Alabama Course of Study for Chemistry Core (Grades 9-12) ALABAMA COURSE FOR CHEMISTRY CORE PROCESS AND APPLICATION * Students will: 1. Understand fundamental assumptions about the universe upon which the scientific enterprise is based. Concern with natural phenomena Discoverable and understandable operation of the universe Linking of natural causes with natural effects Consistent and predictable operation of the universe SE/TE: 1-13 TECH: Interactive Student Tutorial CD-ROM ; Internet Resources: www.phschool.com 2. Discuss science as a body of knowledge and an investigative process. Unified, open-ended structure of observations set in a testable framework of ideas Common purpose and philosophy among the science disciplines Limited scope and certainty Simple solutions, comprehensive results, clearest and reliable explanations, accurate basis for predictions SE/TE: 6, 22, 23, 24, 64, 88, 118, 150, 172, 201, 222, 235, 269, 325, 414, 448, 498, 539, 568, 592, 604, 654, 702, 718, 764, 774, 857, 889 TE: 19, 30, 129, 169, 239, 246, 258, 268, 272, 296, 422, 426, 469, 474, 517, 536, 555, 571, 597, 635, 670, 689, 703, 734, 743, 763, 779, 781, 788, 790, 808, 814, 830, 841, 856, 874, 877 TECH: Technology is incorporated into the labs, CHEMedia Computer Simulations and the Interactive Student Tutorial CD-ROM. References are found in the chapter planning guide at the beginning of each chapter such as 2a, 2b, 54a, 54b SE = Student Edition TE = Teacher s Edition TECH = Technology 1
Alabama Course of Study for Chemistry Core, Grades (9-12) ALABAMA COURSE FOR CHEMISTRY CORE * 3. Conduct scientific investigations systematically. Identifying and framing the question carefully Forming a hypothesis Identifying and managing variables effectively Developing a practical and logical procedure Presenting conclusions based on investigation/previous research SE/TE: 10, 12, 36, 48, 51, 70, 71, 74, 80, 87, 100, 120, 143, 153, 154, 162, 186, 197, 214, 217, 221, 248, 250, 264, 274, 280, 288, 296, 298, 307, 335, 340, 343, 366, 374, 377, 389, 404, 413, 418, 450, 459, 490, 493, 496, 510, 526, 530, 552, 556, 572, 582, 590, 598, 620, 633, 644, 652, 675, 678, 688, 710, 717, 732, 737, 744, 760, 766, 772, 797, 800, 832, 862, 877, 892, 895, 899 TECH: Graphing Calculator: 154, 186, 450, 490, 556, 744, 800 Technology is incorporated into the labs and references are also found in the chapter planning guide at the beginning of each chapter, on pages such as 2a, 2b, 54a, 54b, that make references to the use of the Prentice Hall Chemistry Internet Resources: www.phschool.com; CHEMedia, and the Interactive Student Tutorial CD-ROM. 4. Exhibit behaviors appropriate to the scientific enterprise consistently. SE/TE: 14, 15, 932, 933 TE: 14, 15 This concept is reinforced throughout the text. SE = Student Edition TE = Teacher s Edition TECH = Technology 2
Alabama Course of Study for Chemistry Core, Grades (9-12) ALABAMA COURSE FOR CHEMISTRY CORE 5. Demonstrate correct care and safe use of instruments, equipment, and chemicals. * SE/TE: 48, 70, 71, 80, 153, 154, 186, 214, 250, 280, 288, 296, 298, 335, 340, 366, 374, 389, 404, 418, 450, 459, 490, 510, 526, 530, 556, 572, 582, 598, 620, 633, 644, 678, 688, 710, 744, 760, 766, 862, 877, 892, 934, 935 TE: T31-T32 TECH: Technology is incorporated into the textbook, laboratory investigations, and the activities. References are also found in the chapter planning guide at the beginning of each chapter, on pages such as 2a, 2b, 54a, 54b, that make references to the use of the Prentice Hall Chemistry Internet Resources: www.phschool.com; CHEMedia, and the Interactive Student Tutorial CD-ROM. 6. Demonstrate the ability to choose, construct, and/or assemble appropriate equipment for scientific investigations. SE/TE: 48, 70, 71, 80, 153, 154, 186, 214, 250, 280, 288, 296, 298, 335, 340, 366, 374, 389, 404, 418, 450, 459, 490, 510, 526, 530, 556, 572, 582, 598, 620, 633, 644, 678, 688, 710, 744, 760, 766, 862, 877, 892, 934, 935 TE: T31-T32 TECH: Technology is incorporated into the textbook, laboratory investigations, and the activities. References are also found in the chapter planning guide at the beginning of each chapter, on pages such as 2a, 2b, 54a, 54b, that make references to the use of the Prentice Hall Chemistry Internet Resources: www.phschool.com; CHEMedia, and the Interactive Student Tutorial CD-ROM. SE = Student Edition TE = Teacher s Edition TECH = Technology 3
Alabama Course of Study for Chemistry Core, Grades (9-12) ALABAMA COURSE FOR CHEMISTRY CORE * SE/TE: 10, 12, 36, 37, 48, 51, 70, 71, 72, 74, 80, 83, 87, 100, 116, 120, 123, 143, 153, 154, 157, 162, 185, 186, 189, 197, 203, 214, 217, 221, 243, 248, 250, 253, 264, 273, 274, 277, 280, 288, 296, 297, 298, 301, 307, 322, 335, 340, 343, 366, 373, 374, 377, 389, 400, 404, 407, 413, 418, 430, 450, 453, 459, 489, 490, 493, 496, 504, 510, 526, 530, 533, 552, 553, 556, 559, 572, 581, 582, 585, 590, 598, 615, 620, 623, 633, 643, 644, 647, 652, 669, 675, 678, 681, 688, 700, 710, 713, 717, 732, 737, 743, 744, 747, 759, 760, 766, 769, 772, 783, 797, 800, 803, 818, 832, 835, 843, 862, 865, 877, 884, 892, 895, 899 TECH: Technology is incorporated into the textbook, laboratory investigations, and the activities. References are also found in the chapter planning guide at the beginning of each chapter, on pages such as 2a, 2b, 54a, 54b, that make references to the use of the Prentice Hall Chemistry Internet Resources: www.phschool.com; CHEMedia, and the Interactive Student Tutorial CD-ROM. 7. Apply critical and integrated science-thinking skills. Observing Classifying Measuring with appropriate units and significant figures Inferring Predicting Solving problems Interpreting data Designing experiments Formulating hypotheses Communicating SE = Student Edition TE = Teacher s Edition TECH = Technology 4
Alabama Course of Study for Chemistry Core, Grades (9-12) ALABAMA COURSE FOR CHEMISTRY CORE * 8. Use mathematical models, simple statistical models, and graphical models to express patterns and relationships determined from sets of scientific data. SE/TE: 56, 101, 113, 131, 141-145, 178, 388, 432, 433, 436, 437, 439, 441, 466, 487, 488, 493, 506, 508, 509, 516, 517, 521, 522, 524, 538, 541, 542, 639, 640, 641, 642, 734, 735, 736, 737, 740, 742, 753, 754, 778, 779 TECH: CHEMedia Software Simulations provide numerous opportunities to model data, generate graphs, and analyze relationships 9. Solve for unknown quantities by manipulating variables. SE/TE: 34, 35, 127, 131, 371, 433, 434, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 522, 523, 524, 525, 541, 542, 543, 567, 569, 570, 629, 630, 723, 939 TECH: CHEMedia Software Simulations provide many opportunities to solve for unknown quantities: Density, Gas Laws, Flight Simulation, Stoichiometry 10. Use written and oral communication skills to present and explain scientific phenomena and concepts individually or in collaborative groups using technical and non-technical language. SE/TE: 51, 83, 123, 157, 189, 217, 253, 277, 301, 343, 377, 407, 453, 493, 533, 559, 585, 623, 647, 681, 713, 747, 769, 803, 835, 865, 895 TE: 2, 14, 54, 90, 124, 158, 190, 224, 254, 278, 311, 346, 381, 416, 500, 534, 560, 594, 624, 656, 682, 720, 748, 776, 804, 836, 866 TECH: Technology is incorporated into the textbook, laboratory investigations, and activities. References are also found in the chapter planning guide at the beginning of each chapter, on pages such as 2a, 2b, 54a, 54b, that make references to the use of the Prentice Hall Chemistry Internet Resources: www.phschool.com; CHEMedia, and the Interactive Student Tutorial CD-ROM. SE = Student Edition TE = Teacher s Edition TECH = Technology 5
Alabama Course of Study for Chemistry Core, Grades (9-12) ALABAMA COURSE FOR CHEMISTRY CORE * 11. Choose appropriate technology to retrieve relevant information from the Internet such as electronic encyclopedias, indices, and databases. TECH: Interactive Student Tutorial CD-ROM with link to website http://www.phschool.com.com and CHEMedia Software Technology references are made at the beginning of each chapter in the Chapter Planning Guide. The Website has activities and links for every chapter. 12. Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of widespread use of and reliance on technology. SE/TE: 6, 64, 118, 150, 172, 201, 235, 269, 290, 325, 363, 403, 448, 477, 528, 539, 568, 604, 631, 673, 702, 729, 764, 791, 823, 851, 857, 889 13. Practice responsible use of technology systems, information, and software such as following copyright laws. SE/TE: Using the Writing Process, 51, 83, 84, 189, 218, 301, 304, 410, 494, 588, 747 TECH: Interactive Student Tutorial CD-ROM with link to website http://www.phschool.com.com and CHEMedia Software Technology references are made at the beginning of each chapter in the Chapter Planning Guide. 14. Evaluate technology-based options for lifelong learning. SE/TE: 6, 64, 118, 150, 172, 201, 235, 269, 290, 325, 363, 403, 448, 477, 528, 539, 568, 604, 631, 673, 702, 729, 764, 791, 823, 851, 857, 889 TECH: Interactive Student Tutorial CD-ROM with link to website http://www.phschool.com.com and CHEMedia Software Technology references are made at the beginning of each chapter in the Chapter Planning Guide. SE = Student Edition TE = Teacher s Edition TECH = Technology 6
Alabama Course of Study for Chemistry Core, Grades (9-12) ALABAMA COURSE FOR CHEMISTRY CORE * 15. Identify the uses of technology in scientific applications. SE/TE: 6, 56, 64, 84, 118, 140, 150, 172, 201, 218, 235, 269, 290, 304, 325, 363, 403, 410, 448, 477, 494, 528, 539, 568, 588, 604, 631, 650, 662, 673, 702, 714, 729, 764, 770, 791, 823, 851, 857, 889, 891, 896 TECH: Technology is incorporated into the textbook, laboratory investigations, and the activities. References are also found in the chapter planning guide at the beginning of each chapter, on pages such as 2a, 2b, 54a, 54b, that make references to the use of the Prentice Hall Chemistry Internet Resources: www.phschool.com; CHEMedia, and the Interactive Student Tutorial CD-ROM. PROPERTIES AND CHANGES IN MATTER 16. Collect data and construct and analyze graphs, tables, and charts using tools such as computer- or calculator-based probeware. 17. Differentiate the classifications of matter. Pure substances Mixtures 18. Differentiate between physical and chemical properties/changes. SE/TE: Graphing Calculator, 154, 186, 450, 490, 556, 744, 800 TECH: CHEMedia Software Simulations provide many opportunities to analyze graphs and spreadsheet data. SE/TE: 74-778, 501 TECH: 74, CHEMedia Videodiscs: Elements and Compounds SE/TE: 68-71 TECH: 68 CHEMedia Videodiscs: Plastics Recycling SE = Student Edition TE = Teacher s Edition TECH = Technology 7
Alabama Course of Study for Chemistry Core, Grades (9-12) ALABAMA COURSE FOR CHEMISTRY CORE * 19. Use the kinetic theory to explain the states and properties (microscopic and macroscopic) of matter. SE/TE: 420-423, 443-445, 458-460, 480 TECH: 416b, 420, 443, 456b, 460, 481; See especially CHEMedia Videodiscs: What s a Solid is Solid; CHEMedia Simulations: Kinetic Molecular Theory Structure of Atoms 20. Use the periodic table to determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in isotopes of elements. SE/TE: 104-111 21. Summarize benchmark discoveries in the historical development of the atomic theory. SE/TE: 91, 92, 93, 95-104 TECH: 100, CHEMedia Videodiscs: Rutherford s Experiment; CHEMedia Software Simulation: Atomic Structure 22. Describe atoms using different electron notations. Electron configuration Orbital notation Electron dot notation SE/TE: orbitals, 141-146, 147-153, 170, 171, 173, 230, 231, 237-241, 263, 264 TECH: 147, 170, 173, 240, Interactive Student Tutorial CD- ROM and the CHEMedia Software: Electron Configuration, Rutherford s Experiment; CHEMedia Videodiscs: Electron Orbital Shape SE = Student Edition TE = Teacher s Edition TECH = Technology 8
Alabama Course of Study for Chemistry Core, Grades (9-12) Periodic Table ALABAMA COURSE FOR CHEMISTRY CORE * 23. Use the periodic table for specific purposes. Predicting patterns of change of properties by groups and periods Classifying elements as metals, nonmetals, metalloids, noble gases Predicting bond types Assigning valences/oxidation numbers based on electron configuration SE/TE: 168, 169, 170, 174-185, 226, 242, 660-662 TECH: 158b, 168, 174, 177, 226; website: www.phschool.com; Interactive Student Tutorial CD- ROM and the CHEMedia Software: Periodic Table; CHEMedia Videodiscs: Ionic Bonding, Periodic Trends, Metallic Bonding, Reactivity Bonding, The Mint Solutions 24. Describe the preparation and properties of solutions. Components Classifications Solubility and concentrations Conductivity Colligative properties SE/TE: 502-512, Solubility, 513-518, 520-530 TECH: 500b, 501, 502, 511, 513, 521; CHEMedia Software; Solubility Curves, The Mint, What s in the Water, Solutions, Polar and Nonpolar Solvents, Colligative Properties 25. Relate certain factors to solubility and rate of solution. Nature of solute and solvent Temperature Agitation Surface area Pressure of gases SE/TE: 513-519, 560-587 TECH: 513, 571, 578, Interactive Student Tutorial CD-ROM and the CHEMedia Software: Solubility; CHEMedia Videodiscs: Solutions, Testing a Saline Solution. SE = Student Edition TE = Teacher s Edition TECH = Technology 9
Alabama Course of Study for Chemistry Core, Grades (9-12) ALABAMA COURSE FOR CHEMISTRY CORE * 26. Understand the nature and interactions of acids and bases. Proton donors or acceptors Physical properties Effects on indicators Neutralization reactions Degree of ionization SE/TE: 592-620, 624-644 TECH: 593, 594, 594b, 595, 596, 606, 609, 615, 624b, 632, 633, 634, 635, 637, 638; CHEMedia Videodiscs: Food From the Hood, Defining Acids and Bases, Acids and Metals, Acid Strength vs. Concentration; Videotape: Cool, Clear Water; Interactive Student Tutorial; website: www.phschool.com 27. Compare characteristics of isotopes of the same element. Nuclear composition Stability Physical properties Chemical properties SE/TE: 107-111, 112-113 28. Demonstrate an understanding of basic nuclear concepts and issues. Distinguishing between nuclear and chemical changes Identifying three types of nuclear radiation (alpha, beta, gamma) Applying half life to dating techniques Differentiating fission and fusion Evaluating environmental issues associated with nuclear waste SE/TE: 112-119, 129, 751, 776-800 TECH: 115, 119, 776b, 781, 783, 789 SE = Student Edition TE = Teacher s Edition TECH = Technology 10
Alabama Course of Study for Chemistry Core, Grades (9-12) ALABAMA COURSE FOR CHEMISTRY CORE Interactions of Matter and Energy * 29. Compare and contrast bond types. Ionic Covalent Metallic SE/TE: 225-243, 250, 460, 461, 462, 474, 475, 476 TECH: 224b, 225, 226, 232, 240, 456b, 460, Interactive Student Tutorial CD-ROM and the CHEMedia Videodiscs: Synthetic Gems, Ionic Bonding, Metallic Bonding, Valence Electrons, Bonding, Paramagnatism; Videotape: Sticky Business, CO Poisoning, The Geology of Transition Metals; CHEMedia Simulation: Chemical Formulas 30. Apply rules of nomenclature and formula writing. SE/TE: 231-235, 236-241, 243, 244-249, 616-619, 817-821, 839, 840, 842-844, 846-847, 849, 850, 852-856, 858-860 TECH: 224b, 232, 804b, 818, 836b, 843, 854; CHEMedia Videodiscs: Valence Electrons, Bonding, Paramagnatims; CHEMedia Simulations: Chemical Formulas and Bonding 31. Demonstrate an understanding of matter interactions. Writing balanced chemical equations Identifying chemical reactions Analyzing stoichiometric relationships 32. Apply quantitative relationships among pressure, volume, temperature, and number of particles in ideal gases. SE/TE: 278-298, 347-374 TECH: 278b, 280, 285, 288, 291, 297, 346b, 355, 356, 361, 365, 366; CHEMedia Simulations: Balancing, Videodiscs: Decomposition of Nitrogen; Videotapes: The Chemistry of Fire Works, Chemistry in the Crime Lab, The Kinetics of Air Bags CO Poisoning, Pyrotechnics SE/TE: 431-443 TECH: 416b, 420, 425, 431, 433, 435, 439, 441, 443, 446, 450 SE = Student Edition TE = Teacher s Edition TECH = Technology 11
Alabama Course of Study for Chemistry Core, Grades (9-12) ALABAMA COURSE FOR CHEMISTRY CORE * 33. Analyze factors affecting reaction rates in relation to the kinetic theory. Temperature Surface area Catalyst Concentration Nature of reactants SE/TE: 722-731, 732-737, 738-744 TECH: 720b, 721, 722, 739, 741, 744 34. Explain physical and chemical changes as endothermic and exothermic energy changes. Specific heat calculations Heats of fusion and vaporization Heats of solution Heats of reaction SE/TE: 381-387, 388-392392-397, 470, 484-488, 490, 512, 513 TECH: 380b, 381, 389, 393, 397, 456b, 488, 490, 513 35. Apply LaChâtelier s principle to explain a variety of changes in physical and chemical equilibria. SE/TE: 548-552 TECH: 534b, 548, 550, 552 SE = Student Edition TE = Teacher s Edition TECH = Technology 12
Alabama High School Graduation Exam (Grades 7-12) STANDARD I: The student will understand concepts dealing with the nature of science. SE/TE: This concept is taught throughout the textbook, specifically focusing on the chemical aspects of science LM: The Laboratory Manual contains 80 laboratory investigations that correlate tot he concepts covered in the textbook. TECH: Technology is incorporated into the labs and references are also found in the chapter planning guide at the beginning of each chapter, on pages such as 2a, 2b, 54a, 54b, that make references to the use of the Prentice Hall Chemistry internet site, CHEMedia Computer Simulations and Videodiscs, Field Trip Videotapes, and the Interactive Student Tutorial CD-ROM 13
Objective 1: Analyze the methods of science used to identify and solve problems. SE/TE: 10, 12, 36, 37, 48, 51, 70, 71, 72, 74, 80, 83, 87, 100, 116, 120, 123, 143, 153, 154, 157, 162, 185, 186, 189, 197, 203, 214, 217, 221, 243, 248, 250, 253, 264, 273, 274, 277, 280, 288, 296, 297, 298, 301, 307, 322, 335, 340, 343, 366, 373, 374, 377, 389, 400, 404, 407, 413, 418, 430, 450, 453, 459, 489, 490, 493, 496, 504, 510, 526, 530, 533, 552, 553, 556, 559, 572, 581, 582, 585, 590, 598, 615, 620, 623, 633, 643, 644, 647, 652, 669, 675, 678, 681, 688, 700, 710, 713, 717, 732, 737, 743, 744, 747, 759, 760, 766, 769, 772, 783, 797, 800, 803, 818, 832, 835, 843, 862, 865, 877, 884, 892, 895, 899 TE: LM: T31-T32 Laboratory Manual contains 80 laboratory investigations that correlate to the concepts covered in the textbook. Using the graphing calculator shows how a graphing calculator can be used to organized and analyzed data. TECH: 154, 186, 450, 490, 556, 744, 800 Technology is incorporated into the labs and references are also found in the chapter planning guide at the beginning of each chapter, on pages such as 2a, 2b, 54a, 54b, that make references to the use of the Prentice Hall Chemistry internet site, CHEMedia, and the Interactive Student Tutorial. 14
a. Use process skills to interpret data from graphs, tables, and charts. SE/TE: 44-47, 154, 186, 450, 490, 556, 744; Interpreting Data, 51, 83, 123, 559, 647, 803, 895 LM: The laboratory manual contains labs in which students are required to collect data, analyze data, and form a conclusion, on pages such as 11-15, 45-50, 51-54 TECH: 154, 186, 450, 490, 556, 744, 800 Technology is incorporated into the labs and references are also found in the chapter planning guide at the beginning of each chapter, on pages such as 2a, 2b, 54a, 54b, that make references to the use of the Prentice Hall Chemistry internet site, CHEMedia, and the Interactive Student Tutorial. b. Identify and distinguish between controls and variables in a scientific investigation. SE/TE: 11-13, 51, 377, 895; Designing an Experiment, 186, 340, 450, 490, 530, 710, 892; On Your Own, 80, 120, 186, 214, 250, 298, 374, 404, 490, 530, 556, 582, 620, 644, 678, 710, 744, 862, 892, Lab LM: 1-9, 11-16, 23-27, 35-40, 67-71, 73-76, 113-116, 131-136, 141-144, 145-150, 169-172, 177-182, 183-189, 191-195, 217-222, 223-228, 235-238, 239-244, 245-250, 251-254, 255-260, 261-266, 267-272, 283-287, 305-312, 325-328, 353-357, 367-372, 379-384, 395-398 TECH: Technology is incorporated into the textbook and laboratory investigations. CHEMedia also contains lab simulations that reinforce this concept. 15
c. Identify safe laboratory procedures when handling chemicals, using Bunsen burners, and using laboratory glassware. SE/TE: T27-T30; 14, 15; Appendix A, Safety Rules, 932-933. This concept is reinforced at the beginning of each Laboratory Investigation and in the Teachers Edition Safety Tips. Please see the following examples: 80, 186, 214, 296, 298, 307, 335, 366, 374, 404, 413, 450, 497, 530, 582, 620, 644, 710, 744, 892 TR: 1-3 LM: Lab Manual: Safety in the Chemistry Laboratory pg. viixxii, At the beginning of each laboratory experiment there is a section called Safety. In this section each safety concern for that lab is addressed d. Identify and use appropriate Système International (SI) units for measuring dimensions, volume, and mass. SE/TE: 18-21, 38-42 TE: 38 TR: 1-4, 1-7 LM: Laboratory Manual: 1-9 TECH: 2b, 16, CHEMedia, 19 e. Define and identify examples of hypotheses. SE/TE: 9-11: Designing Experiments, 51, 343, 377, 533 Developing Hypothesis, 217, 377, 493, 585 TE: 10, 11 TR: 1-2 f. Order the proper sequence of steps within the scientific process. SE/TE: 7-13 TE: 10, 11 TR: 1-2 16
g. Select appropriate laboratory glassware, balances, time measuring equipment, and optical instruments to conduct an investigation SE/TE: Designing Experiments, 51, 186, 340, 343, 377, 340, 450, 490, 530, 533, 710, 744, 862, 892 LM: 1-9, 11-16, 23-27, 35-40, 67-71, 73-76, 113-116, 131-136, 141-144, 145-150, 169-172, 177-182, 183-189, 191-195, 217-222, 223-228, 235-238, 239-244, 245-250, 251-254, 255-260, 261-266, 267-272, 283-287, 305-312, 325-328, 353-357, 367-372, 379-384, 395-398 TECH: Technology is incorporated into the textbook and laboratory investigations. CHEMedia also contains lab simulations that reinforce this concept. STANDARD II: The student will understand concepts dealing with matter. Objective 1: Trace the transfer of matter and energy through biological systems. a. Identify, define, and distinguish among producers (autotrophs), consumers, and decomposers (heterotrophs). b. Trace the flow of energy through food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids. SE/TE: 205, 207, 208, 364, 402-403, 555, 664, 869-870 TE: 874 TR: 27-1 LM: Laboratory Manual 429-432 TECH: 866b, CHEMedia 871 SE/TE: 397-400, 868 TR: 12-4, 27-1 TECH: 380b, 866b 17
c. Identify the reactants and products associated with photosynthesis and cellular respiration and the purpose of these two processes. SE/TE: 364, 402, 403, 664, 781, 868, 869 TE: 402 TR: 11-2, 12-5, 27-1 TECH: 310b, 866b, CHEMedia 868 d. Describe the carbon, nitrogen, and water cycles including transpiration and respiration SE/TE: 364, 469-470, 568, 869, 872, 873 TE: 568, 872 TR: 27-1 TECH: 866b, CHEMedia, 868 Objective 2: Relate particle motion to the states of matter (solids, liquids, and gases). SE/TE: 417-423, 457-466, 471-478 TE: 416, 417, 456, 458, 466, 476 TR: 13-1, 14-1, 14-3 TECH: 416b, 456b, CHEMedia, 415, 420, 460, Field Trip Videotapes, Chemistry of Soft Water, What is Gold?, "Sticky Business", Geology of Transition Metals a. Identify states of matter in terms of molecular (particle) movement, density, and kinetic energy associated with each phase/state of a given type of matter. SE/TE: 417-423, 457-466, 471-478, 479-489 TE: 416, 417, 456, 458, 466, 476 TR: 13-1, 14-1, 14-3, 14-4 TECH: 416b, 456b, CHEMedia, 415, 420, 460, Field Trip Videotapes, Chemistry of Soft Water, What is Gold?, "Sticky Business", Geology of Transition Metals 18
Objective 3: Apply information from the periodic table and make predictions using the organization of the periodic table. SE/TE: 164-169, 170-173, 174-185, 186, 191-214 TE: 164, 166, 178, 179, 192, 200, 202, 204 TR: 5-2, 5-3, 6-1, 6-2, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5 LM: Laboratory Manual: 77-80, 81-86, 87-92, 93-97, 99-102 TECH: 158b, 168, 186, 190b, 197, CHEMedia, 170, 174, 177, 191, 209, 211, Chemistry Field Trip Videotapes, What is Gold? a. Determine the number of protons, neutrons, electrons, and mass of an element using the periodic table. SE/TE: 103-106 107-111, 159-163 TE: 103, 106, 159, 163 TR: 3-2, 3-3, 5-1 LM: Laboratory Manual: 51-54, 73-76 TECH: 90b, 124b, CHEMedia, 95, 100, 162 b. Use the periodic table to identify and locate metals, nonmetals, metalloids, and noble gases. SE/TE: 165-169 TE: 166 TR: 5-2 LM: Laboratory Manual, 77-80 TECH: 168 c. Use data about the number of electrons in the outer electron shell of an atom, including simple dot diagrams, to determine its stability/reactivity and be able to predict ionic charge resulting from reactions. SE/TE: 170-173, 177--185, 186, 225-231, 238-242 TE: 176, 180, 228, 230, 231, 238 TR: 5-2, 5-3, 7-1, 7-2 LM: Laboratory Manual: 77-80, 81-86, 87-92, 93-97, 99-102 TECH: 158b, 224a, CHEMedia, 174, 177, 226, 240, Chemistry Field Trip Videotapes, What is Gold? 19
Objective 4: Identify how factors affect rates of physical and chemical changes. SE/TE: 479-488, 514-519, 718-719, 721-731, 732-737, 738-743, 744 TE: 482, 485, 518, 726, 736, 738 TR: 14-4, 15-3, 22-1, 22-2, 22-3 TECH: CHEMedia, 516, 719, 721, 722, 733, 739, 740, 741, Chemistry Field Trip Videotapes, The Kinetics of Air Bags a. Demonstrate knowledge that some factors and substances can affect the rate at which physical and chemical changes occur in living and non-living systems--such as the digestive process SE/TE: 479-488, 514-519, 718-719, 721-731, 732-737, 738-743, 744, 886 TE: 482, 485, 518, 726, 736, 738 TR: 14-4, 15-3, 22-1, 22-2, 22-3, 27-1 TECH: CHEMedia, 719, 721, 722, 733, 739, 740, 741, 868, 871 Chemistry Field Trip Videotapes, The Kinetics of Air Bags STANDARD III: The student will understand concepts of the diversity of life. Objective 1: Distinguish among the taxonomic groups by major characteristics. a. Recognize the correct sequence or taxonomic classification of organisms from the most inclusive level to the least inclusive level. This may include use of a chart to compare two species and to identify the classification level at which one species no longer shares common characteristics with other species. 20
b. Classify organisms into the five kingdoms based on recognizing two or more characteristics associated with organisms in a given kingdom. c. Recognize properly written scientific names using binomial nomenclature. Objective 2: Differentiate structures, functions, and characteristics of plants. a. Identify various plants as being vascular or nonvascular and describe the basic mechanisms by which vascular and nonvascular plants sustain themselves. b. Identify the distinguishing characteristics of angiosperms and gymnosperms in terms of their structures and reproduction. c. Identify reproductive structures and their functions in angiosperms. d. Demonstrate knowledge of which characteristics/traits would be best suited for plants growing in different environments and/or exposed to different pests 21
Objective 3: Differentiate structures, functions, and characteristics of animals. a. Distinguish characteristics of vertebrates and invertebrates in terms of a broad but basic range of physical and reproductive traits. b. Explain how animals are adapted to their environment such as protective coloration, mimicry, claws, beaks, etc. STANDARD IV: The student will understand concepts of heredity. Objective 1: Recognize heritable characteristics of organisms. a. Identify physical traits that are passed from parents to offspring. b. Recognize how genetic traits including diseases and disorders are passed from one generation to the next. This may include family pedigrees and monohybrid Punnett squares. c. Identify what happens to the DNA code when a mutation occurs and identify the major causes of mutations. SE/TE: 888-891 TE: 890 TR: 27-5 22
d. Recognize and evaluate the harms and benefits that result when mutations occur. SE/TE: 786-791, 889 TE: 788, 790, 888 TR: 24-2, 27-5 TECH: 789 Objective 2: Explain how the DNA molecule transfers genetic information from parent to offspring. SE/TE: 891 TE: 890 TR: 27-5 a. Describe the relationships among DNA, genes, and chromosomes. b. Describe the basic terms the structure and function of DNA. SE/TE: 890-891 TE: 890 TR: 27-5 c. Define the genetic purpose for meiosis from generation to generation. d. Define and distinguish between dominant and recessive genes and how each is expressed in parents and off spring. 23
STANDARD V: The student will understand concepts of cells. Objective 1: Distinguish relationships among cell structures, functions, and organization in living organisms a. Define and identify representations of diffusion and osmotic systems and what substances are transported by these processes. This may include graphic representations. b. Recognize differences between active and passive transport of substances and the energy requirements associated with these transport systems. c. Identify and define similarities and differences between plant and animal cells. d. Classify organisms as prokaryotic or eukaryotic; identify and define similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. e. Describe cell locomotion by means of cilia and flagella and recognize some organisms that depend on one or the other of these means of locomotion. f. Identify cell organelles and define functions of cell organelles. This may include graphic representations. 24
g. Distinguish and identify examples of cellular organization at the cell, tissue, organ, system, and organism level. Objective 2: Differentiate between mitosis and meiosis. a. Define, contrast, and compare mitosis and meiosis. This may include events needed to prepare the cell for these processes. b. Describe the purpose of mitotic and meiotic divisions during different life stages of organisms such as asexual and sexual reproduction and growth and repair. STANDARD VI: The student will understand concepts of interdependence. Objective 1: Demonstrate an understanding of factors that affect the dynamic equilibrium of populations and ecosystems. a. Describe the harmful/beneficial consequences of introducing a non-native species into an ecosystem. b. Identify species that are competing for resources and predict outcomes of that competition. c. Identify and define biotic and abiotic components of different environments. d. Determine how viruses, bacteria, and parasites affect the dynamic equilibrium of populations. SE/TE: 403, 448, 631, 764 TE: 448 LM: 17-22, 305-312 25
e. Identify human activities that affect the dynamic equilibrium of populations and ecosystems. SE/TE: 403, 448, 631, 764 TE: 448 LM: 17-22, 305-312 f. Identify factors and relationships, such as predator/prey, that affect population dynamics and ecosystems. g. Explain why diversity within a species is important and how heritable traits ensure survival. STANDARD VII: The student will understand concepts of energy. Objective 1: Relate the Law of Conservation of Energy to energy transformations. a. Describe how energy--mechanical, electrical, chemical, light, sound, and heat--can be transformed from one form to another. b. Show understanding that energy transformations result in no net gain or loss of energy; but that in energy conversions, less energy is available due to heat loss during the transformations. SE/TE: 55-58, 79, 381, 479, 480, 734, 735, 868, 869, 870 TE: 55, 479 TR: 2-1, 14-1, 27-1 LM: Laboratory Manual: 23-27 TECH: 54b, 456b, 866b, CHEMedia 57, 481, 868 SE/TE: 54-57, 125-129, 131-134, 402 TE: 128, 130, 134 TR: 4-1, 4-2 TECH: 124b, CHEMedia, 126, Chemistry Field Trip Videotape, Starry Eyes SE/TE: 384-387, 393-395 TE: 384, 386 TR: 12-1, 12-2, TECH: 380b, CHEMedia, 381, Chemistry Field Trip Videotapes, The Kinetics of Air Bags, Protechnics 26
c. Apply the concept of conservation and transformation of energy within and between organisms and the environment such as food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids. SE/TE: 867-870 TR: 27-1 TECH: 866b, CHEMedia, 868 Objective 2: Relate waves to the transfer of energy. SE/TE: 125-129, 132-134, 137-139 TE: 128, 134, 136 TR: 4-1, 4-2, 4-3 TECH: 124b, CHEMedia, 126, 136, Chemistry Field Trip Videotapes, Starry Eyes, The Chemistry of Fireworks a. Relate wavelength to energy SE/TE: 126-127 TR: 4-1 TECH: 124b, CHEMedia, 126 b. Describe how waves travel through different kinds of media. c. Describe how waves--earthquake waves, sound waves, water waves, and electromagnetic waves--can be destructive/beneficial due to the transfer of energy. SE/TE: 128 TR: 4-1 SE/TE: 132-133, 137-139, 786-790 TE: 136, 788 TR: 24-2, Laboratory Manual: 395-398 TECH: 776b, CHEMedia, 789 27
STANDARD VIII: The student will understand concepts of force and motion. Objective 1: Relate Newton s three laws of motion to real-world applications. An extension of this concept is found in the following locations. SE/TE: 226, 420-423, 446-449, 460-465, 473-478 TR: 13-1, 13-5, 14-1, 14-3 TECH: 416b, CHEMedia, 420, 446 Objective 2: Relate force to pressure in fluids. SE/TE: 424-430 TE: 430 TR: 13-2 TECH: 416b, CHEMedia, 425, Chemistry Field Trip Videotapes, "Under Pressure" a. Relate force to pressure in fluids. (Note: Formulas will be provided, where needed, to calculate fluid force in closed systems.) b. Apply the concept of fluid pressure to biological systems such as in strokes, aneurysms, the bends, blood pressure, lung function, equalization of pressure on the eardrum, and turgor pressure. SE/TE: 424-430 TE: 430 TR: 13-2 TECH: 416b, CHEMedia, 425, Chemistry Field Trip Videotapes, "Under Pressure" SE/TE: 431-433, 439-440 TE: 430 TR: 13-3 LM: 197-202 TECH: 414b, CHEMedia, 431, 433, 439 28
READING COMPREHENSION CONNECTION: SCIENCE STANDARD I: The student will demonstrate literal understanding of passages taken from textual, functional, and recreational reading material. 1. Identify supporting details. This concept is reinforced through the Using the Writing Process found at the end of each chapter, for example: SE/TE: 51, 83, 123, etc. This concept would be covered in more detail in an English course. 2. Determine sequence of events. This concept is covered through the Design an Experiment exercises in which students must determine what steps should be taken in order to answer a scientific question. SE/TE: Designing Experiments, 51, 186, 340, 343, 377, 340, 450, 490, 530, 533, 710, 744, 862, 892 LM: 16, 40, 71, 102, 112, 136, 150, 172, 189, 238, 250, 254, 260, 266, 272, 287, 294,312, 328, 357, 372, 384, 398 3. Follow directions. This concept is reinforced throughout the laboratory investigations where students are required to follow directions in order to achieve the desired results. SE/TE: 48, 80, 120, 154, 186, 214, 250, 274, 298, 340, 374, 404, 450, 490, 530, 556, 582, 620, 644, 678, 712, 744,766800, 832, 862, 892 LM: This concept is reinforced throughout the 80 Laboratory investigations. 29
STANDARD II: The student will interpret passages taken from textual, functional, and recreational reading material. 1. Identify main idea. The text has at the end of each chapter Summarizing Key Concepts which enable students to identify the main idea of each section, on pages such as: SE/TE: 49, 81, 121, 155, 187 2. Draw conclusions. SE/TE: Drawing Conclusions, 123, 189, 253, 343, 453, 493, 533, 585, 647, 681, 747, 865 LM: The students will draw conclusions after each laboratory investigation in the section Critical Thinking: Analysis and Conclusion TECH: Technology is incorporated into the textbook, laboratory investigations, and the activities. References are also found in the chapter planning guide at the beginning of each chapter on pages such as 2a, 2b, 54a, and 54b that make references to the used of the Prentice Hall Chemistry Internet site, CHEMedia, and the Interactive Student tutorial. 3. Determine cause and effect. SE/TE: Interpreting Data, 51, 83, 123, 559, 647, 803, 895 LM: This concept is covered in the Laboratory Investigations. TECH: Technology is incorporated into the textbook, laboratory investigations, and the activities. References are also found in the chapter planning guide at the beginning of each chapter on pages such as 2a, 2b, 54a, and 54b that make references to the used of the Prentice Hall Chemistry Internet site, CHEMedia, and the Interactive Student tutorial. 30
4. Detect propaganda; distinguish fact from opinion. SE/TE: 83, 120, 186, 221, 280, 298, 307, 335, 373, 374, 490, 497, 530, 620, 623, 647 TECH: Technology is incorporated into the textbook, laboratory investigations, and the activities. References are also found in the chapter planning guide at the beginning of each chapter on pages such as 2a, 2b, 54a, and 54b that make references to the used of the Prentice Hall Chemistry Internet site, CHEMedia, and the Interactive Student tutorial. 5. Recognize statements that adequately summarize a passage. STANDARD III: The student will apply critical analysis strategies and judge texts critically to comprehend passages from textual, functional, and recreational reading material. 1. Recognize fallacies of logic and judge strength of argument. SE/TE: 83, 120, 186, 221, 280, 298, 307, 335, 373, 374, 490, 497, 530, 620, 623, 647 TECH: Technology is incorporated into the textbook, laboratory investigations, and the activities. References are also found in the chapter planning guide at the beginning of each chapter on pages such as 2a, 2b, 54a, and 54b that make references to the used of the Prentice Hall Chemistry Internet site, CHEMedia, and the Interactive Student tutorial. 2. Analyze literary elements. SE/TE: T9-T10, 217 (question 38), 222, 243, 305, 430 31
3. Demonstrate understanding of figurative language and analogy. SE/TE: 24, 159, 319, 548, 595 STANDARD IV: The student will utilize strategies that enhance comprehension of textual, functional, and recreational reading material. 1. Determine word meaning through the use of context clues. This concept is reinforced throughout the text. The Key Terms appear in the text as bold faced words and are then listed again at the end of the chapter in the section "Reviewing Key Terms" 2. Demonstrate the ability to preview and predict. SE/TE: 9-11, Designing Experiments, 51, 343, 377, 533 Developing Hypothesis, 217, 377, 493, 585 TE: 10, 11 TR: 1-2 TECH: Technology is incorporated into the textbook, laboratory investigations, and the activities. References are also found in the chapter planning guide at the beginning of each chapter on pages such as 2a, 2b, 54a, and 54b that make references to the used of the Prentice Hall Chemistry Internet site, CHEMedia, and the Interactive Student tutorial. 3. Discern organizational patterns SE/TE: 159-163. 174-185 32
SE/TE: Using the Writing Process, 51, 123, 217, 253, 377, 407, 533, 865; Critical Thinking and Problem Solving, 83, 189, 301, 559, 585, 747, 803, 835, 895; From School to Work, 84, 218, 304, 410, 494, 588, 650, 714, 770, 896 LM: 21, 27, 44, 59, 66, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 116, 120, 126, 130, 136, 162, 168, 176, 202, 215, 228, 238, 250, 254, 272, 282, 287, 300, 304, 312, 319, 332, 337, 346, 352, 365, 378, 393, 402, 407, 418, 428, 444 4. Demonstrate the ability to locate information in reference material. 33