wek wkï cwiw wz 2008 wkïi Aw ÍZ i v

wek wkï cwiw wz 2008 wkïi Aw ÍZ i v

wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

K ZÁZv GB cöwz e`b ˆZwi Kiv m e n q Q BDwb m di wfz ii I evb ii eû gvby li civgk I Ae`v bi d j BDwb m di wbgœwjwlz Awdm jv _ K iæz c~y mn hvwmzv cviqv M Q: AvdMvwb Ívb, G v ½vjv, Av R w Ubv, evsjv `k, ewbb, evwjwfqv, emwbq I nv R Mvwfbv, eªvwrj, K v ^vwwqv, K v giæb, wpwj, Pxb, K jvw ^qv, K ½v, AvBfwi Kv, WwgwbK cörvzš, BKz qwi, wgmi, BwiwÎqv, Rvw ^qv, Nvbv, nvbwz, fviz, Bivb BmjvwgK cörvzš, RvgvBKv, RW vb, KvRvwK Ívb, Kwbqv, g ½vwjqv, gi v, gvrvw ^K, wbkviv qv, bvbrvi, bvb Rwiqv, cvwk Ívb, cvcyqv wbd wmwb, ciæ, m U jywmqv, m bmvj, mvgvwjqv, `w Y Avwd«Kv, mỳ vb, mywibvg, ZvwRwK Ívb, ZvÄvwbqv mshy³ cörvzš, wzgyi- jmz&&, ZzK gwb Ívb, DMvÛv, Diæ q, f bry qjv ewjfvwiqvb cörvzš, B q gb, Rvw ^qv Ges gvrvw ^K AviI mn hvwmzv biqv n q Q BDwb m di AvÂwjK Awdmmg~n Ges B bv Pw U wimvp m Uvi _ K cöwm W U Gjvb Rbmb-mviwjd, UWªm G vwvbm, cj dvigvi, cj wd«g vb, gwjûv d«ý MUm, wrg Bqs wkg, GwjRv e_ Gb. gvuvkv Ges nbwi cwi Gu `i K we klfv e ab ev` M elyv Ges bxwz wba viy Kg m~wp wefvm; bxwz I cwikíbv wefvm cwimsl vb mviwy KŠkjMZ Z_ kvlv, bxwz I cwikíbv wefvm bkkv I cökvkbvi c~e cö wz cövcövwd BbK. Qvcv n v Uªm cöm BbK. cökvkbv, Abyev` Ges wezi Yi `vwqz m úv`bv, bkkv I cökvkbv kvlv, hvmv hvm wefvm RvwZmsN wkï Znwej (BDwb md), ww m ^i 2007 cöwz e` bi evsjv ms iy GB cökvkbvi h Kv bv Ask cybtcökv ki Rb AbygwZ jvm e hmv hvm Kiæb: m úv`bv, c ôvm¾v I cökvkbv kvlv hvmv hvm wefvm, BDwb md 3 BDGb c vrv, wbdbqk, GbIqvB 10017, BDGmG, dvb: 212-326-7434, d v : 212-303-7985, B- gbj: nyhqdoc.permit@unicef.og wk vg~jk ev A-jvfRbK cöwzôv bi Rb AbygwZ `Iqv n e Ab `i mvgvb wkqy wd `Iqvi Aby iva Kiv n Q evsjv ms iy m ú`bv: Rvdixb PŠayix/BDwb md Abyev`: wkwki gvoj cr gkavc I cöwμqvkiy: ˆmq` gl jmyi ingvb/bdwb md mvg bi gjv Ui Qwe: BDwb md/gbpwkd07-0108/w_ qwi WjwfM b wrb BDwb md evsjv `k KZ K cökvwkz wegmgj feb, 1 wg Uz ivw XvKv, evsjv `k gšíe mg~n jlk `i ` wófw½ib cöwzwbwaz K i Ges m jv BDwb m di Ae v bi Aem vex cöwzdjb bq cökvkbvq Kv bv fyj _vk j ms kvabxi Rb Avgv `i I qemvbu `Lyb: www.unicef.org/publication ISBN: 978-92-806-4191-2 ii

cövk&k_b mv cöwzk Kv ji BwZnv m 2006 mv jb cö_g ev ii g Zv Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz i msl v 10 wgwjq bi K g G m `uvovq, GB msl v wqj 9.7 wgwjqb Gi A_ n jv 1960 mv ji ci wkï g Zz nvi 60 kzvsk n«vm c q Q Z e G Z cwiz ß nevi Kv bv my hvm bb cöwz eqi 9.7 wgwjqb bzzb Rxeb nviv bv wkqy ZB MÖnY hvm bq, we kl K i Gme g Zz i AwaKvsk hlb cöwz iva Kiv m e Ges meai bi AMÖMwZ m Ë I wek GLbI mnmªvã Dbœqb j AR bi mwvk c _ bb, GB j AR b Ki Z n j 2015 mv ji g a wkï g Zz nvi `yb-z Zxqvsk Kgv Z n e wkï g Zz wnmve cö ZKvix AvšÍR vwzk ` ji (B Uvib vkbvj MÖc di PvBì gu vwjwu Gw gkb) Z _ `Lv hvq, we k i cö Z K A ji `k jv Z AMÖMwZ mvwaz n q Q 1960 mv j Px b cöwz 1,000 RxweZ R b Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz i msl v wqj 45, GLb Zv K g 1,000 RxweZ R b g Zz i msl v 24 G G m `uvwo q Q A_ vr g Zz nvi 47 kzvsk K g Q fvi Z wkï g Zz nvi 34 kzvsk K g Q Ab AviI QqwU ` k - evsjv ` k, f~uvb, ewjwfqv, BwiwÎqv, MYcÖRvZš x jvi I bcvj - 1990 mv ji ci _ K 50 kzvsk ev Zvi ewk wkï g Zz nvi K g Q Zv m Ë I GBme ` k Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz nvi GLbI D PgvÎvq i q M Q Bw_Iwcqv 1990 mv ji ci _ K wkï g Zz nvi 40 kzvsk Kgv Z m g n q Q wkï myi v I ^v cwiph vi Î h 62 wu `k mnmªvã Dbœqb j AR b Kv bv AMÖMwZ mvab Ki Z cv iwb ev hv `i AwZ mvgvb AMÖMwZ n q Q G `i cövq 75 kzvskb Avwd«Kvq Avwd«Kvi `w Yv ji wkqy ` k wkï g Zz n«v mi Î c~ e h AMÖMwZ n qwqj GBPAvBwf/GBW mi cö Kv ci Kvi Y Zv wecixz gylx n q Q GBme ` k j AR b Ki Z n j cö qvrb HK e cö Póv gšwjk ^v c` c ev Kg m~wpi e vckgvîvq MÖnY Kiv `ikvi hvi g a i q Q: R b i ïiæ Z I ZviciB ïaygvî gv qi `yacvb, wukv`vb, wfuvwgb G m ú~ik Ges g v jwiqvi cö Kvc Kgv bvi Rb KxUbvk K Rviv bv gkvwii e envi e w Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv AÂj Ges Ab A j AMÖMwZ we Í Z Kivi Rb Gme c` c AZ vek K wpwkrmv I ivm cöwz iv ai my hvm e w Ges wbd gvwbqv, Wvqwiqv, g v jwiqv, Zxeª Acywó I GBPAvBwf K gvkv ejv Kivi Rb AviI A bk wkqy Kiv cö qvrb Avgiv Rvwb wkïi Rxeb i v m e hw` KwgDwbwUwfwËK ^v mevi my hvm Ges mb mv _ ` p idv ij e e v _v K iæz w` Z n e KwgDwbwU ch v q g~j mev jv mieivn Kivi Ici GwU n e RvZxq ^v e e v K mnvqzv Kivi Rb mgwš^z cö Póvi Ask Ges bvix, gv Ges bervz Ki we kl cö qvrb jvi cöwz mywbw` ófv e g bv hvm w` Z n e wkï i v I ^v cwiph vi Î GgwWwR AR b Avwd«Kvi `k jv K mvnvh Kivi Rb Avwd«Kvb BDwbq bi Aby iv a wek ^v ms v, wek e vsk Ges BDwb md hš_fv e GKwU Kg KvVv gv ˆZwi K i GB eq ii wek wkï cwiw wz cöwz e` bi Lu ywubvwu cix v-wbix v K i Q wek ^v wb q h bzzb MwZ m wó n q Q muvb Avkvi GKwU Drm i q Q D PgvÎvi mikvwi I emikvwi AvMÖn, M o DV Q m Rbkxj Askx`vwiZ Ges Zv μ g kw³kvjx n Q G jv K hš_fv e Avgv `i g~jab wnmv e e envi K i MwZe w Z Ki Z n e mnmªvã Dbœqb j AR bi MwZ Z ivwš^z Kivi Rb Askx`vwi Z i g a weivu m vebv i q Q GRb BDwb md RvwZms Ni wewfbœ AsMms v I wewfbœ iv óªi mikvi, AvÂwjK I wewfbœ emikvwi cöwzôvb, dvd Ûkb Ges e w³ cöwzôv bi Kv Ri mgš^q Ki Q Ges ` Zv I Ávb GKwÎZ Ki Q Avgv `i GLbKvi P v jä n Q, mdj cögvwyz welq jvi we Ívi NUv bvi Rb RiæwiwfwË Z hš_fv e KvR Kiv G vb Gg. f bg vb wbe vnx cwipvjk RvwZmsN wkï Znwej UNICEF/HQ07-1608/Georgina Cranston iii

m~wpcî K ZÁZv ^xkvi... ii cövk&&k_b G vb Gg f bg vb wbe vnx cwipvjk, RvwZmsN wkï Znwej... iii 1wkïi Aw ÍZ i v: Avgiv Kv_vq `uvwo q mvims c...vi c v bj Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz i nvi: wkï ^v i Acwinvh gvb`ð... 2 gvz I wkï g Zz i AšÍwb wnz I KvVv gvmz KviY...3 bervz Ki Aw ÍZ...4 wkï g Zz i me P q wbkuez x KviYmg~n...8 wbd gvwbqv: fy j hviqv wkï NvZK...10 mgq I v bi cwi cöw Z gvz, bervzk I wkï ^v cwiph vi avievwnkzv...17 RwUj Riæwi Ae vq wkïi ^v...18 gvz, bervzk I wkï ^v i DbœwZK í bvixi gzvqb...20 Rb wbeüb: AZ vek Kxq mevi my hvm m wó Z GKwU iæz c~y c` c...22 msnvz ciez x cwiw wz Z wkïi Aw ÍZ i v: jvb ewiqvi P v jä Ges mvdj...24 wpî 1.1 Dbœqb j 4 AR bi mydj Ges j cušqv Z e _ n j Zvi LmviZ...2 1.2 wek e vcx bervzk g Zz nvi, 2000...4 1.3 avivevwnk gvz I wkï ^v mev e e vi g a wkïi Rxeb i vq mnr c` ÿ ci Kvi Y eo ai bi jvf...5 1.4 1990 _ K 2006 mv ji g a wek e vcx wkï g Zz nvi cövq GK-PZz_ vsk K g hvq...6 1.5 2006 mv j Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz i msl v wqj 10 wgwjq bi wkqy Kg...6 1.6 GgwWwR 4 AR bi Rb wek e vcx wkï g Zz Kgv bvi ÿ Î Ach vß AMÖMwZ...7 1.7 ^ ívbœz 50 wu ` ki cövq GK-Z Zxqvsk 1990 mvj _ K Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz i nvi 40 kzvsk ev Zvi ewk n«vm Ki Z mg_ n q Q...8 1.8 wek e vcx Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz i KviYmg~n...8 1.9 ^v Ges mnmªvã Dbœqb j mg~n...9 1.10 wbd gvwbqv m ` n cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx A a Ki ewk wkï K mwvk ^v mev cö`vbkvixi Kv Q biqv nq...10 1.11 me A ji g a `w Y Gwkqvq Acywói gvîv me P q ewk...11 1.12 wk ívbœz ` ki P q Dbœqbkxj ` k gvz g Zz i m vebv A bk A bk ewk...12 1.13 `w Y Gwkqv I Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv A j wbgœgv bi gvz ^v mev D Pnv i gvz g Zz i KviY...12 1.14 wkï `i GBPAvBwf msμg Yi cövq 90 kzvsk Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv A j...13 1.15 cövq 80 kzvsk Dbœqbkxj ` ki wbivc` cvwbi Drm e env ii my hvm Av Q...14 1.16 Dbœqbkxj we k i gvî A a K RbmsL vi ch vß m vwb Uk bi my hvm Av Q...14 1.17 YMYbv 2015 Abyhvqx wkï i vq j c~i Yi Î AMÖvwaKvi cviqv 60 `k...16 1.18 avivevwnkzvi Rb gvz, bervzk I wkï ^v i cwiph v mevi g a ms hvm vcb...17 1.19 gvz, bervzk I wkï g Zz n«v m cvwievwik I ^v mev K `ªi cwiph vi g a ms hvm vcb...17 1.20 `w Y Gwkqv Ges Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv A j Rb wbeü bi nvi...22 2 wekvkgvb ^v mev c wz I PP v _ K wk v MÖnY mvims c...26 c v bj nvg cöwz iva D ` vm...28 RvZxq wukv w`em I wkï ^v w`em... 32 ^v Lv Z A_ vqb: LvZwfwËK e e vmg~n Ges AwZ FYMÖ Í `wi`ª `k jvi D ` vm...33 fvi Z bervzk I ˆkkeKvjxb Amȳ Zvq mgwš^z e e vcbv...35 evgv Kv D ` vm...36 wzh K e e vmg~n: gw Kvi c_...38 cwðg Avwd«Kvq wkï g Zz nvi n«vm I Dbœqb Z ivš^xzkiy...40 Avwd«Kvi GBPAvBwf I GBWm Ges bvix I wkï `i Ici Gi cöfve...42 gvz, bervzk Ges wkï ^v i Rb Askx`vwiZ...43 wpî 2.1 nvgrwbz g Zz i ˆewk K evsv...29 2.2 wbe vwpz cöv_wgk ^v mev Ges 1980 mvj _ K wukv`vb e w i MwZcÖK wz...35 2.3 nvmcvzv ji evb i, cö_g Í ii idv ij ^v K `ª Ges evwo Z `yõgvm _ K cuvp eqi eqmx Amȳ wkïi Rb AvBGgwmAvB ivmx e e vcbv...37 2.4 ^v -mswkøó mnmªvã Dbœqb j AR bi Rb aviyvmz KvVv gv...39 iv

wek wkï cwiw wz 2008 wkïi Aw ÍZ i v 3 gv, bervzk I wkïi cöv_wgk ^v mevq KwgDwbwUi Askx`vwiZ mvims ÿc...44 c v bj KwgDwbwUwfwËK ^v cwiph vi gšwjk PP vmg~n...47 ^v I cywó wel q KwgDwbwUi Askx`vwi Z mvaviy ` wófw½ I P v jämg~n...48 fviz: KwgDwbwUi Askx`vwi Z i gva g Acywó n«vm...50 gv _ K wkï Z GBPAvBwf msμgy cöwz iva: c~e I `w Y Avwd«Kvq gv _ K gv Kg m~wpi cöfve...52 Bw_Iwcqvq gv I wkï cwiw wzi cwiez b G b Q bz Z...54 dvkvm gvrvw ^K: KwgDwbwUwfwËK Kg m~wpi gva g cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx wkïi g Zz nvi n«vm...59 cvwb e e vcbv I z j m vwb Ukb my hvm e w Z KwgDwbwUi Askx`vwiZ...60 wpî 3.1 eqm Abycv Z (gvm) wkïi Le nevi cöeyzv...51 4 vbxq Rb Mvôxi m ½ Askx`vwiZ, cwiph vi avivevwnkzv Ges ^v e e vi kw³kvjxkiy mvims ÿc...62 c v bj we Í wzkiy: gv, bervzk I wkïi Rb ch vß cywó...66 Ôevav c iv bvi cövwšík ev RUÕ...70 we Í ZKiY: wbivc` cvwb, ch vß cqtmyweav Ges cwi QbœZvi DbœZ PP v...74 Avwd«Kvq ^v Kg xi msku KvwU q IVv Riæwi...76 Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv A ji wkïi Rxebi v Ges Ab vb ^v msμvší mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j AR bi Rb wewb qvm...78 dvkvm evu mvqvbv: vbxq Rb Mvôxi m ½ mn hvmx D ` v Mi gva g GBPAvBwf cöwz iva I wpwkrmvi cwimi e w...81 ^v mev cö`v b Revew`wnZv I kvmb kw³kvjx Kiv...83 iæqvûvq Kv Ri gvbwfwëk A_ vqb...84 dvkvm eªvwrj: KwgDwbwUwfwËK GKwU RvZxq ^v mev buiqvk wbgv Y...86 eûcvw K cöwzôv bi Rb GK Î KvR Kivi bzzb c_...88 gvbevwakvi, KwgDwbwUwfwËK ^v mev I wkïi Rxeb i v - cj dvigvi I wrg Bqs wkg...90 wpî 4.1 Dbœqbkxj ` k cöv_wgk ^v mev we Ív i aviyvmz KvVv gv...64 4.2 ^v mev cö`v bi Î wewfbœ evav AwZμgY Kivi Dcvq...69 4.3 Avwd«Kvi Rb m ó KŠkjMZ wbg vy-kvvv gvi AvIZvq me wbgœ, ewa Z I m e v P mev Q cušqv bv Ges G msμvší djvdj Ges e qi wnmvek Z AvbygvwbK djvdj...78 4.4 A _ i Drm 2007-2015...79 4.5 eªvwrj: cvwievwik Avq I gv qi RvwZMZ cwipq f ` Ges wbe vwpz AÂjmg~ ni ci ú ii g a I GKB A ji g a B weivu ˆelg, 2002...87 5 wkï i vi mw wjz cöqvm mvims ÿc...94 c v bj Rb ^v wel q wm v šíi Rb DcvË msmön I Z`viwK Kg KvÐ kw³kvjxkiy...100 cvwui Ab cöv ší: gvz, bervzk I wkïi Rxeb I ^v i vq HK e cöqvm...102 wpî 5.1 Dbœqbkxj `k jv Z evqvbk Z A_ cöevn...99 Z_ cäx...104 cwimsl vb mviwy...109 Ab~aŸ -cuvp g Zz nvi Abyhvqx Ae vb...113 mviwy 1: gšwjk m~pkmg~n...114 mviwy 2: cywó...118 mviwy 3: ^v...122 mviwy 4: GBPAvBwf/GBWm...126 mviwy 5: wk v...130 mviwy 6: RbmsL v m~pk...134 mviwy 7: A_ bwzk m~pk...138 mviwy 8: bvix...142 mviwy 9: wkï myi v...146 mviwy 10: AMÖMwZi nvi...150 UxKv...154 v

mvims c wkï g Zz i nvi GKwU ` ki Dbœq bi úk KvZi m~pk Ges `kwui AMÖvwaKvi I iæ Z i mie D`vniY wkïi ^v Ges Zv `i gv q `i e vcv i wewb qvm gvbevwakv ii Rb GKvšÍ cö qvrb ïay ZvB bq, GwU GKwU mȳ A_ bwzk wm všíi e U Ges Kv bv ` ki my `i fwel Zi Rb GwU GKwU wbwðz c_ 1990 mvj _ K wkïi Aw ÍZ i v Ges ^v i DbœwZ Z cöfve we ÍviKvix AMÖMwZ n q Q, Ggb wk `wi`ªzg wkqy ` ki Zv n q Q Zv m Ë I mnmªvã Dbœqb j 4 (GgwWwR 4) AR bi Rb evowz cö Póvi `ikvi n e GgwWwR 4 Gi D Ïk n Q 1990 _ K 2015 mv ji g a wek e vcx Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz i nvi `yb- Z Zxqvs k Kwg q Avbv GB j AR b GLbI m e, wkš Zvi Rb cöpð P v jäi i q Q j cušqv bvi A_ n jv 2006 mv j h 9.7 wgwjqb wkï gviv M Q 2015 mv j mb msl v Kwg q 4 wgwjq b Avbv Zv AR b GKvwaK Îi Kg KvÛ K Z ivwš^z Ki Z n e: `vwi`ª I zav n«vm (GgwWwR 1), gvz ^v i DbœwZ (GgwWwR 5), GBPAvBwf/ GBWm, g v jwiqv I Ab vb eo ivmevjvb gvkv ejv (GgwWwR 6), DbœZ cvwb I cqtmyweavi e envi e w (GgwWwR 7), Ges AZ vek Kxq Ilya mieiv ni UuKmB e e v (GgwWwR 8) GB j AR b `wi`ªzg Rb Mvôx, me P q cövwšík Ae v b _vkv KwgDwbwUi Kv Q cušqv bvi Rb KŠkj jvi cybtcix vi cö qvrb n e cöwzwu wkïi mȳ Rxebhvc bi AwaKvi Av Q gvjvdwqi GKwU KwgDwbwU wkï K `ª GK`j wkï mv cöwzk eqi jv Z A bk Dbœqbkxj ` k wkï g Zz i nvi Kgv bvi Î h ` óvšíg~jk AMÖMwZ n q Q Zv Z Avkvev`x nevi KviY i q Q wkï g Zz i KviY Ges Zvi mgvavb GLb mycwiwpz j j wkïi Rxeb i vkvix mnr, Av v ivlv hvq Ges mieivn hvm e e v GLb nv Zi bvmv ji g a GLb P v jä n Q cöm~wz, bervzk I wkï ^v mevi avivevwnk mgvavb jv GLbI D cw Z i q M Q Ggb j j wkï I Zv `i cwiev ii Kv Q cuš Q `Iqv

wek wkï cwiw wz 2008 wkïi Aw ÍZ i v: Avgiv Kv_vq `uvwo q 1 BDwb md/2007/ WwfW A vb_wb ez gvb cwiw wz Rxe bi g~j Kx? GKwU wkï K i vi Rb Avgiv mpvivpvi A bk Z vm ^xkvi Kwi wkš h Kv bv Kvi YB nvk Avgv `i AMÖvwaKvi jv A úó n q D V Q cöwzw`b mviv we k M o 26,000 wkï gviv hvq, cöavbz Ggb Kvi Y h jv cöwz iva hvm G `i cövq mk j Dbœqbkxj we k i, A_ev AviI úó K i ej j, 60wU Dbœqbkxj ` k Gme wkïi GK-Z Zxqvs ki ewk gviv hvq R b i cö_g GK gv mi g a Giv mvaviyz evwo Z gviv hvq Ges Rxeb i v Ki Z cvi Zv Ggb AZ vek Kxq gšwjk `ªe mvgmöx I ^v mevi my hvm bv _vkvi Kvi Y Giv gviv hvq A bk wkï gviv hvq k vmz š i RwUjZvq ev Wvqwiqvi msμg Y hv wk ívbœz ` k Kv bv SuywKB bq A b K gviv hvq nv gi g Zv AwZ- ˆkkeKvjxb iv M hv wukv w` q mn R cöwz iva Kiv m e Ab aÿ cuvp eqi eqmx wkïi A a Ki g Zz i KviY Acywó, hv kvixwik I gvbwmk e w I wekv k cö qvrbxq cywómvgmöx _ K wkï K ewâz K i Awbivc` cvwb, `ye j cqte e v Ges A ^v Ki cwi ek wkïg Zz I wkï iv M Ae`vb iv L wbf i hvm wnmv e ejv n Q, me P q mv cöwzk eqi 2006 mv j cö_g Rb w` bi Av MB 9.7 wgwjqb wkï gviv M Q 25 eqi Av M RvwZmsN wkï Znwej (BDwb md) hlb Ôwkï i v Av `vjbõ ïiæ K iwqj mgm vi ZxeªZv ZLbKvi P q Kg bq, hw`i msl vi A bk cwiez b n q Q Dbœqb m cö`v qi wkï i vi ez gvb iæz mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j 4 (GgwWwR 4) Gi m ½ m úk hy³ Gi D Ïk n Q 1990 _ K 2015 mv ji g a wek e vcx Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz i nvi `yb-z Zxqvs k Kwg q Avbv 1990 mv j wkï g Zz i cök Z msl v wqj 13 wgwjq bi KvQvKvwQ GgwWwR 4 AR bi A_ n jv ciez x mvz eq i wkï g Zz A a K Kwg q Avbv - A_ vr w` b 13,000 Gi Kg A_ev eq i 5 wgwjq bi Kg wkïi g Zz 1 GB P v j Äi wekvjzv K QvU K i `Lvi my hvm bb 1990 mvj _ K g Zz nvi Kgv bvi h MwZ wqj Zvi P q ewk MwZ Z 2008 _ K 2015 mv ji g a wek K wkï g Zz i msl v Kgv Z n e (`ªóe wpî 1.6, c ôv 7) ZvQvov, me P q KwVb cwiw wz I cvwic vwk K Ae vi Ici ewk iæz w` Z n e Gi g a Av Q MwieZg `k jvi me P q `wi`ª, wew Qbœ, wbi i I cövwšík Rjv I Rb Mvôx Avi Av Q GBWm, Ø ØmsNvZ, `ye j kvm bi Kvi Y Ges Rb ^v c wz I AeKvVv gv Z ch vß wewb qvm bv niqvi Kvi Y weaÿ Í RvwZmg~n cöpwjz Ges wbqgvwdk Kvh μg wkïi ^v welqk mnmªv ãi Dbœqb jÿ AR b G Kev ib Ach vß GwU AZ ší cwi vi Kej ^v GgwWwR jv Z me P q wcwq q cov Avwd«Kvi Dcmvnviv A ji `k jv ZB bq, `wÿy Gwkqvi Ges Dbœqbkxj wek Ry o ek wkqz ` ki Ae v GKB hw` ez gvb aviv ervq _v K, Zvn j 2015 mv j 4.3 wgwjqb wkïi g Zz n e hvi d j GgwWwR 4 AR b e vnz n e (`ªóe wpî 1.1, c ôv 2) AvšÍR vwzk G RÛvi cövy K `ª wkï `i Bmÿ jv Zz j aivi iæz we epbv K i wek wkï cwiw wz 2008 1980 `k Ki cö_g w` K ïiæ Kiv cöwzcv` welq jv wdwi q Avb Q GLbKvi g Zv ZLbI BDwb md I Gi Aswk`viiv GKwU wbw` ó mg qi g a wkï g Zz A a K Kwg q Avbvi cö Póvq wb qvwrz wqj GLbKvi g Zv ZLbI BDwb md wkï g Zz nvi n«vm I wkï ^v i DbœwZ Z mnr, Kvh Ki, A_ -mvkªqx, ev ÍevbyM mgvavb I KŠkj cö Íve K iwqj ZLbKvi g Zv GLbI ag xq bzv _ K ï f Qv`~Z, gqi _ K iv óªi cöavb, μxov ZviKv _ K msm` m`m, ckvrxex msmvb _ K kªwgk BDwbqb A_ vr me Í ii gvby li 1

Kv Q Av e`b Kiv n Q wkï i v I Dbœqb Av `vj b kwik n Z 1980-i `k K BDwb m di KvR cövqkb wqj wbtm½, AvR mlv b wkï `i ^v _ wb ew`z I mwμq e nr GK Kg cwiwai Ask wnmv e wkïi AwaKvi iÿvq wjß BDwb md `yb `k Ki ewk mgq a i M o IVv Askx`vwiZ AvR Ki cwiewz Z cwiw wz Z RwUjZi mgm v gvkv ejvq KvR Ki Q Z e mgvav bi Rb RwUj c wzmz I mvgvwrk-mvs wzk AviI cwiez b `ikvi, wkï i v Av `vj bi cwziv hzuv cwiez b P qwq jb ZviI P q ewk wek wkï cwiw wz 2008 n Q GKwU msw ß Lmov hv Askx`vwiZ Ges wkïi Aw ÍZ I ^v wb q mv cöwzk `kk jvi AwfÁZv I AwfMg bi dj GB cöwz e`b ïiæ n q Q wkïi Aw ÍZ i v Ges cöv_wgk ^v mevi Ae v ch v jvpbvi ga w` q Ges G Z wkï wpî: 1.1 mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j 4 AR bi mydj Ges j cušqv Z e _ n j Zvi LmviZ * hw` Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz i evrmwik ez gvb nvib Ae vnz _v K Zv n j 2015 mv j Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkïi GB cwigvy evowz g Zz n e ** 1990 mv j Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkïg Zz i nvi `yb-z Zxqvsk Kgv bvi K_v ejv n qwqj Zvi wfwë Z GgwWwR 4 AwR Z n j 2006 mv ji Zzjbvq 2015 mv j wkï g Zz K g Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz i msl v Ggb `uvov e m~î: cwimsl vb mviwy 1 Ges 10, c 114 Ges 150 Gi Ici wfwë K i BDwb md GB wnmve ˆZwi K i Q Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz i nvi: wkï ^v i Acwinvh gvb`ð Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz i nvi mpvipi BD5GgAvi (Under-five mortality rate) GB msw ß kãiƒc A_ev mnrfv e wkï g Zz nvi e j cwiwpz GUv cöwz GK nvrvi RxweZ R b Rb gyn~z _ K wvk c~y cuvp eq ii g a g Zz i m ve Zv cökvk K i mvaiyfv e wkïi Kj vy Ges we klfv e wkï ^v i gvbcwigvck wnmv e Gi e env i A bk myweav i q Q cö_gz, GUv Dbœqb cöwμqvi DcKiY ev BbcyU cwigvc bv K i djvdj ev AvDUKvg cwigvc K i hgb, g_vwcqy K vjwi cövc Zv ev cöwz 1,000 RbmsL vi Rb wpwkrm Ki msl v - G jvi meb n Q wel qi j ÿ cušqv bvi c ÿ mnvqk wøzxqz, e vck ai bi DcKi Yi dj n Q BD5GgAvi Gig a i q Q: cywó Ae v I gv q `i ^v Ávb; wukv`v bi e vwß I LvIqvi m vjvb ji e envi; gvz I wkï ^v mevi (Rb -c~e ez x mev) cövc Zv; cwiev ii Avq I Lv` cövc Zv; wbivc` cvbxq Rj I gšwjk cqtmyweav; Ges Ab vb wel qi m ½ mvgmöxkfv e wkïi Rb wbivc` cwi ek Z ZxqZ, gv_vwcqy Mo RvZxq Avq (gv_v wcqy wrgbavb) ev GB ai bi Mo wnmv ei cözviyv BD5GgAvi G bb Gi KviY, cövk wzk wbq gb abx cwiev ii wkïi eu P _vkvi m vebv 1,000 Y e w cvevi Kv bv my hvm bb, hw`i gbyl m ó Kvi Y Zv `i Avq 1,000 Y ewk n ji n Z cv i Ab K_vq, msl vjny awbk kªbxi c RvZxq BD5GgAvi K cöfvwez Kiv A bk ewk KwVb Ges m Kvi Y GKev i mwvk bv n ji msl vmixô wkïi ^v wpî (Ges mvgmöxkfv e mgv RiI) Zz j aivi Î BD5GgAvi A bk wbf yj `Lyb Z_ cäx, c ôv 104 2 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

g Zz i MwZavivi Ici ` pfv e iæz v ivc Kiv n q Q Gici cöwz e`bwu MZ kzvãx Z wkïi eu P _vkvi e _ Zv I mdjzvi wk v jv g~j vqb K i Q me P q m vebvgq wkqy AwfMg bi w` K ` wó `Iqv GB cöwz e` bi K `ªxq welq hvi g a i q Q: KwgDwbwU Askx`vwiZ, avivevwnk mev KvVv gv Ges djvdj K `ªxK ^v -c wz kw³kvjxkiy hv Z AZ vek Kxq Kg KvÐ _ K ez gv b ev`cov gv, bervzk I wkïi Kv Q ^v mev cušqvq jvd w` q AMÖMwZi ev Íe cš v evz j `evi Rb GB cöwz e`b wewfbœ `k I A ji mdj D`vniY iæz mnkv i Zz j a i Q Ges GKB mv _ m jvi cömv ii Î g~j P v jä jv LwZ q ` L Q Kb wkïi Aw ÍZ iæz c~y GKwU wkïi g Zz Z h e`bv I fvmvwší e q Av b Zvi P q MfxiZi Kvi Y wkï ^v i Rb wewb qvm Zvrch c~y gšwjk ^v mev _ K ewâz Ki j Ges e w I Dbœq bi Rb cö qvrbxq cywó bv w` j wkïi Rxeb K e _ Zvi w` K V j `Iqv nq wkš wkïiv h _ó cywó c j, Zv `i hzœ wb j Ges Zv `i Rb wbivc` I DÏxcbvgq cwi e ki e e v Ki j Zv `i eu P _vkvi m vebv ev o, ivm Kg nq, Amȳ Zv n«vm cvq Ges Zv `i wpšívkw³, fvlv, Av em I mvgvwrk ` Zv c~y gvîvq e w cvq hlb Zviv z j hvq Zv `i mdjzvi m vebv ewk _v K Rxe bi ciez x ch v q mgv Ri GKRb m`m wnmv e m Rbkxj I Drcv`bkxj n q IVvi Acvi m vebv _v K wkï `i Rb wewb qvm A_ bwzk ` wó KvY _ KI mywe epbvcöm~z wek e vs Ki fvl Abyhvqx, ez gv b Rb ^v i Kg Kv Ði g a me P q e qmvkªqx n jv wukv I wfuvgb G m ú ik wfuvwgb G cwiw wzi DbœwZ n j wkïi ivm cöwz iva gzv e w cvq Ges wkïi g Zz i Avk¼v K g hvq 2 mvgvb wewb qv M wkï K wfuvwgb G Gi ^ízv _ K Ges wwc _wiqv, ûwcskvwk, abyóskvi, cvwji, nvg, ˆkkeKvjxb h²v, ncvuvbwum we Ges wbd gvwbqv I gwbbrvbwum Gi cöavb KviY wne ( n gvwdjvm Bbd z qäv UvBc we) _ K i v Kiv hvq 3 KvwUª gv v Rvj bv gi Kg A_ g~ j i G vw Uev qvwuk GBPAvBwf c RwUf wkï K w` j Zv my hvmvkªqx msμgy _ K i v KÕ i bvukxqfv e wkï g Zz Kgvq wkïi ^v i DbœwZ I eu P _vkv wbwðz n j Zv fvimvg c~y RbmsL v ˆZwi Z Ae`vb iv L hlb wczv-gvzv wbwðz nq h Zv `i wkï eu P _vk e ZLb Zviv Kg wkï wb Z AvMÖnx nq Ges hviv Av Q Zv `i Rb AwaKZi hzœ bq G Z GKwU `k cöwzwu wkïi Rb AviI ewk cwigv Y wewb qvm Ki Z cv i 4 gvz I wkï g Zz i AšÍwb wnz I KvVv gvmz KviY gv, bervzk I Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz Ges Acywói A bk jv AšÍwb wnz I KvVv gvmz mvaviy KviY i q Q Gi g a Av Q: AcÖZzj m ú` w` q cöwzwμqvnxb Ges ms wzmz Aby cvhy³fv e M o IVv ^v I cywó mev e e v Lv` wbivcëvnxbzv Aby cvhy³ Lv` Af vm ^v wewa bv gvbv Ges wbivc` cvwb I ch vß cqtmyweav bv _vkv bvix wbi izv Aí eq m Mf aviy `vwi`ª Ges fšmwjk I ivr bwzk cöwšíkzvi Kvi Y AZ vek Kxq ^v Ges cywó mev I mvgmöxi my hvm cövwß Z gv I wkïi Î ˆelg Ges Zv `i K ewâz Kiv Gme Kvi Y cöwz eqi j j gv I wkïi AevwÃZ g Zz N U Gme g Zz i e vck-we Í Z cök wz Ges m jvi AvšÍtm ú K i ˆewk ó i Kvi Y KwgDwbwU, cwievi, ^v mev cö`vbkvix, mikvi I AvšÍR vwzk cwigû j bvbv ch v q mgm v mgvav bi K_v fve Z n e m e v P Kvh KvwiZv I ewk gvby li Kv Q cušqv bvi Rb mgwš^zfv e Zv Ki Z n e G mg Í cöwzeükzvi mgvavb mycwiwpz, we kl K i h jv mivmwi gvz, bervzk I wkï g Zz i KviY cö qvrbxq Kg Kv Ði g a co e Mf KvjxY, R b i mgq, cöm ei ci A_ vr wkïi bvbv ch v q avivevwnk mevi Rb c v KR AvKv i AZ vek Kxq cöv_wgk ^v cwiph vi e e v Kiv Ges mb e e v hb wkïi Rxe bi iæz c~y cö_g eqi jvi Rb I we Í Z nq (avivevwnk mevi c~y msávi Rb c v bj, c ôv 17 `ªóe ) `Lyb Z_ cäx, c ôv 104 wkïi Aw ÍZ i v: Avgiv Kv_vq `uvwo q 3

bervz Ki Aw ÍZ 1990 Gi gvsvgvws _ K kl ch ší, bervzk (Rxe bi cö_g gvm) g Zz i msl v Kv bv mywbw` ó Rwi ci Ici wfwë bv K i Gi AvbygvwbK wnmve Kiv n Zv BwZnvm wbf i DcvË e envi K i bervzk g Zz i AviI e wbô wnmve cökvwkz nq 1995 Ges 2000 mv j KviY IB mgq Lvbv wfwëk Rwi ci wbf i hvm Z_ mnrcövc nq Hme Dcv Ëi we køly GUv cªgvy K i h, Av Mi wnmve jv mgm vi gvîv K gvivz Kfv e AbywjøwLZ i LwQj hw`i 1980 mvj _ K wek e vcx bervzk g Zz i nvi mvgvb n«vm c q Q, wkš bervzk g Zz nvi Zzjbvg~jKf e ewk iæz c~y n q D V Q Gi KviY bervzk g Zz nvi n«v mi MwZ cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx wkï g Zz nvi n«v mi P q Zzjbvg~jKfv e Kg 1980 _ K 2000 mv ji g a Rxe bi cö_g gv m g Zz GK-PZz_ vsk K g hvq, Ab w` K GKgvm _ K cuvp eqi eqmx wkïi g Zz K g GK-Z Zxqvsk me kl cövgvy Z _ `Lv hvq, 40 jÿ wkï cöwzeqi gviv hvq Rxe bi cö_g GK gv mi g a, Ges G `i A a K gviv hvq R b i 24 N Uvi g a - GK w` bi wkïi g Zz i Avk¼v GKgvm eqmx wkïi wpî 1.2 wek e vcx bervzk g Zz nvi, 2000 P q 500 MyY ewk cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx wkï g Zz i 40 kzvsk Ges AwZwkï (Bbd v U - GK eq ii Kg) g Zz i cövq 60 kzvsk n Q bervzk g Zz bervz Ki g Zz i me P q eo msl vwu `w Y Gwkqvq - c w_exi GK-PZz_ vsk g Zz N U fvi Z wkš bervzk g Zz i RvZxq nvi Avevi ewk Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv A j Gme g Zz i GKwU mvaviy KviY n jv gv qi ^v - cöwz eqi 500,000 gwnjv gviv hvq mšívb Rb w` Z wm q A_ev cöemkvjxb RwUjZvi Kvi Y; Ges hme wkïi gv cömekv j gviv hvq R b i cö_g eqi Zv `i g Zz i Avk¼v gv gviv hvqwb Ggb wkï `i P q A bk ewk GgbwK Gme cwimsl vbi bervz Ki ^v mswkøó mgm vi e vckzv mwvkfv e cökvk K i bv hgb, k vmkó wb q Rb v bv 10 j ÿi ewk wkï cöwzeqi mwieªvj cvjwm, kªey cöwzewüzv Ges AviI bvbv ai bi cöwzewüzvq AvμvšÍ nq cöwz GKRb bervz Ki D ëvwc V i q Q AviI 20wU wkïi Rb Kvjxb AvNvZ, wbw` ó mg qi c~ e f~wgô niqvi Kvi Y m ó RwUjZv Ges Ab vb bervz ^v msμvší RwUjZvi Kvwnbx bervz Ki ^v i iæz c~y DbœwZ wbf i K i R b i Av M, cömekv j Ges R b i cicib gv I wkïi Rb M nxz AZ vek Kxq c` ci Ici me kl 2000-2006 Gi wnmve Abyhvqx, ez gv b Dbœqbkxj we k GK-PZz_ vsk Mf ezx gwnjvi Mf Kv j GKev ii Rb I ` ^v Kg xi (wpwkrmk, bvm, avîx) cwiph v cviqvi my hvm nq bv; gvî 59 kzvsk R b i mgq ` ^v Kg xi mnvqzv cviqv hvq; Ges A a Ki mvgvb ewk cöme nq ^v K `ª wkï g Zz nvi Kgv Z n j bervz Ki g Zz i MwZ e`jv bv Acwinvh 2005 mv j cökvwkz w` j vb mu Gi bervz Ki Rxeb i v msμvší avivevwn K wnmve `Lv bv n qwqj h, cöwzeqi 40 jv Li g a 30 jv Li g Zz iva Kiv m e Gi Rb cixw Z Dcvq jvi c v KR e env ii AvIZv (90 kzvsk) evov Z n e; A_ -mvkªqx KvR jv gvv Kg x Ges cwievi I KwgDwbwUi gva g Ges mev cö`v b mÿg wk wb Ki gva g avivevwnk cwiph vi (Rb c~e, Rb Kv j I Rb ciez x) e e v Ki Z n e ` mev e w i cö qvrbxqzv _vk ji cökvwkz avivevwn K ga ez x mgvav bi Ici iæz `Iqv nq Zv Z KwgDwbwU e e vi g a B 40 kzvsk bervz Ki Rxeb i v Kiv m e e j AwfgZ cökvk Kiv nq gv _ K wkï Z msμwgz GBPAvBwf cöwz iv a Kg m~wpi cömvii Lye Riæwi welq wnmv e wpwýz nq m~î: wek ^v ms v, iæz c~y Rb wbeüb c wz Ges Lvbv Rwi ci Z_ e envi K i Q 2000 mv ji bervz Ki g Zz nv ii `k I AÂj wfwëk DcvË cviqv hv e GB cöwz e` bi cwimsl vb mviwy 1, c ôv 144 Z bervz Ki Rxeb i vq Ggb Kvg KvÐ `ikvi hvi g a _vk e cögvywfwëk e e v Ges RvZxq ch v q djvdj wfwëk cwikíbv G Z `wi`ªzg `i Kv Q cušqv bv, ewk A_ vqb, bervzk g Zznvi n«v mi j gvîv AR bi KŠkjI _vk e Ges AvšÍR vwzk ch v qi Askx`vi `i g a e nëi mgš^q I Revew`wnZvI Gi AvIZvq co e 4 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

wpî: 1.3 avivevwnk gvz I wkï ^v mev e e vi g a wkïi Rxeb i vq mnr c` ÿ ci Kvi Y eo ai bi jvf * we` gvb e e vi g a DbœZi ^v mev I wbgœ g Zz nv ii j evowz Kg KvÐ ** wkqy e e vq D ~Z cwiw wz Z n Í ci `ikvi nq, hgb hme GjvKvq g v jwiqvi cö Kvc ewk UxKv: GB wp Î 16 wu Kg Kv Ði K_v ejv n q Q, bervz Ki g Zz n«v m G jvi Kvh KvixZv cövgvwyz GB mg q cö qvrb nq Ggb AviI wkqy iæz c~y Kg KvÐ i q Q h jv GLv b D jøl Kiv nqwb, KviY bervz Ki g Zz Z m jvi Kv bv cöv_wgk f~wgkv bb ( hgb: gv _ K wkï Z GBPAvBwf msμgy iva) we` gvb e e vi wfbœzvi Kvi Y mev `v bi mgq ZvwjKvfy³ Kg KvÐMy jvi ni di n Z cv i m~î: w` j vb mu wmwir `j, Ôw` j vb mu wmwir Ab wbi buvj nj_ Gw wkdwuf mvgvwiõ, w` j vb mu, 3 gvp 2005, c. 3 `Lyb Z_ cäx, c ôv 104 wkïi Aw ÍZ i v: Avgiv Kv_vq `uvwo q 5

wukv I Acywói m ú~ik ivm I Amȳ Zvq A_ -mvkªqx I Rxeb iÿvkvix cöwz iva e e v ZvwRwK Ív bi GKwU wkï K wfuvwgb G `Iqv n Q UNICEF/HQ04-0675/Giacomo Pirozzi msl v wkï g Zz i evrmwik wnmve me cö_g cviqv wm qwqj 1960 mv j IB eqi hz wkï gviv wm qwqj Zvi P q A bk Kg wkï GLb gviv hvq cök Z c MZ 46 eq i evrmwik wkï g Zz i msl v A a K b g G m Q 1960 mv ji 20 wgwjqb _ K wkï g Zz i msl v K g 2006 mv j 10 wgwjq bi wb P G m `uvwo q Q mv cöwzk eqi jv Z wkïi eu P _vkvi Î iæz c~y Ges wkqz Î ` óvšíg~jk AMÖMwZ `Lv M Q h _ó cwigv Y evav-wecwë m Ë I - Gi g a me P q D jøl hvm n Q c~e I `w Y Avwd«Kvq GBWm Gi cöpû AvμgY Ges D P g Zz nv ii `k jv Z cvi úwik Ø Ø - 1990 mvj _ K wek e vcx wkï g Zz i nvi wbqwgzfv e n«vm c q Q 2006 mv j 1,000 RxweZ R b wkï g Zz i msl v wqj 72 hv 1990 mv ji wnmve _ K 23 kzvsk Kg we k i Kv bv Kv bv A j wkï g Zz i nvi 1990 mv ji Zzjbvq j Yxqfv e n«vm c q Q c~e Gwkqv I cökvší gnvmvmixq AÂj, ga I c~e BD ivc Ges KgbI qj&_fy³ ^vaxb `kmg~n (wmbb/wmavbgm), Ges jvwzb Av gwikv I K vwiexq A j wkï g Zz i nvi gvuvgywufv e A a K b g G m Q 2006 mv j Gi cöwzwu A j Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz i nvi wqj 1,000 RxweZ R b 30 Gi Kg wkš wk ívbœz ` ki wbgœ nv ii (2006 mv j 1,000 RxweZ R b 6) m ½ Zvj wgjv Z n j AviI A bk AMÖMwZ wpî: 1.4 1990 _ K 2006 mv ji g a wek e vcx wkï g Zz nvi cövq GK-PZz_ vsk K g hvq wpî: 1.5 2006 mv j Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz i msl v wqj 10 wgwjq bi wkqy Kg m~î: BDwb md, wek ^v ms v, RvwZms Ni RbmsL v wefvm Ges RvwZms Ni cwimsl vb wefvm `k I A ji cwimsl vb GB cöwz e` bi cwimsl vb mviwy 1 Ges 10, c ôv 114 Ges 150 Z i q Q 6 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

`ikvi GB wzbwu AÂ j cöwz 36 Rb wkïi gvî GKRb gviv hvq eqm cuvp eqi niqvi Av M Ab AÂj jv Av iv wcwq q Av Q ga cövp I DËi Av gwikvq wkï g Zz i nvi Kgv bvi Î wbqwgz AMÖMwZ n ji 2006 mv j AÂj `ywu Z Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz i nvi wqj 1,000 RxweZ R b 46, A_ vr cuvp eqi c~y nevi c~ e cöwz 22wU wkïi GKwU gviv hvq `w Y Gwkqvi Ae vii DbœwZ n Q hw`i mg Í AÂ ji g a GB AÂj Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz i nv ii Î wøzxq m e v P Ae v b i q Q c w_ex Z hz wkïi g Zz N U Zvi 32 kzvsk GB AÂ j 1990 mv j cuvp eqi c~y nevi c~ e cöwz AvUwU wkïi GKwU gviv hz, 2006 mv j mb AbycvZ K g cöwz 12 R b GKRb G m `uvwo q Q Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv AÂj me P q mgm v KewjZ GjvKv wnmv e GLbI i q M Q GB AÂ j wkï g Zz i nvi me P q ewk, M o cöwz QqR b GKRb gviv hvq cuvp eqi c~y nevi Av M wkï g Zz i evsv Kgv bvi Î 1990 mvj _ K GB GjvKvq me P q Kg AMÖMwZ n q Q 1990 _ K 2006 mv ji g a wkï g Zz i evsv gvî 14 kzvsk K g Q GB AÂ ji ek wkqy ` k Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz nvi GLbI e w cv Q 2006 mv j Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkïi me ai bi g Zz i 49 kzvsk N UwQj Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv AÂ j, hw`i mviv we k i gvî 22 kzvsk wkï Rb bq GB AÂ j wkïi Aw ÍZ i v Ges mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j GgwWwR 4 AR b c w_exi A a K AÂ j AMÖMwZ Ach vß mvwe Kfv e wkïi eu P _vkvi Î AR b jv m šívlrbk n ji GgwWwR 4 AR b ek wkqy AÂj wcwq q Av Q j AR b mwvk c _ Av Q ga cövp, DËi Avwd«Kv, `w Y Gwkqv Ges Avwd«Ki Dc-mvniv (c~e I `w Y Dfq AÂj Ges cwðg I ga Dc-AÂjmg~n) GB PiwU AÂj wkš Gme AÂ ji wkï g Zz nvi Kgv bvi Î AMÖMwZ m šívlrbk bq `k f ` wgkª m vebv `Lv hv Q 1990 _ K 2006 mv ji g a BDwb md we k i 191wU ` ki wkï g Zz i ch vß DcvË Zzjbv K i ` L Q wpî: 1.6 GgwWwR 4 AR bi Rb wek e vcx wkïg Zz Kgv bvi ÿ Î Ach vß AMÖMwZ* 1990-2006 mgqkv j Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkïg Zz nvi (BD5GgAvi) Gi ÿ Î evrmwik Mo nªv mi nvi (GGAviAvi) cwiez b Ges GgwWwR 4 AR b 2007-2015 Gi cö qvrb BD5GgAvi GGAviAvi 1,000 RxweZ R b g Zz msl v mgqkvj cvjb % cö qvrb % 1990 2006 1990-2006 2007-2015 GgwWwR AR b AMÖMwZ Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv AÂj 187 160 1.0 10.5 Ach vß AMÖMwZ c~e I `wÿy Avwd«Kv 165 131 1.4 9.6 Ach vß AMÖMwZ cwðg I ga Avwd«Kv 208 186 0.7 11.0 Kv bv AMÖMwZ nqwb ga cövp I DËi Avwd«Kv 79 46 3.4 6.2 Ach vß AMÖMwZ `wÿy Gwkqv 123 83 2.5 7.8 Ach vß AMÖMwZ c~e Gwkqv I cökvší gnvmvmixq AÂj 55 29 4.0 5.1 wvk c _ Av Q j vwub Av gwikv I K vwiexq AÂj 55 27 4.4 4.3 wvk c _ Av Q wmbb/wmavbgm 53 27 4.2 4.7 wvk c _ Av Q wk ívbœz `k/aâjmg~n 10 6 3.2 6.6 wvk c _ Av Q Dbœqbkxj `k/aâjmg~n 103 79 1.7 9.3 Ach vß AMÖMwZ wek 93 72 1.6 9.4 Ach vß AMÖMwZ *GgwWwR 4 AR bi AMÖMwZ Z `k jv K kªbxe Kiv n q Q wb Pi m~î jvi wfwë Z: wvk c _ Av Q - BD5GgAvi 40 Gi Kg A_ev BD5GgAvi 40 ev Zvi ewk Ges 1990 _ K 2006 mvj ch ší Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkïg Zz evrmwik nªv mi Mo nvi (GGAviAvi) 4.0 kzvsk ev Zvi ewk Ach vß AMÖMwZ - BD5GgAvi 40 ev Zvi Kg ewk Ges 1990-2006 mgqkv j GGAviAvi wqj 1.0 Ges 3.9 kzvs ki g a Kv bv AMÖMwZ nqwb - BD5GgAvi 40 ev Zvi Kg ewk Ges 1990-2006 mgqkv j GGAviAvi wqj 1.0 kzvs ki Kg m~î: B UviG RwÝ PvBì gu vwjwu Gw gkb MÖ ci Kv Ri Ici wfwë K i BDwb m di wnmve wkïi Aw ÍZ i v: Avgiv Kv_vq `uvwo q 7

wpî: 1.7 ^ ívbœz 50 wu ` ki cövq GK-Z Zxqsk 1990 mvj _ K Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz i nvi 40 kzvsk ev Zvi ewk n«vm Ki Z mg_ n q Q ^ ívbœz `k wkï g Zz i me P q wbkuez x KviYmg~n BD5GgAvi-G kzkiv n«v mi nvi m~î: BDwb md, wek ^v ms v, RvwZms Ni RbmsL v wefvm Ges RvwZms Ni cwimsl vb wefvm `k I AÂ ji cwimsl vb GB cöwz e` bi cwimsl vb mviwy 1 Ges 10, c ôv 114 Ges 150 Z i q Q Kvb ` k I AÂ j cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx weivu msl vk wkï gviv hv Q Zv GLb mk jib Rvbv Ges cöavb wbkuez x Kvb Kvb KviY AcwiYZ g Zz Ges `ye j ^v i Rb `vqx ZvI fv jvfv e wpwýz n q Q cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx wkï g Zz i cövq 40 kzvsk N U bervzkkv j, R b i GK gv mi g a bvbv ai bi RwUjZvi Kvi Y (c v bj `ªóe, c ôv 4) bervzk g Zz i 26 kzvs ki - cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx wkï g Zz i 10 kzvsk - KviY gvivz K msμgy GB msμg Yi GKwU eo As ki KviY wbd gvwbqv Ges mcwmm ev cpb (i³ evwnz GKwU gvivz K msμgy, hv G vw Uev qvwuk w` q wpwkrmv Kiv nq) cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx cövq 20 jvl wkï cöwz eqi wbd gvwbqvq gviv hvq - wek e vcx cöwz cuvpr b GKRb GQvovI cövq 10 jvl wkï m` RvZKvjxb wbd gvwbqvmn Ab vb gvivz K msμg Y gviv hvq 1980 mvj _ K Ae vi A bk DbœwZi nevi cii cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx wkïi 17 kzvsk gviv hvq Wvqwiqv-RwbZ iv M g v jwiqv, nvg I GBWm mw wjzfv e 15 kzvsk wkï g Zz i Rb `vqx A bk KviY I ivm GKwÎZ n q wkïg Zz nvi evwo q `q, Gi m ½ Ach vß cywó hvm n q 50 kzvsk wkï g Zz i KviY NUvq Awbivc` cvwb, ^v wewa g b bv Pjv Ges Ach vß cqtmyweav wpî: 1.8 wek e vcx Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz i wbw` ó KviYmg~n Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkïg Zz i 50 kzvsk n Q Acywói dj m~î: wek ^v ms v Ges BDwb md ïay Wvqwiqv-RwbZ iv Mi cö Kvc e w B K i bv, G jv wbd gvwbqv, m` RvZ wkïi cöwzeüxz Ges Ach vß cywói Kvi Y msnwuz g Zz Z iæz c~y mnvq Ki f~wgkv cvjb K i `Lyb Z_ cäx, c ôv 104 8 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

129wU `k mwvk c _ Av Q Gme `k 1,000 RxweZ R b wkïg Zz 40 Gi wb P bvwg q Q, A_ev Zviv 1990 mvj _ K wkï g Zz nvi eq i M o 3.9 kzvsk nv i Kwg q Q - ev ejv hvq wkïg Zz nvi Kgv bvi Î Zviv BwZg a 2015 mv ji j AR b K i Q cövq 18 kzvsk ev 35wU `k AMÖMwZ Ki Q wkš GgwWwR 4 cwic~y fv e I mwvk mg q AR b Zv h _ó bq me P q D ØMRbK cwiw wz Z _vkv 27 wu `k 1990 mvj _ K `ye j AMÖMwZi wnmve K i Q Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz nvi Gme ` k nq AcwiewZ Z Ae vq Av Q A_ev 1990 mv ji P q nvi e o Q Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv A ji 46wU ` ki g a ïaygvî Kc fv `, BwiwÎqv Ges wmwmwjm GgwWwR 4 AR bi mwvk c _ Av Q cövq A a K ` ki wnmv e `Lv hvq wkï g Zz i nv i 1990 mvj _ K Ae vi Kv bv cwiez b nqwb A_ev e w c q Q 1990-2006 mgqkv j mvgmöxkfv e GB AÂj wkï g Zz nvi eq i M o 1 kzvsk K i Kgv Z c i Q GgwWwR AR b Ki Z PvB j GB AÂj K evwk mg qi cöwzeqi wkï g Zz i nvi `k kzvsk ev Z ZvwaK nv i Kgv Z n e 5 wkï i vi Î `k f ` P v jä G KK ikg, m `n bb h Kv iv mgm v nq Zv A b i wø Y Z e D jøl hvm AR b jv GUvB wb ` k K i h, wkïi Rxeb i vq fšmwjk Ae vb Kv bv AšÍivq bq nq Zv me P q iæz c~y n Q, we k i `wi`ªzg `k jvi g a Ges Dbœqbkxj A ji K qkwu ` k GB mvdj AwR Z n q Q hv wpî 1.7 G ey bv Kiv n q Q GB AR b jv GUvB wb ` k K i h, fšmwjk Ae vb Ges Av_ -mvgvwrk AbMÖmiZvi g Zv evav _vkv m Ë I wpî: 1.9 ^v Ges mnmªvã Dbœqb j mg~n j ^v m úwk Z Uv M U ^v m~pk j 1 Pig `vwi`ª I z`v wbimb j 4 wkï g Zz nvi n«vm j 5 gvz ^v i DbœwZ j 6 GBPAvBwf I GBWm, g v jwiqv Ges Ab vb ivm j 7 UKmB cwi ek wbwðz KiY j 8 Dbœq bi Rb ˆewk K Askx`vwiZ M o Zvjv Uv M U 2 1990 _ K 2015 mv ji g a zav wcwoz gvby li msl v A a K Kwg q Avbv Uv M U 5 1990 _ K 2015 mv ji g a Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz i nvi `yb-z Zxqvsk Kwg q Avbv Uv M U 6 1990 _ K 2015 mv ji g a gvz g Zz i AbycvZ wzb-pzz_ vsk Kwg q Avbv Uv M U 7 2015 mvj bvmv` GBPvBwf/GBWm Gi we Ívi _vwg q `Iqv Ges cwiw wz wecixz Kiv Uv M U 8 2015 mvj bvmv` g v jwiqv I Ab vb iv Mi we Ívi _vwg q `Iqv Ges cwiw wz wecixz Kiv Uv M U 10 2015 mvj bvmv` wbivc` cvwb I gšwjk m vwb Ukb myweav ewâz gvby li msl v A a K Kiv Uv M U 10 2020 mvj bvmv` AšÍZ 100 wgwjqb ew Íevmxi Rxebgv bi Zvrch c~y DbœwZ Kiv Uv M U 17 DbœqYkxj `k jv Z Ilya Kv úvwb jvi mn hvwmzvq AZ vek Kxq Ilya myj f cövwßi my hvm ˆZwi Kiv m~î: wek ^v ms v, ^v I mnmªvã Dbœqb j mg~n, R bfv, 2005, c 11 _ K M nxz Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï `i g a Kg-IRb _vkvi cö Kvc me wbgœ ch v qi Lv` kw³ MnYKvix RbmsL vi AbycvZ Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkïg Zz nvi wkï g Zz nvi nv gi wukv cviqv GK eq ii ewk eqmx wkïi AbycvZ gvz g Zz nvi cömekv j ` ^v Kg xi mnvqzv cviqvi AbycvZ 15-24 eqi eqmx Mf ezx gv q `i g a GBPAvBwfi cö Kvc Rb wbqš Y c wz e env ii nv ii g a KbWg e env ii AbycvZ 10-14 eqi eqmx `i g a we` vjqmvgx GwZg I GwZg-bq Ggb wkï `i AbycvZ g v jwiqvi cö Kvc I g Zz nvi g v jwiqvi Su ywk cöey GjvKvq Kvh Ki g v jwiqv cöwz iva I wpwkrmv myweav cviqv RbmsL vi AbycvZ mivmwi ch e Yi gva g ^í gqv`x wpwkrmv c wzi (WUm) AvIZvq h²v ivmx kbv³ I wbivg qi nvi kni I MÖvgxY GjvKvq DbœZ cvwbi Drm e envikvix RbmsL vi AbycvZ kni I MÖvgxY GjvKvq DbœZ m vwb Ukb e envikvix RbmsL vi AbycvZ UKmBfv e myj f AZ vek Kxq Ily ai myweav cövß RbmsL vi AbycvZ wkïi Aw ÍZ i v: Avgiv Kv_vq `uvwo q 9

wbd gvwbqv: fy j hviqv wkï NvZK h Kv bv iv Mi P q wbd gvwbqv GKvB ewk wkï K nz v K i; GBWm, g v jwiqv Ges nvg mw wjzfv e hz wkïi g Zz NUvq Zvi P qi ewk cöwzwu A j GwU wkï g Zz i GKwU cöavb KviY wbd gvwbqv AvμvšÍ wkïi bvbv DcmM `Lv `q, eqm I msμg Yi ZviZ g i Kvi Y Dcm M ii cv_ K nq mvaviy Dcm M i g a Av Q: `ªæZ I RwUj k vm-cök vm, Kvwk, R i, kix ii Kuvcybx, gv_v e _v, zav n«vm I k vmkó AwZwkï `i gvivz K wbd gvwbqv n j wlpzwb, nvb cv_viwgqv, Aemv` ˆZwi nq Ges Zv `i LvIqv bv Z mgm v n Z cv i ˆkkeKv j wbd gvwbqv Ges g v jwiqvi Dcm M mv` k `Lv w` Z cv i e j KwgDwbwU Z Kvh Ki e e vcbv Ges mev cö`v bi m ve Zv hvpvb qi cö qvrb Av Q Kvh Z cöwzwu wkïi Î D PgvÎvi R i, Kvwk ev `ªæZ k vm-cök vm wbd gvwbqv bv-wk g jwiqvi j Y Zv ejv Am e n q DV Z cv i Ges G Î wkï mvaviyz `ywu iv MiB wpwkrmv cvq wkïi wbd gvwbqv n j, cwiph vkvix K Aek B DcmM wpb Z n e Ges Zvr wykfv e mwvk cwiph vi e e v Ki Z n e ^v evb wkï `i cök wzmzfv e cöwz iva gzv _v K hv Zv `i ürwcû K wbd gvwbqvi g~j RxevYy _ K myi v `q Acyó wkïiv we kl K i hviv wbweofv e ey Ki `ya cvqwb A_ev Ach vß ` Ív ev wrsk c q Q, ev wvk g Zv wukv bqwb Zv `i wbd gvwbqv niqvi Su ywk A bk ewk Ab iv M AvμvšÍ, hgb nvg ev GBAvBwf msμg Yi PvB ZI wkï `i wbd gvwbqv AvμvšÍ niqvi Avk¼v ewk NbemwZc~Y N i emevm, a~gcvqx wczv-gvzv A_ev M ni g a evqy `~ly cwi ekmz Gme KviYI wkï `i wbd gvwbqvq AvμvšÍ n Z mnvqzv K i wkï g Zz i msl v Kgv Z n j wbd gvwbqv wbivg qi g Zv wbd gvwbqv cöwz ivai mgvb Riæwi wkïi Rb cöavb cöwz ivag~jk e e v n Q ch vß cywó (Gig a Av Q ïaygvî ey Ki `ya LvIqv bv, wfuvwgb G m ú~ik Ges ` Ívi ev wrsk-gi hvmvb), N ii ga Kvi evqy `~ly Kgv bv mb m ½ wukv`v bi gva g wukvi nvi evov bv `ikvi hv wbd gvwbqvi Rb mivmwi `vqx Ggb msμgy cöwz iva K i, hgb n gvwdjvm Bbd z qäv UvBc we (wne) wukv mb msμgyi cöwz iva K i hv RwUj n q (nvg I cvu ywmm) wbd gvwbqvq cwiyz nq DbœqYkxj we k i wkï `i gvivz K wbd gvwbqv niqvi cöavb KviY ªc UvK vm wbd gvwb q Gi nvz _ K i vi j wkï I Kg eqmx ev Pv `i Rb μgvš^ q wukv`v bi cwigvy evov Z n e DbœqYkxj we k i wkï `i GKwU eo Ask e vk Uwiqv-RvZ gvivz K wbd gvwbqvq - cöavbz ªc UvK vm wbd gwb q A_ev n gvwdjvm Bbd z qäv - AvμvšÍ nq G jv N i e m Kg `vgx G vw Uev qvwuk w` q Kvh Kifv e wpwkrmv Kiv hvq, Z e cwievi I mevcö`vbkvix h civgk ev cöwk Y wb q Q Zv g b Pj Z n e I mwvkfv e wpwkrmv Ki Z n e Ges cö qvrb n j Avevi cigk wb q Avm Z n e GB mg Í kz c~iy n j DbœqYkxj we k i D`vniY _ K `Lv M Q, KwgDwbwUwfwËK wbd gvwbqv e e vcbv AZ ší Kvh Kix f~wgkv cvjb Ki Z cv i ZvÄvwbqv mshy³ cörvzš mn mvzwu ` ki bqwu M elyvi AbymÜv b KwgDwbwUwfwËK wbd gvwbqv e e vcbvi cöfve we køl Y `Lv M Q, G Z wbd gvwbqvrwbz g Zz B ïay K g bv mvaviyfv e wkï g Zz K g hvq cix v Pvjv bvi mgq wkï g Zz 26 kzvsk Ges wbd gvwbqvrwbz g Zz 37 kzvsk n«vm c qwqj `Lyb Z_ cäx, c ôv 104 wpî: 1.10 wbd gvwbqv m ` n cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx A a Ki ewk wkï K mwvk ^v mev cö`vbkvixi Kv Q biqv nq *Pxb GB wnmv ei evb i ** wbw` ó mgqkv j me mv cöwzk eq i cövß DcvË e envi Kiv n q Q m~î: RbmsL v I ^v Rwic, gvwë cj BwÛ KUi K v vi mv f Ges Ab vb RvZxq Rwic 10 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

D jøl hvm AMÖMwZ m e hw` wkïi DbœwZi c ÿ D`vniY, Dchy³ KŠkj, ch vß m ú`, ivr bwzk mw` Qv Ges j AR bi g bve wë - G jv K m PZbfv e mvrv bv hvq wpî: 1.11 me A ji g a `w Y Gwkqvq Acywói gvîv me P q ewk AviI ejv cö qvrb h, wkï g Zz I ^v Î bvukxq AMÖMwZ m e 1990 mvj _ K 60 wu `k Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz nvi 50 kzvs k Kwg q Avb Z m g n q Q ^v m úwk Z Ab vb GgwWwR AR b wgkª AMÖMwZ hw`i AvUwU mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j i me jv Z GwM q hviqvb wkïi eu P _vkv I Kj v Yi Rb iæz c~y Z e GgwWwR 4 Ges GgwWwR 1, 5, 6, 7 Ges 8 Gi wbw` ó wkqy jÿ Av Q h jv mivmwi wkïi ^v K cöfvwez K i GBme mywbw` ó j ÿ cuxqv bv M j wkïi Rxeb I wekv ki Î bvukxq dj cviqv m e cywógvb e w Kiv (GgwWwR 1) Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz i A a Ki AšÍwb wnz g~j KviY Acywó cywó Dbœqb I GgwWwR 1 AR bi D Ïk n Q `vwi`ª I zav n«vm Kiv Gi d j Wvqwiqv, wbd gvwbqv, g v jwiqv, GBPAvBwf Ges nvg _ K wkï g Zz i nvi Kg e Ges bervzk wkï g Zz i msl v n«vm cv e Ab K_vq, GgwWwR 4 AR bi c~e kz n Q gv qi I wkïi cywó evov bv GgwWwR 1 cwigv ci Rb e eüz gvb m~p Ki gva g Dbœqbkxj ` ki wkï `i g a weivrgvb Acywói mvgmöxk wpîwu cviqv hv Q bv GKwU m~pk zavi Ici iæz `q, Zv Z Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkïi Zzjbvg~jK IRb n«v mi cwigvc Kiv nq wkš G Z cywói ïaygvî GKwU w`kb Zz j aiv nq *wbw` ó mgqkv j me mv cöwzk eq i cövß DcvË e envi Kiv n q Q m~î: RbmsL v I ^v Rwic, gvwë cj BwÛ KUi K v vi mv f, wek ^v ms v Ges BDwb md `k I A ji DcvË GB cöwz e` bi cwimsl vb mviwy 2, c. 118 Z cviqv hv e D`vniY wnmv e ejv hvq, wfuvwgb G ^ízvi Kvi Y ivm cöwz iva c wz `ye j n q GKwU wkï gviv h Z cv i, evn Zt zav ev Kg-IRb hw` bvi _v K gv qi Mf Kvjxb Ae vq Ges wkïi R b i mgq ch vß cywó `ikvi R b i cicib ïaygvî gvz `y» wkï cywói DËg Drm hv G b `q kvixwik DËvc Ges ` p ivm cöwz iva wkïi e w Z I gv qi ^v i Ici jšn, wfuvwgb G Ges Av qvww bi g Zv Abycywói cömvp cöfve i q Q Î we k l, gvivz K Acywói mgq wbivgqg~jk mywbw` ó Lv ` ii civgk `Iqv nq Gme Lv` myjf Ges AZ ší Kvh Ki niqvi cii j j wkï I gv mme Lv ` i my hvm _ K ewâz A_ev Zv Z Af Í n Z cvi Q bv Dbœqbkxj we k i 30 kzvs ki ewk cwievi Av qvwwb hy³ jey Lvq bv 2005 mv j Rxe bi cö_g Qq gv m 60 kzvs ki ewk wkï wbweo gvz `y» cvb _ K ewâz wqj Ges 28 kzvsk wkï c~y gvîvq (`yb gvîvi) wfuvwgb G m ú~ik cvqwb gvz ^v i DbœwZ Kiv (GgwWwR 5) wkï g Zz nvi Kgv Z n j Mf ezx gv Ges cöm~wz gv qi ^v i DbœwZ Kiv LyeB Riæwi cöwz eqi 5 jÿ gwnjv gviv hvq Mf Kvjxb RwUjZvi Kvi Y Ges AviI A bk ewk gwnjv `xn Kvjxb `ye jzvq, hgb fm `i iv M fv M A_P ch vß gvz mevi gva g mn R G jv Gwo q hviqv m e GQvov, wkïi eu P _vkvi m vebv e w i Î gvz ^v i DbœwZ AZxe iæz c~y Ggb cögvy i q Q h, gv Av Q Ggb wkïi Zzjbvq gvz nxb wkïi `yb eqi eq m cušqv bvi Av MB g Zz i m vebv ewk 6 wkï g Zz i AšÍwb nxz KviY jv `~i Kivi Rb fwel r-gv qi ^v i DbœwZ Ges gvb m úbœ cörbb ^v mev `Iqv `ikvi Acywó Z _vkv gv AcwiYZ Ges wkïi Aw ÍZ i v: Avgiv Kv_vq `uvwo q 11

wpî: 1.12 wk ívbœz ` ki P q Dbœqbkxj ` k gvz g Zz i m vebv A bk A bk ewk *RvZxq Dcv Ëi m ½ mvgäm i L BDwb md, û, BDGbGdwcG Ges wek e vsk GB wnmve K i Q gvz g Zz i fyj Z _ i I ÎæwUc~Y kªbx web v mi mwvkfv e wpwnèz mgm v jvi wnmve Kivi Rb Ges hmg Í ` ki Kv bv DcvË bb Zv `i wnmve ˆZwi Rb GUv Kiv n q Q d j, RvZxq wnmv ei P q ` wómövn fv e Gi cv_ K i q Q wpî: 1.13 `w Y Gwkqv I Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv A j wbgœgv bi gvz ^v mev D Pnv i gvz g Zz i KviY *wbw` ó mgqkv j me mv cöwzk eq i cövß DcvË e envi Kiv n q Q bervzk mevi AvIZv - 15-49 eqi eqmx Mf ezx gwnjvi kzkiv nvi hviv GKevi AšÍZ ` ^v Kg xi (wpwkrmk, bvm ev avîx) mev c q Q cömekv j ` ^v Kg xi Dcw wz - ` ^v Kg xi (wpwkrmk, bvm ev avîx) Dcw wz Z cöm ei nvi cövwzôvwbk cöme - 15-49 eqi eqmx gwnjv `i kzkiv nvi hviv Rwic c~e `yb eq ii g a Ges ^v K `ª mšívb Rb w` q Q m~î: mviwy 8, bvix, GB cöwz e` bi c. 142 ^í IR bi wkï Rb w` Z cv i Mf ezx _vkv Kv j GKRb cöwkw Z ^v Kg xi mev ev civgk wb j AcwiYZ Rb Gov bv Ges bervz Ki abyóskv ii g Zv cövynvzx ivm _ K i v cviqv hvq hw` cömekvjxb Riæwi mev wb q GKRb ` cwiph vkvix mšívb Rb `Iqvi mgq Dcw Z _v K Zvn j gvz g Zz i Su ywk K g Ges cwiph vkvix cömekvjxb msμgy I RwUjZv cöwz iva I wpwkrmvq mvnvh Ki Z cv ib cöme ciez x mev bzzb gv K ey Ki `ya `Iqv Z DrmvwnZ I cö qvr b bervz Ki Ávb div Z Ges nvb cv_vwg qv I wbd gvwbqv cöwz iv a mvnvh K i gvz ^v i iæz Acwimxg we epbvq cövß Dcv Ë `Lv hvq gv q `i Rb ^v mevi my hvm kvpbxqfv e Ach vß me `k I A ji wnmv e `Lv hvq cöwz 4 R b 1 Rb Mf ezx gwnjv cömec~e mev cvq bv Ges 40 kzvs ki ewk gv ` ^v Kg xi mnvqzv QvovB mšívb Rb `q GBWm, g v jwiqv Ges Ab vb cöavb ivm gvkv ejv (GgwWwR 6) mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j 6 iæz `q g~jz GBPAvBwf/GBWm, g v jwiqv Ges Ab vb cöavb wkqy iv Mi weivu evsv n«vm Kivi Ici wkqy m~pk mywbw` ófv e wkï `i Ici iæz `q; Z e GQvovI wkï `i Ici eo ivm jvi cöz ev c iv cömvp cöfve i q Q GBPAvBwf msμwgz wkï `i A a Ki ewk gviv hv e `yeqi 7 eq mi Av MB, Ges 18 eq ii Kg eqmx 15 wgwjq bi ewk wkï GBWm iv M ev GBWm mswkøó Kvi Y evevgv qi GKRb K ev Dfq KB nvwi q Q Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz i 8 kzvs ki KviY g v jwiqv Ges 4 kzvs ki KviY nvg 12 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

GBPAvBwf Ges GBWm wek e vcx 15 eq ii Kg eqmx 2.3 wgwjqb wkï GBPAvBwf wb q emevm Ki Q, Ges 2006 mv j 530,000 wkï bzzb K i msμwgz n q Q GUv n q Q g~jz gv _ K wkïi ` n msμg Yi d j evwjkv `i GBPAvBwf msμg Yi Su ywk ewk, `ywu Kvi Y cö_gz kvixie Ëxq Ges wøzxqz cyiæl I Q j `i m ½ mvgvwrk-mvs wzk fvimvg nxb m úk GBWm Gi weiæ cö_g cöwzi v e e v n Q bzzb msμgy cwz iva Kiv ciez x cörb K i v Kivi GUvB m e vëg cš v Mf ezx gwnjv Kv bv Kvi Y GBPAvBwf msμwgz n j Ges Kv bv e e v bv wb j Mf Kv j, cömekv j ev ey Ki `ya LvIqv bvi mgq gv qi KvQ _ K bervz Ki kix i fvbivm msμwgz niqvi 35 kzvsk my hvm _v K 8 G vw U i UªvfvBivj Ilya w` q wpwkrmv fvbivm msμg Yi my hvm Kwg q `q Ges GBWm gnvgvix AvKv i Qwo q c o Q Ggb `k jv Z wkïg Zz i nvi cöwznz Kivi Rb GB wpwkrmv AZ vek Kxq GBPAvBwf AvμvšÍ wkïiv mwvk Ilya I h _vchy³ mev c j Aek B mȳ ^v i AwaKvix nq, hw`i `xn gqv ` Zuv `i eu P _vkvi m vebv GLbI AÁvZ 9 Ily ai gva g wpwkrmvi wbwðz mydj cövwß Ges mme Ily ai g~j Kg niqvi cii 2005 mv j `Lv M Q wbgœ I ga Av qi `k jvi gvî 11 kzvsk Mf ezx gwnjv bervz Ki GBPAvBwf fvbivm msμgy cöwz iv a Ilya I mev c q Q 2006 mv ji cöv_wgk wnmv e `Lv M Q, (hw`i GB cöwz e`b cökvk ch ší m wnmve cökvwkz nqwb) 2006 mv j mevi AvIZv 20 kzvsk e o Q 10 Gme gwnjv `i me P q eo Ask evm K i Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv A j BDwb md/gbpwkd06-2770/eªæ bv eªviwb g v jwiqv cöwzeqi eû wkï K Amȳ K i Ges g Zÿ i gy L V j `q AvBfwi Kv i GK gv KxUbvk K Rviv bv gkvwii fzi wkï K wb q ï q Av Qb wpî: 1.14 wkï `i GBPAvBwf msμg Yi cövq 90 kzvsk Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv A j m~î: BDGmGAvBwW, wi cvu Ab w` Møvevj GBWm Gwc WwgK, 2006 wkïi Aw ÍZ i v: Avgiv Kv_vq `uvwo q 13

wpî: 1.15 cövq 80 kzvsk Dbœqbkxj ` ki wbivc` cvwbi Drm e en ii my hvm Av Q wpî: 1.16 Dbœqbkxj we k i gvî A a K RbmsL vi ch vß m vwb Uk bi my hvm Av Q m~î: BDwb md, û, gvwë cj BwÛ KUi K v vi mv f Ges RbmsL v I ^v Rwic g v jwiqv cöwzeqi `k jÿi ewk gvby li g Zz i KviY g v jwiqv, Gi 80 kzvsk Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï 11 Mf ezx gwnjv Ges bervzk GB iv Mi Kv Q we klfv e Amnvq bervz Ki Rb - IRb Kg niqv Ges i³vízv I wkï g Zz i KviY GB ivm Avwd«Kvi Dcmvnviv A j cöwz w`b Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx 2,000 wkï gviv hvq g v jwiqvi Kvi Y 12 hviv eu P _v K R i I i³vízvi Kvi Y Zv `i gvbwmk I kvixwik DbœwZ evavmö Í nq g v jwiqv cöwz iva I wpwkrmvq ekwkqy gšwjk Kg KvÐ `ikvi Gi g a Av Q KxUbvk K Rviv bv gkvwii wb P Nygv bv Ges iv Mi j Y `L Z cviqv Mf ezx gwnjv I wkï `i g v jwiqvi Ilya `Iqv Rviv bv gkvwi e env ii nvi Kg _vk ji `ªæZ Zv e w cv Q, Gi GKwU KviY g v jwiqv wbqš Y AvšÍR vwzk Znwej `k Y e w c q Q DcvË _ K `Lv hvq Avwd«Kvi Dcmvnviv A ji cöwzwu ` k Rviv bv gkvwii e envi e o Q Ges 2000 mvj _ K cöwz 20wU ` ki g a 16wU ` k gkvwi e env ii nvi wzb Y e o Q mv cöwzk GB AR b m Ë I mvgmöxk e envi GLbI Kg Ges AwaKvsk `k g v jwiqvi Rb wek e vcx wba vwiz j gvîv _ K wcwq q Av Q Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv A ji R i AvμvšÍ GK-Z Zxqvs ki wkqy ewk wkï g v jwiqvi Ilya e envi K i ZvQvov, cöwzwôz g v jwiqv Ilya jv Z ivmmnbkxjzv e w cv Q AvwU wgwmwbbwbf i mgwš^z wpwkrmv ev GwmwU wpwkrmvi Î weivu mvdj AR bi m vebv ˆZwi K i Q eû-ilya cöwz ivax Ggb g v jwiqv wpwkrmvi GKwU wbivc`, Kvh Ki Ges `ªæZ-dj`vqK wpwkrmv GB 14 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

GwmwU GwU evievi g v jwiqvq AvμvšÍ niqvi cöwz iva Ki e 13 wbivc` cvwb I gšwjk m vwb Uk bi e envi e w (GgwWwR 7) me mv cöwzk DcvË Abyhvqx, mvgmöxkfv e c w_ex wbivc` cvwbi Rb GgwWwR AR bi mwvk c _ i q Q, ïaygvî 23wU Dbœqbkxj `k wcq b c o Av Q DbœZ I ^v m Z cqtmyweavi Î AMÖMwZ Ach vß, G Î 41wU ` ki j gvîv AR bi m vebv Kg 14 Dbœqbkxj `k jv Z cöwz 5 R bi 1 Rb wbivc` cvwb e envi K i bv Ges cövq A a K gvby li ch vß cqtmyweav bb Gi cöwzwμqv gv Sg a gvivz K n q `Lv `q wek e vcx Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï `i 2 wgwjwqb cöwzeqi Wvqwiqvq gviv hv Q A bk ` k gvu wkï g Zz i cövq 20 kzvs ki Rb cöv_wgkfv e Wvqwiqv `vqx 15 wbgœgv bi ^v Af vm, Awbivc` cvbxq Rj Ges Ach vß cqtmyweav WvqwiqvRwbZ g Zz i AvbygvwbK 88 kzvs ki Rb `vqx 16 ^v m úwk Z GgwWwRi Î AMÖMwZ emevb Kiv wkï g Zz i cöavb KviY jv gvkv ej Kivi Rb cö qvrbxq g~j Kg KvÐ jv cöwzwôz Ges me Rb M nxz cök Z c, M elyvq GUvB `Lv hvq h, Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkïi gvî GK kzvs ki g Zz i KviY ARvbv Ges G `i `yb- Z Zxqvs ki g Zz m ú~y fv e cöwz iva hvm 17 me P q gšwjk I GLbI iæz c~y wpwnèz mev I PP vi g a i q Q: cömekv j I bervz Ki mevq ` ^v Kg x; Rb -IRb Kg niqv wkï `i mev; ^v wewa gvbv; gv- _ K-wkï Z GBPAvBwf msμgy cöwz iva I wkï `i GBWm wpwkrmv; ch vß cywó, we kl K i wek e vcx wkïg Zz i Ab Zg cöavb KviY Wvqwiqv cqte e vi ch vß my hvm Wvqwiqv gvkv ejvq mnvqzv K i wdwjcvb bi GKwU we` vj h my `i ^v wewai Abykxjb n Q Rxe bi cö_g Qq gv m ïay Íb `vb; AšÍZc `yb eqi ch ší cwic~ik Lv ` i cvkvcvwk Ae vnz Íb `vb; ivmcöwz iva gzv Rviv jv Kivi Rb m ú~ik Abycywói e e v; f vkwm b cöwz iva hvm QqwU NvZK e vax _ K wkï K i vi Rb wukv; WvqwiqvRwbZ ivm gvkv ejv Kivi Rb LvIqvi m vjvbb I wr¼; wbd gvwbqvi Rb G vw Uev qvwuk; Ges g v jwiqv cöwz iva I wpwkrmvq KxUbvk K Rviv bv gkvwi I Kvh Kix Ilya 18 A bklvwb AMÖMwZ Ges AR bi cii ej Z nq, AvcvZ` wó Z mnr mgvavb jvi ev Íevqb mn R nqwb AwaKvsk ÿ ÎB G jv wqj RwUj Ges `ytmva we kláiv wkïiÿvi Av `vj bi ïi Z hv f ewq jb Zvi P qi ewk Ges Gi djvdji A bkvs kb A úó hvi d j AvR Dbœq bi cö Póv K qkwu mywbw` ó AMÖvwaKvi K mvg b i L GKwÎZfv e AMÖmi n Q hv ^v welqk GgwWwR AR b cö qvrbxq kw³ hvmv Z cv i G jv n Q: wkï g Zz i nvi I cö Kvc me P q ewk Ggb 60wU ` ki Ici iæz v ivc gv, bervzk Ges wkïi RxebP μi mv _ mgwš^z ch vqμwgk mev cö`vb wbwðzkiy ^v e e v Ges vbxq Rb Mvôxi Askx`vwiZ kw³kvjxkiy ciez x Aa vq jv Z `Lv hv Q, cö_g AMÖvwaKv ii Î A bk KvR n Q wøzxq AMÖvwaKv ii Î hw`i AMÖMwZ mvwaz n q Q, ZeyI GLbI A bk wkqy UNICEF/HQ06-1450/Ninfa Bito wkïi Aw ÍZ i v: Avgiv Kv_vq `uvwo q 15

wpî: 1.17 YMYbv 2015 Abyhvqx wkï i vq j c~i Yi Î AMÖvwaKvi cviqv 60 `k m~î: KvD UWvDb Uz 2015, UªvwKs cöv MÖm Bb PvBì mvf vbevj: w` 2005 wi cvu, BDwb md ^v kvlv, wbd BqK, 2006, c. 37 Kivi Av Q wkš Z Zxq AMÖvwaKv ii Î `Lv hv Q, A bk cvbju cökí Ges cixw Z Kg m~wp ev Íevq bi c ii Riæwi wfwë Z Kg cwiwa evov bv cö qvrb AMÖvwaKvi 1: wkï g Zz i evsv me P q ewk Ggb `k jvi Ici iæz v ivc wkïg Zz n«v m ch vß AMÖMwZ bv niqvi KviY ch v jvpbvi D Ï k wkï ^v i wewfbœ w`k wb q KvR K ib Ggb we kláiv i K djvi dvd Ûkb Av qvwrz Ges BZvjxi ejvwri Z AbywôZ GK Kg kvjvq wgwjz n qwq jb 2003 mv j GKB eqi ejvwri PvBì mvf vbfvj MÖæc gv, bervzk Ges wkïi eu P _vkv I ^v wb q avivevwnkfv e e wuk wpwkrmv mvgwqkx w` j vb mu-g A bk jv cöeü cökvk K i Ôw` PvBì mvf vbfvjõ bv g cwiwpz avivevwnk cöeü jv m PZbZv m wó Z mvnvh K iwqj Ges Ávb K Abykxj b iƒcvšíwiz Kivi Rb Zvr wykfv e mwμq n Z AvnŸvb Rvwb qwqj IB ` ji KvR weávbx, bxwzwba vik, Kg x Ges ^v -Kg m~wp e e vck `i bzzb GKwU Rv Ui gva g Ae vnz i q Q D ` vmwu Ô2015 Gi YMYbv: gv, bervzk I wkï g Zz nv i AMÖMwZ ch v jvpbvõ (Countdown to 2015: Tracking Progress in Maternal, Newborn and Child Mortality) bv g cwiwpz YMYbv D ` v M avivevwnkfv e A bk jv m jb AbywôZ n e, hv 2005 mv ji ww m ^i _ K ïiæ n q Q Ges 2015 mvj ch ší cöwz `yb eqi AšÍi AbywôZ n e (ciez x m jb n e `w Y Avwd«Kvi Kc UvD b 2008 mv ji GwcÖ j) 19 YMYbv D ` vm Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz i nvi Kgv Z Kvh Ki e j cögvwyz n q Q Ggb Kvh μ gi m ú K DcvË msmön K i _v K D ` vmwu ïiæ ZB wvk K i h, c w_exi me A j AMÖMwZ Z ivwš^z Kivi cö qvrbxqzv _vk ji hme ` k Ab~aŸ cuvp eq ii wkï g Zz i nvi me P q ewk mme `k K AMÖvwaKvi w` Z n e GB ch v q, BDwb mdmn YMYbv D ` v Mi Askx`viiv 60wU `k K AMÖvwaKv ii ZvwjKvq Av b `ywu ˆewk ó i Ici wfwë K i: hme ` k eq i Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz 50,000 Gi ewk Ges 16 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

mgq I v bi cwi cöw Z gvz, bervzk I wkï ^v cwiph vi avivevwnkzv gvz, bervzk I wkï ^v cwiph vi avivevwnkzv Ach vß cywó Ges gvz, bervzk I wkï g Zz i AvšÍtm ú K i Ici iæz Av ivc K i GB avivevwnkzv AZ vek Kxq cöv_wgk ^v cwiph v mevi c v K Ri Î `ywu gvîvi Ici ewk Av jvkcvz K i: mgq: gv I wkïi Rb AZ vek Kxq mevi wbðqzv Mf aviy Kv j, wkïi R b i mgq, Rb ciez x Kv j, AwZwkï _vkv Ae vq Ges ˆkkeKv j `ikvi ( `Lyb wpî 1.18) GLv b R b i mgq K - c~ e, Rb Kv j I c i - we kl iæz c~y welq wnmv e ^xk wz `Iqv n q Q KviY GB mgqkv j gv I wkïi g Zz I iv Mi cö Kv ci Su ywk me P q ewk _v K vb: MwZkxj cöv_wgk ^v cwiph v c wz Z AZ vek Kxq mev mieiv ni Î M n, KwgDwbwU, gvv ch v qi e e v Ges myweavm ^wjz ^v K `ªi g a mgš^q Kiv nq ( `Lyb wpî 1.19) GLv b mev cö`v bi Î vbwfwëk bvbv NvUwZi Ici iæz Av ivc K iv n Q GRb h, evwo Ges KwgDwbwU Z hlv b cwiph v me P q ewk `ikvi mlv b hv Z mev cušqvq cwiph v mevi avivevwnkzvi aviyvwu GB ^xk wz _ K D zz h, gvz, bervzk I wkï g Zz i Rb GKB ai bi I AvšÍtm úwk Z KvVv gvmz KviY jv Ges mb m ½ Ach vß cywó `vqx GB KviY jvi g a i q Q: Lv` wbivcëvnxbzv, bvix wbi izv, Kg eq m Mf aviy I Kg IR bi wkïrb mn `ye j Rb `vb; Aby cvhy³ Lv` Af vm, ^v wewa bv gvbv Ges wbivc` cvwb I ch vß cqtmyweav bv _vkv, `vwi `ª i Kvi Y ^v I cywó mevi my hvm _ K ev` cov, fšmwjk I ivr bwzk cövwšíkxkiy; Ges m ú `i AcÖZzjZv, cöwzwμqvnxb I mvs wzkfv e Aby cvhy³ ^v I cywó mev e e v wpî: 1.18 avivevwnkzvi Rb gvz, bervzk I wkï ^v i cwiph v mevi g a ms hvm vcb m~î: cvu bviwkc di g vuvib vj, wbdeb GÛ PvBì nj_, www.who.int/pmnch/about/ continuum_of_care/en/index.html,30 m Þ ^i 2007-G `Lv D PZi mev cö`v bi h cwikíbv Kiv nq Zv cwiph v mevi avivevwnkzvi gva g AR b m e Ges Zvi djvdj n Z cv i Mfxi Zvrch c~y Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv A j cwiph v mevi avivevwnkzvi AvIZvq 90 kzvsk gv I bervzk K Avbv M j Zv `yb-z Zxqvsk bervz Ki g Zz iva Ki Z cvi e Ges eq i 800,000 wkïi Rxeb i v cv e AvšÍR vwzk ch v q ^v bxwz I Kg m~wp Z GB bgybv jv μgvš^ q M nxz n Q Ges gvz, bervzk I wkï ^v i Askx`vwi Z i GKwU wfwë ˆZwi Z KvR Ki Q (Askx`vwi Z i e vl v `Lyb Aa vq 2, c ôv 43) `Lyb Z_ cäx, c ôv 104 wpî: 1.19 gvz, bervzk I wkï g Zz n«v m cvwievwik I ^v mev K `ªi cwiph vi g a ms hvm vcb mv cöwzk `kk jvi gvz, bervzk I wkï ^v wel q bvbv cövgvy Z_ I AwfÁZv _ K wk Yxq w`k jvi cwiph v mevi avivevwnkzvq cöwzdwjz n q Q AZx Z wbivc` gvz Z Ges wkïi Rxeb i vi Kg m~wp jv c _Kfv e cwipvwjz n Zv, G Z mev `v bi Î m ó wew QbœZv gv I bervzk Dfq KB wzmö Í Ki Zv GUv GLb ^xk Z h, avivevwnkzvi g a iæz c~y ch v q GKxf~Zfv e mywbw` ó KvR Ki j eûwea mydj cviqv hvq GKwU c v K Ri AvIZvq KvR jv K GKwÎZ Ki j Zv `i Kvh KvwiZv ev o Ges Zv A_ -mvkªqx nq Kvh μ gi mgš^q n j mevi MwZ I Pvwn`v e w cvq Ges AvIZv e w ii my hvm m wó nq GKwU mgwš^z mve Rbxb cöv_wgk ^v mev c wzi AvIZvq Rxeb e vcx AZ vek K mevi e e v KivB n Q g~j iæ Z i RvqMv m~î: cvu bviwkc di g vuvib vj, wbdeb GÛ PvBì nj_, www.who.int/pmnch/about/continuum_of_care/en/index.html,30 m Þ ^i 2007-G `Lv wkïi Aw ÍZ i v: Avgiv Kv_vq `uvwo q 17

hme ` k evrmwik Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz i nvi 1,000 RxweZ R b Kgc 90 2005 mv j mviv we k Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkïg Zz i 93 kzvskb n q Q GB 60wU ` k G `i g a evsjv `k, eªvwrj, wgki, B `v bwkqv, gw Kv, bcvj Ges wdwjcvbb - GB mvzwu gvî `k GgwWwR 4 AR bi mwvk c _ Av Q e j fvev n Q Ab w` K, 2015 mv ji j gvîv AR b Ki Z n j AMÖvwaKv ii ZvwjKvq _vkv 19wU ` ki evrmwik g Zz nvi 10 kzvsk ev ZviI AwaK nv i Kgv bvi cö qvrb n e 20 AMÖvwaKvi 2: mevi avivevwnkzv ervq ivlvi Rb D ` vm jv K c v KR AvKv i ˆZwi Kiv Ges RxebP μi cöavb mkj ch v q Zv mieivn Kiv ivm gvkv ejvq mywbw` ó wkqy wkï ^v Kg m~wp Z Avðh RbK fv jv dj cviqv M Q Gme ÔDj ^Õ Kvh μg mvaviyz GKKvjxb I GKK ivm-wfwëk e e vcbv, hgb: GKwU iv Mi Rb wukv`vb Kg m~wp AZx Zi wk v n Q gv, bervzk I wkïi mgwš^z I UKmB mevi Rb GB ai bi Kg m~wp Aby cvhy³ hv Aa vq 2 G wek`fv e ch v jvpbv Kiv n q Q mv cöwzk AwfÁZv GUvB wb ` k K i h wkï ^v eo ai bi AMÖMwZ m e n e hw` Gme Rxeb i vkvix e e v jv mevi Ôc v K RÕ GKwÎZ Kiv hvq RwUj Riæwi Ae vq wkïi ^v wkïi ^v Pvwn`v guv Z bvix Ges cwievi K kvwšíkvjxb cwiw wz ZI h _ó cwigv Y P v jä gvkv ejv Ki Z nq GB P v jä jv eû Y RwUj nq gvbyl ev cªk wz m ó Riæwi cwiw wz Z GiKg cwiw wz Z mvaviy gvby li Kv Q Ges we klfv e wkï `i Kv Q ^v mev cušqv bv Av iv ekx cö qvrb ^v mev weziy e e v gvivz Kfv e wzmö Í Ggb `k jv Z ev Í e GKwU weivu msl K wkïi Kv Q weivrgvb e e vi gva g mev cušqv Q bv 1989 _ K 2000 mv ji g a wjwce msnv Zi msl v 110wU; Gi g a 103wU M nhy Gi A bk jv wqj `xn vqx Ges G Z cövwzôvwbk KvVv gv aÿ m c o Ges A bk Î mvaviy bvmwi Ki weiæ mwnsmzv cwipvwjz nq ez gvb mg q 40wU ` k, G `i 90 kzvsk wbgœ Av qi `k, mk msnvz Pj Q BDwb m di wndg vwbuwiqvb G vkkb wi cvu 2006 bvix I wkïi Ici cöfve d j Ggb 29wU Riæwi cwiw wzi Ici Av jvkcvz K i Q RwUj Riæwi Ae vi msávq ejv n q Q, Zv Ggb GKwU cwiw wz hlv b mk msnvz, gvby li vbvšíi Ges/A_ev Lv` wbivcëvnxbzvi m ½ _v K μgea gvb g Zz Ges Acywó mvaviy Ae vq wkï g Zz i cö_g w` Ki KviY jvb Riæwi Ae vq wkï g Zz i Rb cöavbz `vqx Gi g a i q Q nvg, g v jwiqv, WvqwiqvRwbZ ivm, k vmz š i cö`vn Ges Acywó Gi m ½ gwbbrvbwum-gi g Zv msμvgk iv Mi nvvr cö Kvc e w Ges AcywóRwbZ mgm v hy³ n j h _ó cwigv Y wkï iv Mi cö Kvc Ges g Zz i msl v ev o D`vniY ^iƒc, me P q g Zz nvi ewk kiyv_ x wkwe i Ges cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx `i g a B ewk h Kv bv RwUj Riæwi Ae vi ïiæ ZB mvaviyz wkï g Zz nvi me P q ewk _v K Aciw` K, Riæwi Ae v k l, wkïiv hlb `xn w` bi Rb GKwU vqx kiyv_ x wkwe i evm K i ZLb kiyv_ x Rb Mvôxi wkï g Zz nvi cöwz ekx AvevwmK GjvKvi wkï g Zz nv ii P q Kg n Z cv i RwUj Riæwi Ae vi wkï `i Rb ^v mev cö`v bi ÿ Î cöavb cöwzeükzvi g a i q Q my hv Mi ^ízv, mvs wzk evav, wbivcëvnxbzv, Ilya I Ab vb mvgmöxi mieiv n msku Ges ÎvY weziykvix wewfbœ cöwzôv bi g a hvmv hv Mi mgš^qnxbzv GiKg cwiw wz Z KwgDwbwU bz Z MVb ev Zv `i K m ú ³ Kiv we klfv e Riæwi a i biqv nq h msk Ui mgq KwgDwbwU f½yi Ae vq _v K Ges hy, `ywf A_ev e vck vbvší ii Pv c KwgDwbwU LwÛZ n q hvq wkš M elyvq `Lv hv Q, Kv bv bv Kv bv ai b KwgDwbwU K me mgq msmwvz Kiv m e Ges KwgDwbwUi g a GB iæz c~y Dcv`vb A ZB _v K Ges Pv ci g a Zvi iæz AviI e o hvq RwUj Riæwi cwiw wz Z gvivz K Acywói wkkvi wkï `i wpwkrmvq Bw_Iwcqv, gvjvdb Ges `w Y mỳ v bi P v jä gvkv ejvi AwfÁZvq `Lv hvq, Kv bv c` ci mdjzv iæz c~y fv e wbf i K i KwgDwbwUi cöavb e w³ `i ( hgb mbvzb bz Z, wk K Ges KwgDwbwU ^v Kg x) Ges GKB m ½ KwgDwbwU msmvb, ^ Qv mek buiqvk I bvix msmvb K m c ³ Kivi Ici Gi m ½ mbvzb ^v mev `vbkvix `i m ú ³ KivI mgvbfv e iæz c~y KviY ^v mevi `ikvi n j cö_ g gvbyl Zv `i m ½B civgk K i Ges m Kvi Y givz Kfv e Acywói wkkvi wkï K cöv_wgk Ae vq wpwýz Ki Z Zviv we kl iæz c~y f~wgkv cvjb K ib `Lyb Z_ cäx, c ôv 105 18 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

Ges Rxe bi iæz c~y ch v q cuš Q `qv hvq wewea ^v mevi mgš^q I GKÎxKiY A_ -mvkªqx I djcö` cögvwyz n q Q D`vniY n Q wukv`vb I wfuvwgb G m ú~ik Kg m~wp G jv hme wkï cvq Zv `i AviI e vck mev cviqvi wbwðz nq m cöwz cixw Z 16 wu Kg KvÐ wb q GKwU c v KR ˆZwi n q Q hv gvu bervz Ki g Zz i 72 kzvsk cöwznz Ki Z cvi e G jvi g a Av Q abyóskv ii wukv, R b i mgq ` ^v Kg xi Dcw wz, avîx mevi my hvm, R b i cicib I ïaygvî gv qi `ya LvIqv bv, bervzk K ï I Dò ivlv, cö qvr b K wîg k vm cök v m mnvqzv Kiv, Kg Rb -IR bi wkïi evowz mev Ges msμg Y wpwkrmv 21 mgwš^z mevi c v K R mgq Lye iæz c~y welq A a Ki ewk gv I bervz Ki g Zz N U Rb Kv j Ges Rxe bi cö_g wkqy w` bi g a B wkš GUv ZLbB N U hlb ^v mevi AvIZv _v K AwZ mxwgz mgwš^z I Kvh Ki gvz, bervzk Ges wkïi mevq Kvh Ki avivevwnkzvq (`ªóe c v bj, c ôv 17) AšÍf y³ _v K Mf ve v, wkïrb, Rb - DËi mgq, Ges ˆkke I ˆK kvi myweav n Q GB, cöwzwu avc M o I V Zvi c~e ez x av ci mvd j i Ici D`vniY wnmv e ejv hvq, wk kvix `i mgwš^z mev `Iqvi djvdj n Q AbvKvw Z Ges Amg q Mf avi Yi msl v n«vm cviqv ^v mev cwiph vkvixi civgk wb j Mf Kvjxb mgm v cöwz iva Kiv m e nq Ges cömekv j gv qi Dchy³ cwiph v cviqvi m vebv e o hvq cömekv j, c~ e Ges cöm ei cicib ` cwiph vkvixi mev c j gv I mšívb Df qi g Zz I cöwzewüzvi Su ywk n«vm cvq Ae vnz cwiph v cviqv wkïi ^v AwaKviI e U Kvh Ki Ges avivevwnk ^v mev Aek mev e e vi duvk jv ai Z cv i, Zv m cwiev i, mgv R, ^v K `ª ev nvmcvzv j hlv bb nvk bv Kb hme wkï k vmkó, cpb wb q Rb MÖnY K i A_ev AcwiYZ R b i Kvi Y RwUjZvq c o h_vh_ cwiph v bv c j K qk N Uv GgbwK K qk wgwb Ui g a Zviv gviv h Z cv i DbœqYkxj ` k 60 wgwjq bi ewk gwnjvi cöme nq evwo Z 22 R b i mgq GKRb ` cwiph vkvixi Dcw wz LyeB Riæwi Ges Kv bv RwUjZv `Lv w` j Zv gvkv ejvi Rb vbxq ^v K `ª ev cö_g ch v qi my hvm-myweav Ges nvmcvzv j wpwkrmvi mg_ b _vkv `ikvi cöwzwu ch v q cwiph vi gvb GKwU AwZ iæz c~y welq AMÖvwaKvi 3: ^v e e vi KvVv gv Ges vbxq Rb Mvôxi Askx`vwiZ Rvi`vi Kiv wkï `i mgwš^z ^v mev w` Z n j cöwz ivag~jk c` c biqvi cvkvcvwk Amȳ Zvq wpwkrmvii e e v ivl Z n e cöwz iv ai Rb AvPiY cwiez b `ikvi hvi m~pbv cwiev i Ges cömvi vbxq cöwz e ki mg_ bi gva g hgb cywó Dbœq bi cq b _v K gv Ges Ab vb cwiph vkvix wkfv e wkï `i LvIqv Qb, Kx c wz AbymiY Ki Qb mb welq jv muv ey Ki `ya LvIqv bvi mgq nvk ev ciez xkv ji Ab vb Lv ` i e vcv ib nvk GB ai bi PP v _ K cviqv e w³i wk v vbxq Rb Mvôxi gva g cö qvm I cömvi niqv `ikvi K~qv, cv ú Ges cvqlvbv DËg ^v wewai Rb iæz c~y wkš G jvi Kvh KvwiZv wbf i K i vbxq Rb Mvôx m jv i Yv e Y I e env i KZ iæz w` Q Zvi Ic i wkï `i Aek B nvz avqv wkl Z n e Ges fv jv ^v wewa I Gme Af v mi PP v Ki Z n e Gme PP v nq evwo Z, we` vj q Ges cªwz ekx I eüz `i gv S e nëi ^v e e vi Awe Q` Ask wnmv e vbxq Rb Mvôxi (KwgDwbwU) ^v mevq Askx`vwiZ ˆØZ f~wgkv cvjb K i: Rb Mvôxi m`m `i ^v Kg x wnmv e mwμq iv L Ges DbœZ ^v PP vq Rb Mvôx K DØy K i mikv ii KvQ _ K gvb m úbœ ^v mev cviqvi Pvwn`v m wó ZI vbxq Rb Mvôx f~wgkv iv L Rb Mvôxi mswkøózv Zv `i AwaKvi eva M o Zv j Gi d j Avgjv wbf i ^v e e vq MwZi mâvi nq GQvov hviv ewâz I me P q wew Qbœ Zv `i Kv Q cušqv ZI Askx`vwiZ AZ vek K GB cöwz e` bi ciez x Aa vq jv Z `Lv hvq h, A bk ` k GgbwK c w_exi `wi`ªzg wkqy ` ki vbxq ch v qi D ` v M ^v Kg m~wp mdjfv e ev ÍevwqZ n q Q GLb P v jä n Q Zv `i AwfÁZv _ K wk v biqv, Kg m~wp kw³kvjx Kiv Ges ^v e e v hme j j wkï K D c v K i Q Zv `i Kv Q mev cuš Q `Iqv wkï i vi KŠkj Dc hvmx cwi ek m wó wkïi eupv _vkvi m ve Zv AvKvi jvf K i wkï I Zvi cwiev ii emev mi cwi ek ev Gi mv _ mswkøó cövwzôvwbk myweavi ev ÍeZvi wfwë Z Avi ZvB bervzk I wkïg Zz i nvi `wi`ª `k jvi `wi`ªzg, wew Qbœ, wbiÿi Ges cövwšík Rb Mvôx Z I A j h me P q ewk GwU we qki bq hme `k bvmwik Ø Ø-msNv Z weaÿ Í, hlv b `ye j kvmb e e v Ges Rb ^v Lv Z I fšz AeKvVv gv Z `xn w`b a i wewb qvm AcÖZzj mlv bi GB nvi ewk 20wUi g a - AvdMvwb Ívb, G v ½vjv, evwk bv dv mv, Pv`, K ½v MYZvwš K cörvzš, wkïi Aw ÍZ i v: Avgiv Kv_vq `uvwo q 19

gvz, bervzk I wkï ^v i DbœwZK í bvixi gzvqb bvixi gzvqb, we kl K i KwgDwbwU ch v qi bvixi gzvqb, cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx wkï g Zz i nvi Kgv bvi ÿ Î AZ vek K Ges mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j 5 AR b - hvi D Ïk 2015 mvj bvmv` gvz g Zz i nvi wzb-pzz_ vsk Kgv bv - wbwðz Ki Z mnvqk f~wgkv ivl e GL bv wewfbœ mgv R bvixi wbgœ gh v`v Ges cwiev i wm vší MªnY gzv Kg _vkvq `ywu ÎB iæz c~y AMÖMwZ AR b Ki Z gvivz K P v j Äi gy LvgywL n Q D`vniY wnmv e 30wU ` ki RbmsL v I ^v Rwi ci DcvË we køly K i `Lv hvq, cwiev i we kl K i `w Y Gwkqv I Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv A ji cwiev i bvixiv ^v wel q wm vší MÖn Y cöfve LvUv Z cv i bv, wb Ri ev wkïi ^v wel q wm v šíi ÎI bv eviwkbv dv mv, gvwj Ges bvb Rwiqvi 75 kzvsk bvix DËi`vZv Rvwb q Qb bvixi ^v mevi wel q ^vgxiv GKKfv e wm vší bq RwicK Z `w Y Gwkqvi `ywu ` k - evsjv `k I bcvj - GB AbycvZ cövq 50 kzvsk bvix K wm vší MÖnY cöwμqv _ K ev` `Iqvi Kvi Y cwiev ii me m`m we kl K i bvix I wkï `i ^v I Kj v Yi wel q A bk wkqy Qvo w` Z nq Ges Gi m ½ D P gvz I wkï g Zz nv ii welq jvi m úwk Z G K_v Dc ii cuvpwu ` ki Rb cö hvr Ges YMYbv- 2015 h 60wU `k K AMÖvwaKv ii ZvwjKvfy³ K i Q G cuvpwu `k m ZvwjKvq Av Q (AviI we ÍvwiZ Rvbvi Rb wpî 1.17, c ôv 16 `ªóe ) cwiw wz AviI ewk Lvivc MÖvgxY GjvKv ev kn ii ew Í Z Gme GjvKvq bvixiv AwaKvskB wbi i Ges ^v mev cviqvi Î Av_ -mvgvwrk evavi gy LvgywL nq, hgb N ii evb i h Z ev AcwiwP Zi m ½ K_v ejvq wewa-wb la Av Q Ges Nb Nb ^v K `ª ev wk wb K hviqvi Zv `i my hvmi bb D`vniY ^iƒc ejv hvq, AvdMvwb Ív b gwnjv `i nvmcvzv j wm q wpwkrmv mev biqv wb la KviY nvmcvzv ji Kg xiv me cyiæl; Ab w` K mvs wzk ixwzbxwz gwnjv `i KvR Ki Z Ges DbœZ wpwkrmv cöwk Y wb Z evavi m wó K i cöv_wgkfv e bvix `i cöwk Y `q Ggb A bk KwgDwbwU ^v Kg m~wp ^v mevi my hvm e env ii Rb mdjfv e wj½wfwëk evav AwZμg K i Q evsjv ` k eª vk-gi cöwkÿycövß KwgDwbwU ^v Kg xiv weevwnzv, ga -eqmx Ges Giv gvby li N i wm q ^v mev wbwðz Kivi gva g c` vi evav AwZμg K i Q hv A bk bvix KB ^v mev my hvm _ K ewâz ivl Zv N ii evb i h Z bv w` q cvwk Ív b 1999 mv j Mf avi Y m g bvix `i gvî A a K abyóskv ii wukv c Zv ^v gš Yvj qi GKwU mdj cöpviyvi Kvi Y 50 jvl DwÏó bvixi g a Zv GLb 80 kzvs k DbœxZ n q Q GUv m e n q Q bvix ^v Kg xi Ici Av v ivlvi Kvi Y cyiæl wukv`vb Kg x `i P q bvixiv ewk MÖnY hvm AviI ejv hvq h, wewfbœ Kg Kv Ði d j KwgDwbwU ch v q bvixi gzvqb niqv Z ev bvix bz Z M o IVvi Kvi Y Zv bvixi I wkïi ^v i Rb mgvb iæz c~y f~wgkv i L Q Nvbvq wmwb wμwg iv Mi cöv`yf ve e o hviqvi cwi cöw Z GKwU mgwš^z wbg ~j cöpviyvi cö qvrb n q c owqj GB wμwg ivm cvwb evwnz Ges Zv msμwgz e w³ K gv mi ci gvm A g K i iv L bvix ^ Qv me Kiv cyiæ li Zzjbvq DbœZ cvwbi Dr mi m ½ ewk cwiwpz Ges Zviv evwo evwo M Q, wdëvi weziy K i Q, m ve `~wlz cvwbi Drm wpwnèz K i Q Ges KwgDwbwU K bvbv welq wkwl q Q, Rvwb q Q Gi d j 2002 _ K 2003 mv ji g a iv Mi cöv`yf ve 36 kzvsk K g hvq GKB NUbv cv U vwi Kv Z W½y R i wbg ~ ji GKwU Kg m~wp Z N U wek ^v ms v I BDGm m Uvi di wwwmr K Uªvj GÛ wcö fbkb cwipvwjz Kg m~wpi ÿ Î KwgDwbwU g bvbxz gwnjviv D ` v³vi `vwqz cvjb K i gwnjviv evwo evwo hvq, cwievi cöav bi mv vrkvi bq Ges gkvi esk we Ív ii vb cwi`k b K i Zviv m PZbZv e w i KvRI K i, Gi g a vbxq mycvig K U W½y cöwz ivax cö`k bxi Av qvrbi wqj GB KŠk ji gva g 20 kzvsk cwievi W½y we ivax cöpviyvi m ½ hy³ n qwqj `Lyb Z_ cäx,c ôv 105 B Kv Uvwiqvj wmwb, wmwb-evmy, jvb ewiqv, gvwj, bvbrvi Ges wm qiv wjib- GB 11wU ` k cuvp eqi c~y nevi c~ e 20 kzvsk wkï gviv hvq 23 Gi g a ewkifvm ` kb 1989 mvj _ K eo ai bi mk msnvz Pj Q GKBfv e D PgvÎvi `yb xwzmö Í cökvmb, ivr bwzk Aw wzkxjzv, AvB bi kvmb cöwzôvq e _ Ggb f½yi I `ye j `k jv mpivpi bvmwik `i gšwjk mev w` Z cv i bv cöwzôvbmz I cwi ekmz welq jv A bk mgq wkïi Aw Í Z i Î cöavb f~wgkv iv L D`vniY wn m e ejv hvq, gnvgvixi AvKv i GBWm Qwo q cov `k jv Z wkï i vi g~j P v jä n Q iv Mi j Yi m ½ hy gnvgvixi gvîv I cök wz Ggb h GBWm K iæz bv w` j Ab me Kg KvÐ AKvh Ki cögvwyz n e hme `k Lv` wbivcëvnxbzvq fv M A_ev Liv cöey mme ` k wkï i vi cö Póv e _ niqvi Su ywk _v K Lv` ˆewP Îi AcÖZzjZvi Kvi Y 20 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

UNICEF/HQ06-2640/Tom Pietrasik bvix K ^v m úwk Z wm vší wb Z `Iqvi A_ n jv Zv `i mšívb `i DbœZi mev wbwðz Kiv fvi Z ^v cwiph v wb q GKwU Av jvpbv mfv wkïiv `xn vqx Acywói wkkvi nq, `ye j ^v i w` K Suy K c o Ges P~ovšÍch v q gviv hvq Gme RwUj mgm v AvμvšÍ ` k jvi wkï `i Kv Q mev cušqv bvi P v jä jv `yiƒn Zv m Ë I, ivr bwzk mw` Qv _vk j GB `k jv wkï i vi Dc hvmx cwi ek I Dbœq bi Rb wkqz c` c MÖnY Ki Z cv i mwnsmzv _ K wkï K i vi AvBb cöyqb Ges cö qv M bri`vix A_ bwzk mn hvwmzv Ges Dbœqb cöwzôvb (IBwmwW) wewfbœ `k _ K 18 eq ii Kg eqmx wkï `i DcvË wb q ` L Q GK eq ii Kg eqmx wkïi wøzxq m e v P g Zz Su ywki KviY binz v GK _ K Pvi eqi eqmx wkïi Zzjbvq GK eq ii Kg eqmx wkï g Zz i Su ywk wzb Y ewk wkïi eqm hz Kg _v K cwiev ii wbku R bi Kvi Y Zvi g Zz i Su ywk ZZ ewk nq hme g Zz i wnmve ivlv I g Zz i KviY AbymÜvb Kiv nq bv mlv b cövybvkx mwnsmzvi e vwß mwvkfv e Rvbv hvq bv Ges Zv Ab~aŸ cuvp eq ii wkï `i mvaviy D P g Zz nv ii wnmv ei g a nvwi q hvq GUv a i biqv nq h, h Kv bv ai bi mwnsmzv I wbh vzb, GgbwK D c v wkï I Aí eqmx ev Pv `i g Zz Z f~wgkv iv L Gme g Zz binz v wnmv e wjwce nq bv, nq Zv ev G Kev ib wjwce nq bv GUv e vckfv e ^xk Z h, g Zz i wnmv ei P q cwiev ii m`m `i Kvi Y wkï g Zz i msl v A bk ewk 24 Rvi K i we q Avi GK ai bi wbh vzb hv wkïi Ici Pvwc q `Iqv nq cövqk mgvr G K gvi ` wó Z ` L, hvi cöfve c o wkïi Aw Í Z c~y wekvk jv fi Av MB evwjkv hlb wkïi Rb `q ZLb gv I wkï `yr bib g Zz i Su ywk A bk e o hvq wek e vcx 15-19 eqi eqmx, weevwnz ev AweevnZ hvb nvk, evwjkv g Zz nv ii cöavb KviY wkïi Aw ÍZ i v: Avgiv Kv_vq `uvwo q 21

Mf aviy-mswkøó g Zz 25 15 eq ii Kg eqmx wk kvix `i cömekv j g Zz i Su ywk 20 eq ii 26 ewk eqmx gwnjv `i Zzjbvq cuvp Y ewk wk kvix gv qi mšív bi eu P _vkvi m vebvi Zzjbvg~jKfv e Kg 18 eq ii Kg eqmx gv qi wkïi R b i GK eq ii g a g Zz i Su ywk 19 eq ii ewk eqmx gv qi wkïi Zzjbvq 60 kzvsk ewk 27 wkïi i v I wekv k Dchy³ cwi ek ˆZwii Dcvq Lu yr Q Ggb `k jvi evj weevn Ges wkïi weiæ me ai bi wbh vzb cöwz iv a AvBb cöyq bi cvkvcvwk k~y mnbkxjzvi bxwz MÖnY Kiv DwPZ wkïi Aw ÍZ i vi Rb Av ikwu AZ vek Kxq Dcvq n Q mkj wkïi Rb wbeüb GUv wkïi Aw Í Z i AvBbMZ ^xk wz wukv Ges wfuvwgb G m ú~i Ki g Zv AZ vek Kxq mev cvevi Rb Gi cö qvrb i q Q GUv cvwievwik m úk I cöwzôv K i hlv b DËivwaKvi GKwU iæz c~y welq 28 bvixi wk v I gzvqb me kl wnmv e `Lv hvq M o cöwz 4 R b cövq 1 Rb cövßeq (hv `i eqm 15 Ges Zvi ewk) wbi i BD b v cwimsl vb Bbw wud Ui me mv cöwzk DcvË Abyhvqx G `i cövq `yb-z Zxqvsk n Q bvix 29 M elyvq `Lv hvq, Kgwkw Z cwiph vkvixi gšwjk ^v mevi Z_ cövwßi my hvm Zvi ewkwkw Z mv_xkg xi Zzjbvq AcÖZzj 30 Amȳ wkïi KLb Kx mev w` Z n e GB wm vší cušqv Z m fyj ev Ach vß Z_ e envi Ki Z cv i 31 Ab w` K evsjv `k _ K cviqv Z _ `Lv hvq cöv_wgk wk vcövß gv qi wkïi wbi i Rb wbeüb: AZ vek Kxq mevi my hvm m wó Z GKwU iæz c~y c` c wkï AwaKvi mb ` GKwU bv gi Ges GKwU RvZxqZvi AwaKv ii welqwu ` pfv e cöwzwôz n q Q mb `i 7 avivq R b i cicib wbeüb Kivi K_v úófv e ejv n q Q ZviciI cöwzeqi 5 KvwU 10 jvl wkïi Rb AwbewÜZ Ae vq _ K hvq Giv cövq me ÿ ÎB `wi`ª, cövwšík ev vbp~ Z Rb Mvôxi cwiev ii wkï, A_ev hme ` k Rb wbeüb c wz GLbI wvkfv e KvR K i bv mme ` ki wkï Zvi d j Gme wkïi ^v I Kj vy gvivz K ûgwki Ae vi gy LvgywL nq Ges Zv `xn vqx iƒc aviy K i wpî: 1.20 `w Y Gwkqv Ges Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv AÂ j Rb wbeü bi* nvi *Rwi ci mgq cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx hme wkïi Rb wbeüb n qwqj Zv `i kzkiv nvi wnmv e biqv n q Q Zv `i KB wnmv e biqv n q Q hv bi wbeüb mb` mv vrkvi MnYKvix ` L Qb A_ev hme wkïi gv ev cwiph vkvix e j Qb h Rb wbewüz n q Q Rwi ci mgq RxweZ wkï `i DcvËB gvwë cj BwÛ KUi K v vi mv f Z i q Q m~î: gvwë cj BwÛ KUi K v vi mv f, RbmsL v I ^v Rwic, Ab vb RvZxq Rwic Ges cöavb wbeüb c wzmg~n `k I AÂj wfwëk DcvË GB cöwz e` bi cwimsl vy mviwy 9, c 146 Z Av Q 22 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

gv qi wkïi Zzjbvq eu P _vkvi m vebv 20 kzvsk ewk, Avi mb m vebv 80 kzvs k e w cvq hlb gv qi gva wgk ch v qi wk v _v K 32 mvgvwrk I A_ bwzkfv e bvixi gzvqb wkïi Aw ÍZ i vi Ab Avi GKwU cöwzwôz cš v A bk ` k, bvixiv KZ e cvj b gšwjk wm všímön Yi my hvm _ KI ewâz, GK_v wb Ri ^v I wkï ^v i wm v šíi Dfq ÎB mz GwU Rvbv mz h, cwiev ii A_ e qi cöavb `vwq Z bvix _vk j wzwb cwiev ii ev R Ui GKwU eo Ask Lv` Ges wkïi cö qvrbxq mvgmöxi Rb ewk e q K i _v Kb GB Kvi Y bvix K A_ bwzkfv e ^wbf i niqvi my hvm w` j wkïi Rb BwZevPK my hvm-myweavi m vebv e w cvq mvgvwrk b vqwepvi GwM q biqv Mwie e j Ges fvuvwakvi bv _vkvi Kvi Y j j gv I wkï mv cöwzk `kk jvi AMÖMwZ _ K ewâz n q Q Aw ÍZ i vi cwi cöw Z `wi`ª I ^ Qj wkï `i ga Kvi ˆelg AZ ší cöku, ïay c _K `ywu ` ki g a bq GKwU ` ki Af ší ii mb cv_ K `Lv hvq hgb, cwimsl vb cövß cöwzwu ` k `wi`ªzg 20 kzvsk cwiev i emevmkvix wkï `i abxk kªbxi wkï `i Zzjbvq cuvp eqi c~y nevi Av MB g Zz i m vebv ewk; Kv bv Kv bv ` k GB Su ywk cuvp Y ewk 33 Gme ˆelg `~i Kivi Rb bxwzmz Ae v b Avg~j cwiez b Avb Z n e Rb Mvôxi `wi`ªzg 80 kzvs ki wkï g Zz i nvi 20 kzvsk abxk kªbxi wkï g Zz nv ii mgvb ch v q Avb Z Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv A j hw`i me P q ewk nv i (66 kzvsk) wkïi Rb AwbewÜZ, Gi c i 64 kzvsk AwbewÜZ wkï wb q `wÿy Gwkqv Z wbeüb bv Kiv wkïi msl v me vwak K qkwu ` k P v jäwu wekvj AvKvi aviy K i Q, we kl K i AvdMvwb Ívb, evsjv `k, mshy³ ZvbRvwbqv cörvzš Ges Rvw ^qvq Gme ` k Rb wbeüb c wzi Kvh KvwiZv I mwμqzvi NvUwZi Kvi Y Rb wbeü bi nvi LyeB wbgœ ch v q BDwb m di wnmve Abyhvqx evsjv `k Ges Rvw ^qvq gvî 10 kzvsk Rb wbewüz nq, Ab w` K mshy³ ZvbRvwbqv cörvz š Rb wbeü bi nvi wvk 8 kzvsk Rb wbeüb Ges ^v mevi my hvm cövwß Lye Nwbófv e m úwk Z, we kl K i cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx wkïi Î Avwd«Kvi ek K qkwu ` ki Dcv Ë `Lv hvq, R b i mgq ` ^v Kg xi Dcw wz Ges Rb wbeü bi g a wbweo m úk i q Q ewb b `Lv hvq, R b i mgq ` ^v Kg xi mnvqzv cviqv wkï `i 78 kzvs ki Rb wbeüb n q Q, Avi hviv mb mnvqzv cvqwb Zv `i gvî 28 kzvs ki Rb wbeüb n q Q AviI `Lv hvq h, Rb wbeü bi nv ii m ½ wukv Ges wfuvwgb-g m ú~ik biqvi Ges GKB m ½ wpwkrmv mevi cövwßii m úk we` gvb hgb, Pv ` wfuvwgb G m ú~ik cviqv wkï `i 38 kzvs ki Rb wbeüb n q Q, Zzjbvq m ú~ik cvqwb Ggb wkï `i Rb wbeüb n q Q 15 kzvsk Aciw` K Rb wbeüb bv niqvi Kvi Y A bk ` k wkïiv iæz c~y ^v Kg m~wpi my hvm _ K ewâz n Q mvgvwrk eâbv Ges mvgvwrk mev MÖn Yi my hvm bv _vkvi g Zv cwiw wz weivr Kivq wczv-gvzv Zv `i mšívb `i Rb wbeü b Lye Zvrch Lu y R cvb bv we kl K i cöz ší GjvKvq wczv-gvzviv Zv `i bvmwik Z i Kv bv mydj `L Z cvb bv Ges g b K ib h Rb wbeüb Zv `i mšívb `i Rb I Kv bv mydj wbwðz Ki e bv AviI `L hvq, hlb wczv-gvzv Rb wbeü bi Rb cwikíbv K ib ZLb D P Rb wbeüb e q Ges wbeüb K `ªi `~iz cöej evav n q `uvovq BDwb m di mv cöwzk GK we køl Y 20wU ` k Kg Rb wbeü bi cöv_wgk KviY wnmv e wbeüb e q ewk niqv K `Lv bv n q Q Ges ejv n q Q Gi d j abx I `wi`ª cwiev ii Rb wbeü b ˆelg ˆZwi n q Q mshy³ ZvbRvwbqv cörvz š mvgmöxkfv e Rb wbeüb nvi Lye wbgœ ch v q, mlv b abx I `wi`ª `i Rb wbeü b e vck ˆelg, `wi`ª wkï `i gvî 2 kzvs ki Rb wbeüb nq, Ab w` K abx wkï `i ÿ Î Zv 25 kzvsk mve Rwbb Rb wbeü b mdj n Z n j mikvi, wczv-gvzv Ges KwgDwbwU K GKm ½ KvR Ki Z n e Ges Rb wbeüb K AMÖvwaKv ii RvqMvq wb Z n e, hgb RvZxq wukv`vb cöpviyvi m ½ Rb wbeü bi cöpviyv hy³ Kiv GKwU fv jv KŠkj n Z cv i hlv b GB mgš^q n q Q mlv bb fv jv dj cviqv M Q, GgbwK me P q mgm v-mskzj cwiw wz ZI 2003 mv j AvdMvwb Ív b RvZxq cvwji wukv w`e mi m ½ GK eq ii Kg eqmx wkï `i Rb wbeü bi cöpviyv hy³ Kiv n qwqj mb cöpviyv ewa Z K i 2004 mv j wb q hviqv nq Ges IB eq ii ga -A ±ve i cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx 20 jvl wkï Gi AvIZvq Av m `Lyb Z_ cäx, c ôv 105 wkïi Aw ÍZ i v: Avgiv Kv_vq `uvwo q 23

msnvz ciez x cwiw wz Z wkïi Aw ÍZ i v: jvb ewiqvi P v jä Ges mvdj - G jb Rbmb-m viwjd, jvb ewiqvi ivóªcwz wbd BqK wfwëk cöwzôvb I gý Kwgkb di wiwddwr I gb GÛ wpj Wªb ej Q, wkï `i cöwz GKwU mgv Ri ` wóf½xi ga w` qb IB mgv Ri ˆbwZK DrKl cöwzdwjz nq msnvz ciez x jvb ewiqvi Î `Lv M Q `kwui fvm me P q AiwÿZ Rb Mvôxi fv M i m ½ Awe Q` fv e evav c o M Q wkï `i Aw ÍZ jvb ewiqvi Dbœqb G RÛvi gšwjk wfwë KviY GUvB GKwU RvwZ wnmv e Avgv `i DbœwZi cök wz wba viy Ki e jvb ewiqvi wkï `i Aw Í Z i ÿ Î msnv Zi cöfve LyB cöku: GLv b cöwz 1,000 RxweZ R b 235wU wkï gviv hvq, cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx wkï g Zz i nvi c w_exi me P q ewk jvb ewiqv Z; AwZwkï g Zz nvi c w_ex Z Z Zxq e nëg Ges gvz g Zz Z Ae vb GKweskZg mnmªvã Dbœqb j 4 Ges wkï `i Rb Ab vb GgwWwR AR bi Rb gvz g Zz i aviv GKwU iæz c~y gvb`ð KviY gvz ^v wkï K i v K i Ges bvixi Dbœqb I gzvq bi mȳ bxwzgvjv bv _vk j msnvz-dëi h Kv bv cwiw wz Z wkïiv Ae nwjz _ K RvwZi e _ Zvi K_vB iy Kwi q ` e GUv AmsMwZc~Y GB Kvi Y h, AvaywbK Ily ai me ai bi DbœwZ m Ë I jvb ewiqvi cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx wkïiv g v jwiqv ( gvu g Zz i 18 kzvsk), Wvqwiqv Ges wukvq cöwz iva- hvm nvg, berz Ki abyóskvi, wwc _wiqv, ûwcs Kvwk I cöej k vmkó RwbZ msμg Yi Kvi Y GL bv cövy nviv Q Uvbv Acywó Ges wfuvwgb I Lwb Ri NvUwZ Gi g~j KviY, hv cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx wkï `i g a mvaviy cöeyzv ` ki RbmsL vi 51 kzvs ki Lv` wbivcëv bb wnmv e ejv n Q 2007 mv j Mf ezx gv q `i g a GBPAvBwf msμg Yi nvi kzkiv 5.7 fvm, 2004 mv j hv wqj 4 kzvsk - GUv 15 eq ii msnv Zi GKwU RwUj cwiywz Ges A_ bxwzi Gme KvVv gvmz mgm v bvix I evwjkv `i myweavewâz K i gšwjk ^v mevi my hvm e w cv Q, wkš mevi AvIZv e w Ges mieivn GLbI Ach vß, we kl K i MÖvgxY GjvKvq mk msn Zi fqven cöfve, ^v Lv Zi aÿsmcövß AeKvVv gv, cöwk Y cövß ^v Kg xi Afve Ges ^v Lv Z mikvix m ú `i AcÖZzjZv - Gme ev ÍeZvi Av jv K wepvi Ki j ^v mevi mve Rwbb my hvm m wói KvRwU A bk eo gv ci jvb ewiqvi mikvi 2011 mv ji g a wkï iv Mi cö Kvc Ges wkï g Zz nvi n«vm Kivi Rb K Vvi cö Póv Pvjv Q mve Rwbb ^v mev wbwðz Kivi Rb RvZxq ^v bxwz Ges Kg cwikíbv cöyqb Kiv n q Q Ges Zv ev Íevqb Kiv n Q GKB m ½ wkïi Aw ÍZ i v emevb Kivi Rb RvZxq KŠkj Ges cwikíbv MÖnY Kiv n q Q gvz g Zz n«vm Kivi j GKwU KŠkj I Kg cwikíbv cöyq bi KvR Pj Q hv fwel Z Ô ivw g vcõ wnmv e KvR Ki e kvwší Ae v weivr Kivi Kvi Y QvU wkï I Mf ezx gv q `i wukvi cwigvy D jøl hvm nv i e o Q hv nvk, P v jä i qb M Q wbivc` cvwb, Rxeb avi Yi Rb hv AZ vek K, jvb ewiqvi ivravbx gvb ivwfqvmn wecyj RbemwZc~Y GjvKvi Rb mnrcövc Kiv n qwqj msnvz ïiæi Av M, wkš b ji gva g cvwb biqvi AwaKvsk AeKvVv gvb aÿsm n q M Q ez gv b b ji cvwb mieivn e e vi cybe vmb n Q Av Í Av Í Ges gvb ivwfqv Qvov Ab me bmi K `ª jv b ji cvwb QvovB Pj Q wbivc` enb hvm cvbxq Rj Qvov wkïiv euvp Z cv i bv Ges Zv `i wekvk N U bv wkš ez gv b jv ewiqvq 32 kzvs ki Kg mb my hvm cv Q h Kv bv fv jv wkï i v KŠk ji cöavb Í n Q ^v I wk v Giv GKB gỳ ªvi GwcU-IwcU Ges GgwWwR 4 AR b Ki Z n j jvb ewiqv K Aek B GKB m ½ G jv gvkv ejv Ki Z n e jvb eixq Rb Mvôxi GKUv weivu Ask wbi i hvi AbygvwbK wnmve 68 kzvsk (cyiæl 55 Ges bvix 81 kzvsk) we kl K i g q `i Rb ^v izv Ges wk vi welqwu DbœZZi wkï i v e e vi m ½ Nwbôfv e m úwk Z 2006 mv ji g q wkïi Rb cöyxz wk vbxwzi D Ïk n Q mkj g qi Rb wk vi e e v Kiv wkïi myiÿv wbwðz Ki Z g q wkï `i wbivcëvi cö qvrb i q Q msnv Zi Kvi Y Kg eqmx A bk g q Mf ezx n q Q Ges A b K BwZg a gv n q Q hšb wbh vzb, wbcxob I nqivwb _ K, Mf aviy I GBWm&& _ K wk kvix g q `i i vi Rb c _K cö Póv `ikvi wb R `i euvpvi AwaKvi Ges Zv `i mšívb `i AwaKvi myiÿvi Rb G jv `ikvi wkïi myiÿvi welq jv K K `ª K i h K g v` M i q Q Zvi cybr vmiy `ikvi Ges mb D`vË Avnev b bz Z w` Q jvb ewiqv Avgiv GUv wbwðz Ki Z PvB h, Avgv `i wkïiv myiÿvi avc cwi q Dbœq bi mªvzavivq wg k hv e, wekwkz n e Ges Drcv`b g bvmwi K iƒcvšíwiz n e 24 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

n e GUv mvgmöxkfv e GKwU ` ki Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz nv ii Ici bvukxq cöfve dj Z cv i 34 GB cš vq wek e vcx Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï g Zz i 40 kzvsk iva Kiv m e 35 ˆelg, fšmwjk wew QbœZv, wczv-gvzvi wk vi wbgœnvi, gnvgvix AvKv i GBW mi we Ívi Ges mk msnvz I cövk wzk `y h v Mi g Zv Riæwi cwiw wzi Kvi Y wkï ^v mev _ K ewâz nq A bk wkï GKvwaK Kvi Y wzmö Í nq Gid j Zv `i Kv Q Rxebi vkvix Kg KvÐ cušqv bvi m vebv Av iv K g hvq ˆelg `~i Kivi mdj cš v n Q hv `i Kv Q cušqv bv me P q KwVb Zv `i Rb ^v Kg m~wp MÖnY Kiv `wi`ª `i ^v mevq fizzwk `Iqv Ges Ab hviv bvbv Î ewâz Zv `i K mvgvwrk wecbb e e vi AvIZvq Avbv GUv wbwðz Kiv me P q Riæwi h, wkï i vi Kg KvÐ I mev `vb KŠkj wba vi Y mgzv ervq _vk e GUv Kivi Rb RwicwfwËK DcvË _ K cy iv cwiw wzi GKwU mvgmöxk aviyv ivlv `ikvi Ges Zv wk v I G vw fv Kwmi Kv RI e envi Kiv h Z cv i RvZxq I AvšÍR vwzk ch v q wbqwgz bri`vwii e e v Kivi cvkvcvwk Revew`wnZv wbwðz Ki Z KŠkjI wba viy Ki Z n e gv, bervzk Ges wkïi avivevwnk mevi P v jä e w ez gvb mg q AZ vek K mev _ K ewâz wkï `i mevi AvIZvq Avbvi Rb ^v mev cö`vbkvix `i Ic i ewy Z wewfbœ ai bi P v jä gvkv ejv Ki Z n Q wkï i vi g~j P v jä wkï g Zz i AvcvZ KviY ev Zvi mgva bi g a wbwnz bq eis GUv wbwðz Kiv `ikvi h IBme mgvav bi Rb h mev I wk v cö qvrb Zv me P q cövwšík `k I vbxq Rb Mvôxi Kv Q hb cušqvq GB cöwz e` bi evwk As k `Lv hv e A bk `k, GgbwK c w_exi wkqy `wi`ªzg `k, weivu msl K wkï I cwiev ii Kv Q AZ vek Kxq mev cuš Q `evi Î iæz c~y c` c wb q Q mv cöwzk `kk jv Z Avgv `i wk v n Q, Gme c` ÿ ci Kvh Ki MwZ Ges cwiwa e w Z wkï ^v i Rb vbxq ch v q kw³kvjx mgwš^z D ` v Mi Ici we klfv e Rvi `Iqv `ikvi wkïi Aw ÍZ i v: Avgiv Kv_vq `uvwo q 25

mvims c MZ kzvãx Z c w_exi wewfbœ As k AwZwkï I wkï g Zz nvi ` k gvbfv e n«vm cviqv AvšÍR vwzk Rb ^v i Î iæz c~y mdj NUbv jvi GKwU Gi GKwU Mfxi BwZevPK cöfve c o Q gvby li Avqȳ v ji Ici hv nvk, Kv Q _ K GB mvaviy AbyK~j avivi cöwz bri ivl j `Lv hvq h AMÖMwZi eèb n q Q Amg wkqy `k I A j 1990 Gi `kk _ K AMÖMwZi aviv úófv e gš i n q c o Q GBW mi Kvi Y Mo Avqy K g hviqv Z Ges my hvmvkªqx msμgy, h²v, g v jwiqv I Acywói Kvi Y g Zz nvi e w cviqv Z Avwd«Kv gnv ` ki `w Yv j AwZwkï I cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx wkïg Zz e w c q Q G Î wemz `kk jvi ch vß AMÖMwZi wnmve cviqv M ji Avwd«Kv I `w Y Gwkqvq D P gvz g Zz nvi i q M Q, hv MÖnY hvm bq mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j jvi (GgwWwR) mgqmxgv 2015 mvj wbkuez x n Q, Ges `Lv hv Q A bk jv ` k j jv AR b h _ó AMÖMwZ nqwb GB cöwi cöw Z wkqy Riæwi cökœ DÌvwcZ n Q, Zvn jv: wkfv e gv, bervzk I wkïi Aw ÍZ i vi MwZ em cybiæ vi Ges ciez x AvU eq i Zv e w Kiv hv e? GB GKB mgqkv j gvz g Zz nvi n«vm K i ev ÍweKc Kvb ch v q Avbv m e? gv, bervzk I wkï ^v i Rb AMÖvwaKvi jv wkfv e wewfbœ `k wba viy Ki e? wek kz Ki ïiæ _ K ez gvb mgq ch ší AZ vek Kxq mev mieiv ni wewfbœ cš vi ch v jvpbvq `Lv hvq μgweb Í wkqy Kvh Ki Kg KvÐ I bxwzgvjvi g a AMÖMwZ Z ivwš^z Kivi me P q ewk m vebv i q Q cixw Z I e q-mvkªqx ^v, cywó, cvwb, cqtmy hvm, ^v wewa, GBPAvBwf/GBWm mswkøó GBme gv, bervzk I wkïi ^v mevi AMÖMwZi avivevwnkzv Z ivwš^z Ki Z Gi KŠkjMZ wel qi cöwz Av iv iæz v ivc Kiv cö qvrb g mv Wvwbqvi mv ek hy Mvmøvf cörvz š i kiyv_ x wkwe ii GKwU ^v mev K `ª Rxeb-i vkvix Dcvq jv e vckfv e web Í KvVv gvi gva g gv I wkï K ^v mev mieivn K i my hvm cövwßi evav `~i Kiv Ges evowz Avw_ K I gvbe m ú` msmö ni welq jv Gi AvIZvq c o djvd ji Ici iæz w` Z n j gv, bervzk I wkïi Aw ÍZ i v I ^v m úwk Z mgwómz Áv bi Ici wfwë K i KŠkj M o Zvjv `ikvi; GB KŠk ji D Ïk n e c _Kfv e cöwzwu `k I KwgDwbwUi Rb me P q Kvh Ki mgvavb wpwnèz Kiv

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nq AwZwi³ Kv Ri Pv ci `iæb cyiæl I bvix bvm iv AwaKvsk cövwšík mevi KvR `ªæZ ïiæ K i K qkwu ` k Rjv cökvmk wk wbkwfwëk mev I QvU Rjv nvmcvzvj cwipvjbv ïiæ K i wkš AwaKvsk ` ki gvu nvmcvzvj kh vi 50-80 kzvsk wqj wgkb nvmcvzvj jv ZB Rb ^v i g~j welq ej Z fvev n Zv cwi ek myi v, we klz wbivc` cvwb wbwðz Ki Z `ªæZ c` c MÖnY I bmi GjvKvq cqtwb vkb e e vi DbœwZ d«vý I Ab vb BD ivwcq Dcwb ek jv Z M nxz Kg m~wp jv Bs ir Dcwb ek _ K úófv e Avjv`v wqj Ges Zv Z gnvgvix cöwz iva g~jk Kg m~wpi Ici ewk Rvi `Iqv n qwqj Gme Î, c _K GK ai bi RvZxq buiqvk g~j iæz `q wbw` ó GKwU ivm, hgb Ny gi `ye jzv, Mv` ivm, Kzô Ges Ab vb e vck msμvgk iv Mi Ici h jv g~jz Kv Ri gzv Kwg q `q gv S gv S ch vß wpwkrmv hš cvwz I åvg gvy myweavmn åvg gvy BDwbU jv ewkmsl K mvaviy gvbyl K mev `Iqv ïiæ K i Gi Ab Zg KviY wqj, GK RvqMvq w i _ K mevcö`v bi Î wewb qvm Kivi PvB Z gvvch v q wpwkrmv mev cö`v bi gva g mn RB e nëi wecyj RbM Yi Kv Q cušqv bv A bk ewk Kvh Ki wpwkrmvi cybive wëi Pμ ivm cöwz iva ev wbqš Yi PvB Z mnr wbivgqg~jk Kg Kv Ði Ici ewk Rvi `q Avwd«Kv Z cö_g w` Ki Pxbv nvmcvzvj jv vcb K i g~jz wgkbvixivb 1920 Gi `k K gvâzwiqv cö ` k `ªæZ Qwo q cov wbd gvwbqvrwbz cøm wbqš Yi j GKwU RvZxq Rb ^v c wz Pvjy Kiv nq GKwU iæz c~y HwZnvwmK welq D jøl h, GKwU mdj KwgDwbwUwfwËK cöv_wgk ^v mev e e v welqk cök íi cö_g Km vww GB mgqkvi cökíwu ebwrs kni _ K 200 wk jvwguvi `w Y Aew Z wws wrqvb (cöv³b wus mbb) G cwipvwjz nq GB cö ` ki cövq Avavwgwjqb gvby li Rb ^v mev cwipvwjz nq ^v Kg xi gva g hviv ciez xkv j Px bi ÔbMœcv qi wpwkrmk `iõ AMÖMvgx wn m e cwiwpz wqj GK kzvãxi GK-PZz_ vsk mgq a i Ges c w_exi GK-cÂgvs ki ewk nvg cöwz iva D ` vm nvg cöwz iva D ` vm GUvB cögvy K i h, ch vß m ú`, mywbw` ó j Ges myôz e e vcbvi ewk K Dj ^ (vertical) D ` vm `ªæZ MwZ cvq Ges bvukxq dj `q BDwb md I wek ^v ms vi m ½ Ab vb bz vbxq AvšÍR vwzk cöwzôvb Ges L vwzgvb e w³cöwzôv bi Askx`vwi Z i wfwë Z nvg cöwz iva D ` v Mi hvîv ïiæ n qwqj 2001 mv j 2002 mv ji g gv m RvwZms Ni mvaviy cwil `i we kl Awa ek b 1999 mvj _ K 2005 mv ji m a nvgrwbz Kvi Y wkï g Zz i nvi n«vm Kivi j wba viy Kiv nq, hv GB D ` v Mi AvIZvq ev ÍevwqZ nq GB D ` vm GLb nv gi wukv welqk MYcÖPviYvi g~j A_ hvmvb`vzvq cwiyz n q Q Gi d j 2001 _ K 2005 mv ji g a 217 wgwjq bi ewk wkï K wukv `Iqv m e nq, Gi eo AskwU Avwd«Kv gnv ` k djvdj RvwZms Ni wba vwiz j gvîv AwZμg K i: 1999-2005 mgqkv j nvgrwbz g Zz 60 kzvsk n«vm cvq cök Z g Zz i msl v Kgv bvi Î Avwd«Kvi Ae`vb 72 kzvsk AvbygwbK wnmv ei Dcmsnv i ejv n q Q, wukv`vb Kg m~wp iv M g Zz i nvz _ K 7.5 wgwjqb wkï K i v K i Q nvg cöwz ivax D ` v Mi AšÍM Z wukv`vb Kg m~wpi AvIZv e w nvgrwbz Kvi Y wkï g Zz i nvi n«vm GB Kvh μ gi cöwz mg_ b I cöwzköæwzi cöwzdjb Gi d j wukv`vb Kvh μg e vck we Í wz jvf K i wewfbœ mikvi nvgrwbz g Zz iv a û/bdwb m di mgwš^z KŠkj AbymiY K i GB KŠk ji PviwU g~j fvm (K úv b U) i q Q: cöwzwu ` ki cöwzwu Rjvq wbqwgz wukv`vb Kg m~wpi gva v g bq gvm eqm ev Zvi wvk c i cöwzwu wkï K GK gvîv ( WvR) nv gi wukv w` q Kgc 90 kzvsk wkï K GB Kg m~wpi AvIZvq Avbv me wkï K nv gi wukvi wøzxq my hvm `vb Kvh Ki bri`vix e e v cöwzôv wfuvwgb G m ú~i Ki e e vmn RwUj cwiw wz gvkv ejvq ^v K `ª e e vcbvi DbœwZ nvg wbqš Y Kvh μg bvbvfv e ^v -c wz Dbœq b Ae`vb ivl Q D`vniY wnmv e ejv hvq, wbivc` B ÄKkb `Iqvi PP v Z ivwš^z niqvq f vkwmb gry `i Rb Ô Kvì PBbÕ e e vi DbœwZ n Q Ges ˆewk K Rb ^v cix vmvi buiqvk vc bi KvR GwM q hv Q Dciš, wukv`vb cöpviyvi m ½ mvaviyz wfuvwgb G m ú~ik, K wgbvkk Ilya Ges KxUbvk K Rviv bv gkvwi weziy Kivi g Zv AZ vek Kxq mevi hy³ n q Q 28 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

RbmsL v wb q GKgvÎ Px bb me P q Kvh Ki mgzvwfwëk ^v mev e e v M nxz n qwqj GB AwfÁZvi iæz c~y w`k jv 1978 mv j mgvrzvwš K mvwf qz BDwbq bi Avjgv-AvUv Z (ez gv b AvjgvwU, KvRvL Ívb) cöv_wgk ^v mev welqk AvšÍR vwzk m j bi cwikíbv ˆZwi Z mnvqzv K iwqj kzvãxi ïiæi w` K WbgvK, b`vij vûm, bii q Ges myb Wb gvz g Zz nvi Lye `ªæZ n«vm Ki Z c iwqj cömekvjxb mg q h ai bi cöwkw Z avîx wb qvwrz wqj Zv Z K i G mdjzvi cq b G KB cöavb KviY e j g b Kiv nq DwjøwLZ GB PviwU ` ki Î `Lv M Q h, KwgDwbwUi avîx `i ` Zv e w i gva g gwnjv `i emev mi v b ckvmz mev cuš Q `Iqvi cö Póv n qwqj 2 ivm cöwz iv a MYcÖPviYv: 1950-1977 1950 mvj bvmv` we k i RbmsL v 2.5 wewjqb Qvwo q hvq Ges we k i gvby li Mo Avqy e o `uvovq 47 eq i 1950, 1960 Ges 1970 Gi `k K ek K qkwu ivm cöwz ivag~jk cö Póv Pv L c o, m jv ÔMY cöpviyvõ Kvh μg ev Ô ivm wfwëk D ` vmõ wnmv e cwiwpwz cvq GKwU mywbw` ó ivm cöwz iva ev Ae vi cwi cöw Z GB ^Zš c` c jv ˆeÁvwbKfv e Ges ivmz Ë i wepv i mwvk wqj e j cögvwyz n q Q G jvi ewkó wqj mȳ úó D Ïk wba viy, hgb wbw` ó mg q g a iv Mi cö Kvc n«vm ev wbg~ ji j wba viy Kiv; ev wb ew`z ^v Kg x `i gva g wbw` ó cöhyw³ e envi Kiv 3 Gi g a wuemší cöwz iva welqk cöpviyv me P q ewk mdj n qwqj, hvi d j 1977 mv j gvbyl- _ K-gvby l wuemší Qwo q covi me kl NUbvwU N U AviI K qkwu MYcÖPviYv, hgb wmwb wμwgi msμgy, Uªv Kvgv Ges Pg ivm `~ixki Y ev h _ó cwigv Y n«vm Ki Z mdj n qwqj m cömvwiz wukv`vb Kg m~wp (BwcAvB) ïiæ n qwqj 1974 mv j, m ez GUvB BwZnv mi me P q mdj cöwz ivag~jk Rb ^v Kg m~wp GB Kg m~wpi cwikíbv cöyq bi mgq wuem šíi cöpviyvi mdjzvi g~j welq jv K e envi Kiv n qwqj wkï `i Rxe bi cö_g eq i QqwU wbw` ó ivm, hgb- wwc _wiqv, wpî: 2.1 nvgrwbz g Zz i ˆewk K evsv* *AÂj jv wek ^v ms vi AÂj K wb ` k K i m~î: w` j vb mu-g cökvwkz wek ^v ms vi AvbygvwbK wnmve, msl v. 369, 20 Rvbyqvix 2007, c ôv 194 2005 mv ji g gv m AbywôZ wek ^v m j b GKwU bzzb ˆewk K j wba viy Kiv nq hlv b ejv nq - 2010 mvj bvmv` nvgrwbz g Zz 2000 mv ji Zzjbvq 90 kzvsk Kwg q Avb Z n e j c~iy Kiv KwVb Ges GUv AR bi Rb hme `k fv jv KvR Ki Q mme ` ki AMÖMwZ ˆUKmB Ki Z n e hgb fviz I cvwk Ívb 2005 mv j 345,000 gvbyl GB iv M gviv hvq Ges G `i 90 kzvs ki eqm wqj cuvp eq ii wb P gvivz K GB nv gi weiæ hy i wkqy Dcvq ei Ki Z n e D PvgvÎvq msμvgk GB ivm cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx wkï g Zz i iæz c~y KviY wnmv e i q M Q, we k i me ai bi g Zz i Pvi kzvskb n Q nvgrwbz nvg wkïi Ab vb Su ywkc~y ivm I Ae v hgb wbd gvwbqv, Wvqwiqv ev Zxeª gw Í cö`vn Gm ei cöwz iva gzv Kwg q `q wukvi gva g cöwz iva hvm A_P wkï g Zz i Ab Zg KviY wnmv e nvg GLbI i q M Q 1990-2005 mv ji g a nvgrwbz g Zz n«v mi mdjzv GUvB e j h, AvšÍR vwzk Askx`vi I RvZxq mikv ii ivr bwzk mw` Qv, Avw_ K cöwzköæwz _vk j Kvh Kix KŠkj ev Íevq bi gva g cixw Z, e q mvkªqx wpwkrmv cö`vb Kiv m e hw` nvg wbqš Yi cöwzköæwz vqx nq Zv n j wek vm Kivi A bk KviY Av Q h nvg wbqš Yi bzzb j gvîv AR b Kiv m e hv mnmªvã Dbœqb j 4 Gi AMÖMwZ Z ivwš^z Ki Z mnvqzv Ki e `Lyb Z_ cäx, c ôv 106 wekvkgvb ^v mev c wz I PP v _ K wk v MÖnY 29

abyóskvi, ûwcs Kvwk, cvwji, nvg I h²v msμgy _ K i vi Rb cöv_wgkfv e BwcAvB Kg m~wp cwipvwjz nq hlb G Kvh μg ïiæ n qwqj, ZLb we k i 5 kzvs kii Kg wkï K Gme iv Mi wukv `Iqv n Zv ez gvb cwimsl vb Abyhvqx we k wukv cö`v bi nvi 75% Qvwo q M Q; wwc _wiqv, abyóskvi Ges ûwcskvwki cöwz lak e env ii gva g GB nvi cwigvc Kiv nq MYcÖPviYvi BwZnv mi cö_g w` K ^v mev cö`v bi Rb nv Z biqv Kg cš v K KLbI ÔDj '^Õ (ev Ô kªbxwfwëkõ) ev KLbI ÔAvbyf~wgKÕ e j ey bv Kiv n q Q Kg m~wp KvVv gv ˆZwi Z `ywu gvîvi GB cv_ K cwigvc Kiv hvq: mvaviy ^v c wz e e vcbvi g a Kg m~wp e e vcbv K hy³ Kivi gvîv, we kl K i wbgœ Í ii e e vcbvi (Avbyf~wgK) wecix Z KovKwofv e c _K ivlv e e vc Ki c`mg~n (Dj ^) Avi GKwU gvîv n Q, A bk jv Kv Ri (Avbyf~wgK) wecix Z ^v Kg xi m úv` bi Rb gvî GKwU KvR (Dj ^) 4 Dj ^ ev Abyf~wgK ZË mg~ ni AšÍM Z Zzjbvg~jK myweav ev evuavmg~n fv jvfv e wjwce Av Q, Ges wezk jvi GKwU mgwš^z ch v jvpbv Ki j Zv AZxZ Kvh μ gi my hvm jv KI AwZμg K i hvq GKwUi myweav Ab wui euvav Z bvbvfv e cöwzdwjz nq cöv_wgk ^v mev: 1978-1989 wøzxq wek hy ciez x `wi`ª `k jv Z 1978 mv ji Avjgv-AvUv Z AbywôZ cöv_wgk ^v mev welqk AvšÍR vwzk m j bi ci KwgDwbwUwfwËK ^v mevi mdj m Rbkxj Avwef ve N U G jvi g a i q Q bvb Rwiqv Z cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx `i Rb wk wbk, B `v bwkqvq KwgDwbwU ^v Kg x, Px b bmœcv qi wpwkrmk Ges wkdev I wf qzbv gi wbr ^ ^v c wz 5 Avjgv-AvUv m jb Ges mgmvgwqk NvlYvmg~n AZ ší iæz c~y gvbjdjk GB m jb wqj m mgq ch ší AvšÍR vwzk ^v I Dbœqb wel q gvî GKwU K `ªxq wpšív wb q AbywôZ me P q eo m jb m j b 134wU `k Ges 67 wu emikvix msmv bi cöwzwbwa I RvwZms Ni cöwzwbwaiv Dcw Z wq jb m j bi ixwz Abyhvqx m Rbkxj aviyvmg~n K GKwÎZ Kiv nq hv Ô2000 mv ji g a mk ji Rb ^v Õ GB iæz c~y ˆewk K cöwzköæwz Mªn Yi c_ `Lvq GKBfv e Avjgv- AvUv m j b mngz cvly K i 1990 mv j wkï `i Rb wek kxl m jb Ges AwZ m cöwz mnmªvã NvlYv I mnmªvã Dbœqb j jvi cöwzköæwz M nxz nq Avjgv-AvUv m j b cöv_wgk ^v mevi h ZË ev ` wófw½ ˆZwi n qwqj Zv Z mgzvi gzev`, KwgDwbwUi m ú ³Zv, wewfbœ Lv Zi g a mn hvwmzv, mwvk cöhyw³i e envi, mnrjf Zv Ges ^v i DbœwZ GB welq jv iæz c qwqj ^v e e vcbvi Dbœq bi Î G jv wb ` kbvg~jk bxwzgvjv wn m e M nxz n q Avm Q GB bxwzgvjvi g a Av Q: Rb ^v Kvh μg wdwi q Avbv I cybcö qv Mi g Zv e nëi Rb Mvôxi ^v mswkøó welq; vb I mgq f ` mevi mgš^ qi Ici iæz v ivc; ^v c wzi mg Í Dcv`vb e envi K i ivm cöwz iva, Riæwi mev Ges `xn gqv`x mevi g a ms hvm vcb; ` Zv Dbœq b cö Póv I g~j vqb; Ges RbM Yi ^v cök wz wba viy wkfv e ^v mev Kvh μg cwipvwiz n e, A_ vq bi Drm Kx n e Ges e w³ I KwgDwbwU Z wkfv e mev hv e mme wel q wm vší MÖn Yi wfwëi ˆZwi nq GB bxwzgvjvi gva g 6 Avjgv-AvUv NvlYvi mycvwik Abyhvqx cöv_wgk ^v mevi AšÍf y³ b~ bzg welq jv n jv: ^v wk v ch vß Lv` I mwvk cywó mieivn wbivc` cvwb I gšwjk cqtmyweav gvz I wkï cwiph v ˆkkeKvjxb cöavb ivmmg~ ni cöwz lak mvaviy ivm I RL g mwvk wpwkrmv vbxq gnvgvix ivmmg~ ni cöwz iva I wbqš Y AZ vek Kxq Ily ai e e v g~jz BD ivc I Ab vb `k jv Z ÔmsjMœ GjvKvg~LxÕ A_ev Ô QvU GjvKvÕ ev Ôga ez x MvôxÕ bv g h aviyv i q Q ZviB Dbœqb NwU q wek ^v ms v cöv_wgk ^v mev e e vi GKwU g Wj wn m e Rjv ^v e e v aviyvi ev Íevq bi K_v e j 7 cöv_wgk ^v mevi A bk myweav m Ë I we klz 1980 Gi `k K cöwzk~j A_ bwzk AvenvIqvi cwi cöw Z Gi ev Íevqb e vnz nq ^v mev, cvwb eèb, er e e vcbv I Lv ` i gvb wbqš Yi g Zv Rb mev _ K wewfbœ ivóª mnvqzv cöz vnvi K i GB Ae v A bk Dbœqbkxj ` ki cövwšík ^v mev e e vcbv cövq aÿsm K i d j GKB Kvi Y KwgDwbwUwfwËK ^v Kvh μ gi Rb mg_ b K g hvq 8 30 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

wbe vwpz cöv_wgk mev Ges wkïi Aw ÍZ i vi weez b: 1980Gi `kk 1980 `k Ki ïiæi w` K wkï ^v GKwU ÔbxieÕ Riæwi Ae v wn m e weivr KiwQj, ZLb eq i cövq 15 wgwjqb wkï Zvi R b i cuvp eqi c~y nevi Av MB gviv hvw Qj 1970 mv ji k li w` K Rywjqv Iqvj&k I K b_ Iqv ib bv gi `yõrb weávbx Ôwbe vwpz cöv_wgk ^v mev: Dbœqbkxj `k jv Z ivm cöwz iv ai ga ez x KŠkjÕ kxl K hymvšíkvix cöe Ü myj f bervzk I wkï g Zz nvi `yªz n«v mi wekí KŠkj cö Íve K iwq jb 9 Zuviv wkï g Zz i cöavb KviY jvi Av cw K f~wgkv we køly Ges m jv cöwz iv a we` gvb mev e e vi ZvwjKv ˆZwi K iwq jb Zuviv GB wm v ší DcbxZ n qwq jb h, cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx wkïi GKwU eo As ki g Zz i Rb KZK jv QvU KviY `vqx (Ab v b i g a Wvqwiqv, g v jwiqv, k vmz š i cö`vn, nvg GemB cöavb) GB KviY jv wukv`vb (A_P mmgq mvivwe k i gvî 15 kzvsk wkï wukv`v bi AvIZvq wqj) gy L Zij MÖn Yi gva g wpwkrmv, ey Ki `ya LvIqv bv Ges g v jwiqv cöwz ivak Ilya Gm ei gva g mn RB cöwz iva Kiv m e wqj 10 Zuv `i M elyvi djvdj Ggb mgq cökvwkz nq hlb Dj ^ I mgvšíivj myweav Ges mgwš^z cöv_wgk ^v mevi bxwzgvjv Kvh Ki Kg m~wp Z iƒcvšíi Kiv hvq wkbv m wel q wezk PjwQj wez K i d j ˆZwi nq Òwbe vwpz cöv_wgk ^v mevó bv gi bzzb KŠkj 11 Avjgv AvUv NvlYvi ciez x eq i mgwš^z cöv_wgk ^v mev ev Íevq bi cö_g c` c wn m e GB KŠkj M nxz n ji GwU wb Ri iæ Z i Kvi YB ^vfvwekfv eb Lye `ªæZ GKwU Av` k cwiyz nq GwU cöv_wgk ^v mev Kvh μ gi P q ewk mywbw` ó Ges ` k gvb, KviY Dj ^ cš vi me gšwjk Dcv`vb GZ i q Q Ges wkï g Zz i Rb g~l Z `vqx ivm jv Gi j e 12 GB KvVv gvi Ici wfwë K i 1982 mv j Ôwkïi Aw ÍZ i vi wecøeõ ïiæ nq hvq cy ivfv M wqj BDwb md GwU PviwU ^íe vqx meve e vi Ici K `ªxf~Z wqj hv mgwómzfv e wriweavb (GOBI) K wb ` k K i: Acywói wkkvi wkïi e w cwigvc, ˆkkeKvjxb Wvqwiqvi Î gy L Zij MÖn Yi gva g wpwkrmv, ey Ki `ya LvIqv bvi gva g QvU wkï `i mȳ ^v wbwðz Kiv Ges wkï `i QqwU gvivz K iv Mi cöwz lak wukv `Iqv wek ^v ms vi bz Z cwipvwjz wriweavb K m cömvwiz wukv`vb Kg m~wp Ges WvqwiqvRwbZ ivm I k vmz š i cö`vn wbqš Yi Kg m~wpi g Zv e n`vkvi Kg m~wpi gva g mg_ b Kiv nq ciez xkv j, wriweavb Z Av iv wzbwu Dcv`vb hy³ nq, - m ú~ik Lv`, cwiev i mšívb MÖn Yi ÿ Î wbw` ó mg qi e eavb Ges bvix wk v Ges Zv wriweavb GdGdGd (GOBI FFF)- G cwiyz n q Q 13 wkï `i Aw ÍZ i vi Rb GmKj gšwjk c` cmg~ ni iæz c q Q ˆewk K G vw fv Kwmi Î G Z DrmvwnZ n q A bk `k wkï i vi GB gšwjk Kvh μgmg~ ni c ô cvlkzv I ev Íevq bi Rb wbr ^ RvZxq e e vcbv M o Zv j 14 cö_g _ KB wbe vwpz cöv_wgk ^v mevi cöwz `vzviv AvMÖn cökvk K i Ges Ôwkïi Aw ÍZ i võ Kg m~wp jv Z mnvqzv cö`v bi Rb m ú` mieivn Ki Z AvMÖn cökvk K i GB D ` v Mi Kvi Y KwgDwbwUwfwËK mev e e vi wkkowu UNICEF/HQ06-2765/Bruno Brioni ˆkkeKvjxb ivm _ K wkï `i myiÿv w` Z wukv mdj cögvwyz n q Q AvBfwi Kv i GKwU wkï wwwcwu-3 wukv wb Q Zviv a i iv L, GKB m ½ Zviv mywbw` ó j AR bi Rb Avc vk Z m~jf wpwkrmv cöhyw³ e env ii IciI Rvi w` Z _v K wbe vwpz cöv_wgk mevi D ` vmmg~n mv cöwzk `kk jv Z A bkuv mdj cögvwyz n q Q wriweavb-gdgdgd Ges wek ^v ms vi D ` vmmg~ ni Kvi Y cöv_wgk ^v mev we klz wukv`vb Ges gy L Zij MÖn Yi wpwkrmv c wzi cöpv i D jøl hvm AMÖMwZ mvwaz n q Q Gme cö Póv wbtm ` n we k cvup eq ii Kg eqmx wkï g Zz nvi e vckfv e n«vm Ki Q; 1980 mv j 1,000 RxweZ R b 115 g Zz K g 1990 mv j Zv 1,000 RxweZ R b 93 Z G m `uvovq, A_ vr GK`k K 19 kzvsk n«vm wekvkgvb ^v mev c wz I PP v _ K wk v MÖnY 31

mgwš^z LvZIqvix cš v Ges ^v c wzi Ici iæz v ivc: 1990 Gi `kk wbe vwpz cöv_wgk ^v mevi AR b m Ë I 1980 Gi `k Ki kl bvmv`, wewfbœ Dbœqbkxj ` k ^v c wz AZ ší Pv ci g a c o G Î cöavb wzbwu Kvi Yi g a wqj RbmsL v e w, j vwub Av gwikv I Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv A ji wewfbœ ` ki FY wech q Ges cöv³b mvwf qz BDwbqb I c~e BD iv ci `k jv Z ivr bwzk I A_ bwzk μvwšíkvjxb Ae v Gi cwi cöwÿ Z A bk `k Zv `i μgebwzkxj I Kg iæz c~y ^v e e v K X j mvrv bvi D ` vm bq, ^v Lv Zi Kvh KvixZv, `ÿzv I A_ bwzk mÿgzv Ges mgzv e w K i evgv Kv D ` vm eû `k e envi K i GiKg GKwU D ` vm Ôevgv Kv D ` vmõ bv g cwiwpz 1987 mv j gvwji evgv Kv Z AbywôZ wek ^v ms vi Avwd«Kvi ^v gš x `i mfvq GB D ` vm cö_g MÖnY K i GB KŠk ji g~j jÿ wqj Avwd«Kv I mvnviv A ji `k jvi Rbmvavi Yi gv S ^v K `ªi gva g mgwš^z bbÿ Zg ^v mev cö`v bi gva g cöv_wgk ^v mevi cö ek hvm Zv e w I Kgÿ wbwui gšwjk Pvwn`v c~iy GB Kvh μ gi AvIZvq ^v mev cö`vbkvix I KwgDwbwUi g a GKUv wbqwgz hvmv hvm Ges Ily ai mnrjf Zvi Dci iæz v ivc Kiv nq (evgv Kv D ` vm we ÍvwiZ Rvbvi Rb `Lyb c v jb, c ôv 36) mgš^q evgv Kv D ` v Mi GKwU iæz c~y K `ªxq welq wqj AZ vek K mevmg~ ni mgš^qkiy, hv 1990 Gi `k K g~j PvwjKv kw³ Z iƒcvšíwiz nq mgwš^zkiy D ` vm g~jz wbe vwpz cöv_wgk mev I cöv_wgk ^v mevi myweav jv K hy³ Kivi Póv K i wbe vwpz G v cöv Pi g Zv Zviv GKwU wbw` ó ^v mgm v gvkv ejvq wbw` ó mgq mxgvq GK Q e q-mvkªqx mgvav bi Ici Rvi `q Ab w` K GKBm ½ cöv_wgk ^v mevi g Zv KwgDwbwUi AskMÖnY, wewfbœ Lv Zi mn hvwmzv Ges mvaviy ^v mev mieivn e e vi RvZxq wukv w`em Ges wkï ^v w`em Dbœqbkxj we k wbw` ó GK-w`bwfwËK MY cvwji wukv`vb cöpviyv _ KB RvZxq wukv w`em (GbAvBwW) Gi DrcwË RvZxq wukv w`em GLbI A bk ` k cvwjz nq Ges GUv GKwU m ú~ik e e v Ges wbqwgz wukv`vb Kg m~wpi cwie Z GwU cvwjz nq bv Gi g~j D Ïk wqj cvwji we Ívi iv a cuvp eq ii Kgeqmx mewkï K wukv `Iqv, h me wkï Av M cvwji wukv wb q Q ZvivI GB Kg m~wpi AšÍf y³ n e wkï ^v i Rb c _Kfv e GKwU w`b wba viy K i MYKvh μg MÖn Yi aviyv bzzb wkqy bq evikzbv dv mv, K jvw ^qv Ges Zzi i g Zv ` k 1980 Gi `k K mdjfv e w`em cvj bi cix v-bxwi v nq mv cöwzkkv j G ½vjv, wm qiv wjib Ges mvgvwjqvq mwμq M nhy eü i L wkï `i kvwšíc~y I wbivc ` wukv biqvi my hvm K i `q ` ckv`v iiv ^ Qv mek evwnbxi KvR Z`viwK K i gy L LvIqv wukvi Kvi Y myb ev wmwi Äi `ikvi nq bv, ZvB MY wukv`vb GKwU A_ -mvkªqx e e v wkï ^v w`em jv GLb Avi ïay cvwji wukv`v bi g a mxgve bb, wkï `i ÔwfUvwgb GÕ m ú~ik cö`v bi g Zv Ab vb mevii my hvm ˆZwi K i Q wr ^vey q Z GB w` b KxUbvk K Rviv bv gkvwi weziy Kiv nq Ges Ab vb wukvi `Iqv nq bcvj I bvb Rwiqvi g Zv Ab vb `k GKB ai bi KvR K i bcv ji wfuvwgb G Kg m~wp we klfv e D jøl hvm KviY GB Kg m~wp ev Íevq bi Rb bvix KwgDwbwU ^v ^ Qv mek `i we` gvb buiqvk e envi Kiv nq Kg m~wpwu LyeB A_ -mvkªqx AvbygvwbK wnmv e ejv nq GKwU g Zz 327-397 gvwk b Wjvi wz K i Ab w` K cöwzeüx-wbqwš Z Rxeb eq i (wwggjiqvb) AR b AvbygvwbK 11-12 gvwk b Wjvi Kg m~wp Ae vnzfv e cömvwiz n q Q, ïiæ Z 32 wu Rjv _vk ji MZ AvU eq i 75wU Rjvi me jv Gi AvIZvq G m Q, cöwz eqi 8-10 Rjvq Kvh μg e w c q Q mevi AvIZv evov Z RvZxq wukv w`em jvi mnvqzv K i Q GKwU wbw` ó v b Ges GKwU wbw` ó mg q mgwš^z mev cö`v bi Rb wkï w`em jv Kvh Ki - cwievi I ^v mev`vbkvix Df qi Rb myweavrbk wkï ^v mßv ni g Zv GKB ai bi aviyv jv AZ vek Kxq mev _ K mvaviyfv e ewâz e vck msl vq wkï `i Kv Q ^v mev MÖn Yi my hvm e w Ki Q `Lyb Z_ cäx, c ôv 106 32 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

mgš^ qi IciI Rvi `q 1990 `k K eo ai bi mgwš^zki Yi GKwU iæz c~y `xn vqx D`vniY n jv AvBGgwmAvB ev ˆkkeKvjxb Amȳ Zvi mgwš^zkiy e e vcbv 1992 mv j BDwb md I wek ^v ms v KZ K D vwez Ges ZLb _ K cövq 100wUiI ekx ` k ev ÍevwqZ n Q GB AvBGgwmAvB GB c wz g~jz we Í Z kkekvjxb Amȳ Zv welqk ivm e e vcbvq (Cross cutting) e envi Kiv nq Ges ^xk wz `Iqv nq h mvaviyz Kv bv iv Mi Rb GKvwaK KviY `vqx 15 hw`i, A bk Î Amȳ wkïi g a GKBmv _ wewfbœ iv Mi j Y `Lv `q Ges GgbwK KwgDwbwU Z cö qvrbxq cöv_wgk cix v-wbix vi myweav _vkv m Ë I mywbw` ófv e ivm wby q RwUjZv `Lv `q Zvi d j iæzi cwiw wzi gy LvgywL n Z nq AvBGgwmAvB KŠk ji wzbwu cöv_wgk Dcv`vb i q Q hv cöwzwu ` ki cö vcu Abyhvqx Lvc LvB q biqv cö qvrb: ^v Kg x `i ` Zve w : iv Mi j Y wby q, wpwkrmvi Rb mwvk e e v MÖn Yi Rb ^v Kg x `i cöwk Y, wkï `i Rb h _vchy³ wpwkrmvi e e v I mevcö`vbkvix `i Z_ cö`vb Gme welq Gi AšÍf y³ vbxq ch v q M nxz wb ` kbv Abyhvqx ^v Kg xiv wkïg Zz i cvupwu cöavb KviY hgb- Zxeª k vmz š i msμgy we klz wbd gvwbqv, WvqwiqvRwbZ ivm, nvg, g v jwiqv Ges Acywó e e vcbvq ` Zv AR bi cöwk Y jvf Ki e ^v c wzi DbœwZ: ˆkkeKvjxb Amȳ Zvi Kvh Ki e e vcbvi Rb GB Dcv`vb ^v c wz kw³kvjx Kivi Ici Rvi `q GRb cö qvrb Ily ai mnrjf Zvq mnvqzv, Rviv jv ZË veavb, idv ij e e v kw³kvjxkiy Ges ^v Z_ c wz Rvi`vi Kiv Gi gva g RvZxq I Rjv ch v qi e e vck `i Rb cwikíbv wb ` kbv mieivn Kiv nq KwgDwbwU I cwievwik PP vi DbœwZ: me kl Dcv`vb n jv ˆkkeKvjxb Amȳ Zvq KwgDwbwUwfwËK ^v Lv Z A_ vqb: LvZwfwËK e e vmg~n Ges AwZ FYMÖ Í `wi`ª `k jvi D ` vm 1990 Gi `k K Dj ^ AwfMg bi cövavb e w i m vebvi cöw Z D ØM evo Z _v K KviY GB AwfMg bi ewk SuvK e e vcbv, cwipvjbv Ges mieivn KvVv gv ˆZwi I e env ii cöwz GB welq jv ivm wbqš Yi RvZxq ^v c wz _ K Avjv`v GB D ØM _ K ^v Lv Z A_ vq bi bzzb cš vi D e N U: LvZwfwËK c wz ( m±i-iqvbw G v cövp) GB c wz Z mikv ii bz Z GKwU GKK cwikíbvi AvIZvq ^v Lv Zi bxwzgvjv, KŠkj I Li Pi Rb eo ai bi Znwej mnvqzv cö`vb Kiv nq LvZ wbwe k l ^v mev cö`v bi Rb GKwU mvaviy e e v AbymiY Kiv nq mikvix bxwzgvjvi AvIZvq A_ e q I wnmve wbqš Y Kiv nq LvZwfwËK e e v ek wkqy D Ïk wb q ˆZwi n qwqj: `vzv `i cökíwfwëk mnvqzvi mxgve Zv wpwnèz Kiv, mvwe K ^v LvZ cybm V bi D Ïk c~iy wbwðz Kiv, wewfbœ ` ki jb- ` bi eo ai bi LiP Kgv bv Ges `vzv I `k jvi g a AwaKvi I `vwq Z i wfwë Z cök Z Askx`vwiZ M o Zvjv LvZwfwËK e e v MwZkxj, GwU Kv bv wkqyi klcövší bq Ges GB e e vq wewfbœ ` ki g a cöpwjz wfbœzvi cöwzdjb N U LvZwfwËK e e vcbv Av jvpbv I Av vi cwi ek ˆZwi K i, Lv Zi AMÖvwavi jvi Ici mȳ úó iæz v ivc K i Ges bxwz I ev Íevq bi g a m úk ˆZwi Ki Z mvnvh K i Gi mxgve Zvi g a Av Q cwikíbvi wek` e vl vi Ici AwZwi³ iæz v ivc; bvmwik mgv Ri mxwgz AskMÖnY; K Kx K i Q Zvi `ye j e e vcbv; Ges `vzv `i mgš^ qi iæz _ K mevi DbœwZ I djvd ji w` K iæz cö`v bi AwZ aximwz 1990 Gi `k Ki kl w` K AwZ FYMÖ Í `wi`ª `k jvi D ` vm ev Íevqb K i AvšÍR vwzk A_ Znwej I wek e vsk mb cöw Z ^v Lv Zi Ici iæz w` q Ges wbgœ Av qi `k jvi A_ vqb m úwk Z cybm Vb Av iv cök ÍZi K i `vwi`ª we gvpb KŠkjc Î (wcavigmwc) AšÍf y³ Kiv nq ga gqv`x e q KvVv gv, wcavigmwc mn eû-evwl K mikvwi cwikíbv - G jv e eüz nq fwel r ev R Ui cwikíbv Ki Z Ges bxwz cwiez b I bzzb Kg m~wpi Kvi Y m ú `i Ici Kx cöfve c o Zv g~j vqb Ki Z `Lyb Z_ cäx, c ôv 106 wekvkgvb ^v mev c wz I PP v _ K wk v MÖnY 33

cöwzwu c _K ` ki Ges KwgDwbwUi h Pvwn`v I m ú` i q Q Zvi wfwë ZB cöv_wgk ^v mevi aiy Aek B ˆZwi niqv DwPZ evsjv ` k GKRb ^v Kg x Mf ezx gwnjvi i³pvc cixÿv Ki Qb GKxfebK Z e e vcbv (wm- AvBGgwmAvB) GwU cöwzwu cwievi I KwgDwbwUi Rb M n-abykxj bi Ici wfwë K i M nxz; Aa vq 3 Gi c ôv 47 Gi c v b j Gi iƒc ilv `Iqv n q Q 16 mgwš^z ivm e e vcbv wkï `i K GKwU ev `ywu bq eis mkj cöavb ivm _ K i v I iv M wpwkrmv cö`vb Kivi K_v e j GB e e vcbv ivm wbivg qi mgvav bi Dcvq MÖnY Kivi Rb vbxq ^v e e vi ` Zv I Kg Kv Ði Ici Rvi `q, cvkvcvwk ivm cöwz iv a AZ vek Kxq mevcö`v bi iæz m ú K ^v Kg x I ^v mev cö`vbkvix `i wkw Z niqvi Ici iæz `q iv Mi j Y wby q, wkï `i ^v mev K `ª biqv Ges h _vchy³ LvIqv bv I cwi QbœZvi PP vi g Zv cöwz ivag~jk Kvh μ g evev-gv Ges Ab vb cöv_wgk mevcö`vbkvix `i iæz c~y f~wgkv i q Q 1990-Gi `k Ki gvsvgvws mg q ïiæ niqv ÔˆkkeKvjxb Amȳ Zvi mgwš^z e e vcbvõ c wzi K Vvi g~j vqb Kiv n q Q 2000 mv j Gi ïiæi w` K wek ^v ms v, BDwb md, BDbvB UW wkswgm wwcvu g U di B Uvib vkbvj W fjc g U (wwgdavbww) Ges BDbvB UW Um G RwÝ di B Uvib vkbvj W fjc g U UNICEF/HQ06-2720/Shehzad Noorani (BDGmGAvBwW) - GKmv _ eû `kxq g~j vqb cwipvjbv K i 2004 I 2005 mv j BDwb md KwgDwbwU I cwievi GB`ywU Dcv`v bii (wm-avbggwmavb) ch v jvpbv K i 17 hw`i cöavbz AvBGgwmAvB Gi wzbwu g~j Dcv`v bi Am ú~y ev Íevq bi Kvi Y g~j vq bi cöv_wgk djvdj AvkvcÖ` wqj bv, Z e ciez xkv j D jøl hvm wkqy mvdj AwR Z n qwqj M elyvq `Lv hvq, AvBGgwmAvB Km ( ivmx) e e vcbvi d j cöv_wgk Í ii ^v mev cö`v b YMZ gvb e w c q Q, ^v Kg x I e e vck `i DØy Kiv n q Q Ges ^v Kg x `i ` Zvq DbœwZ n q Q we` gvb mevi mgvb Li P ev Zvi P q Kg Li P GUv ev Íevqb Kiv M Q 18 AvwdªKvi Dc-mvnviv AÂ ji K qkwu ` k AvBGgwmAvB-Gi D jøl hvm BwZevPK djvdj AwR Z n q Q D`vniY ^iƒc, BDbvB UW wicvewjk Ad ZvbRvwbqvi K qkwu Rjvq cwipvwjz GKwU M elyvq `Lv hvq, Hme Rjvq ^v -e e v-kw³kvjxki Yi D ` vm I AvBGgwmAvB ev Íevq bi Kvi Y wkï g Zz nvi wbqwš Z Rjvi Zzjbvq 13 kzvsk n«vm c q Q 19 gvjvdb, `w Y Avwd«Kv, BDbvB UW wicvewjk Ad ZvbRvwbqv Ges DMvÛvi Rwic djvdj wb ` k K i h, wm- AvBGgwmAvB KŠkj e vckfv e ev Íevq bi d j gšwjk cvwievwik PP vq ev AvPi Y D jøl hvm cwiez b G m Q Gi g a Av Q cywói DbœwZ I wkï i v, ivm cöwz iva, M n mev ev Amȳ wkïi mevi müv b c` c biqv, Ges wkïi e w I Dbœq bi Rb cö qvrbxq mnvqk cwi e ki e e v Kiv 20 GB ai bi mdjzv ^v bxwz we klá `i K ` ki AMÖvwaKvi 34 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

fvi Z bervzk I wkï `i ˆkkeKvjxb Amȳ Zvq mgwš^z e e vcbv 1990 Gi `k K fvi Z cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx wkï I wkï (0-1 eqi) g Zz i nvi D jøl hvm fv e n«vm cvq wkš GB n«v mi nvi bervzk wkï g Zz nvi n«v mi m ½ msmwzc~y wqj bv 2000 mvj bvmv` bervzk g Zz wqj me wkï g Zz i `yb Z Zxqvsk Ges cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx wkï g Zz i 45 kzvs ki mgvb cövq A a K bervz Ki g Zz N U Rxe bi cö_g mßv n hw` wczv-gvzv mzk ms KZ jv eys Z cvi Zb, mwvkfv e L Z w` Z cvi Zb A_ev Zv `i hw` ` ^v mev Kg x A_ev myweavhy³ ^v K `ªi mev cvevi my hvm _vk Zv Zv n j A bk g Zz iva Kiv m e n Zv 2000 mv j fviz mikvi ˆkkeKvjxb Amȳ Zvq mgwš^z e e vcbv (AvBGgwmAvB) bv gi GKwU mev KŠkj MÖnY K i, G Z bervz Ki mevi wel q we kl iæz `Iqv nq AvBGgwmAvB- K cwiez b K i bervzk I ˆkkeKvjxb Amȳ Zvq mgwš^z e e vcbv (AvBGgGbwmAvB) Kiv nq djvdj K `ªxK, G Z bervz Ki ^v I g Zz nvi n«v mi wel q wel q mywbw` ó c` ci K_v ejv nq AvBGgwmAvB Gi g Zv AvBGgGbwmAvB bervzk, cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx Ges Aíeqmx wkï `i AZ vek Kxq mevi Kvh Ki mieiv ni Rb wzbwu Í K mg_ b K i: ^v -c wz AeKvVv gv kw³kvjx Kiv, ^v Kg x `i ` Zv e w Z ivwš^z Kiv Ges KwgDwbwU Askx`vwiZ DrmvwnZ Kiv G jvi cö Z KwU Z bervz Ki ^v I wkï g Zz i nvi n«v mi e vcv i we kl iæz cö`vb Kiv n q Q ev Í e, wkïi R b i cö_g 10 w` bi g a wzbevi evwo cwi`k bi welq AvBGgGbwmAvB- Z AšÍf y³ Av Q Gi D Ïk wkïi Rb me P q fv jv PP v jv DrmvwnZ Kiv GQvov G Z i q Q MÖvgv j Kg IRb wb q Rb v bv wkï `i Kv Q wd i hviqvi (d jv-avc) we kl e e v; gwnjv `j jvi mv _ mfv Av qvr bi gva g Z_ `Iqv Ges evwo I MÖv gi g a hvmm~î ˆZwi; Ges wb ` wkz civgk Abyhvqx vbxq ^v K `ª wkïi Ae vi g~j vqb AvBGgGbwmAvB K mikv ii cörbb I wkï ^v -`yb Kg m~wpi m ½I hy³ Kiv n q Q bvix `i ^v wel q mgwš^z GB Kg m~wpi D Ïk Rb _ K cövßeqm ch ší avivevwnk mev `Iqv Kg m~wpi m ½ wkï `i welqwu hy³ Kiv Z, g~jz evwo cwi`k bi Rb, wkï cöwz LiP e o Q wvk 10 gvwk b m U `Lyb Z_ cäx, c ôv 106 mv c Ab ` ki AwfÁZv, AvBGgwmAvB Gi mywbw` ó f~wgkv Ges Ab vb wkï ^v Kg m~wpi Av jv K RvZxq bxwz MÖn Yi mycvwik K i GKB m ½ c wzi Zx èfv e we køly I mxgve Zv jv wpwnèz KiviI cö qvrb i q Q 21 wpî: 2.2 wbe vwpz cöv_wgk ^v mev Ges 1980 mvj _ K wukv`vb e w i MwZcÖK wz w` j vb mu gv, bervzk Ges wkï `i Aw ÍZ i vi wel q avivevwnk DÏxcbvg~jK M elyv cökvk K i Zv Z gv, bervzk I wkï ^v i avivevwnk mevi cö vc U ^v mevi mgwš^z ` óvšímg~n Dc vcb Kiv nq (avivevwnk mev I Aswk`vixZ wel q we ÍvwiZ Rvbvi Rb `Lyb, Aa vq 1, c ôv 17) Kvh Z, bervz Ki Amȳ Zvi mgwš^z e e vcbv K AšÍf y³ Kivi Rb avivevwnk mev cö`v bi aviyv AvBGgwmAvB- K we Í Z K i 22 cöewz Z bzzb GB cš vi mdj cöv_wgk AwfÁZv K AwfwnZ Kiv nq bervzk m~î: DcvË w` q Q BDwb m di KŠkjMZ Z_ wefvm wekvkgvb ^v mev c wz I PP v _ K wk v MÖnY 35

evgv Kv D ` vm BDwb md I wek ^v ms vi Avw_ K mnvqzvq Ges Avwd«Kv gnv ` ki ^v gš x `i Øviv M nxz evgv Kv D ` vm MÖnY Kiv nq 1987 mv j mgwš^z cöv_wgk ^v mevi g~j `k b K g b biqvi cii 1980Õi `k Ki kl bvmv` eû ` k, we kl K i Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv A j, m ú `i AcÖZzjZv Ges ev Íem Z ev Íevqb KŠk ji Afve wqj GB Dcjw _ K GB D ` vm MÖnY Kiv n qwqj A bk ^v K `ª Kvh Kifv e Pvjy ivlvi Rb cö qvrbxq m ú` I mieiv n mgm v wqj Zvi d j, ^v Kg xiv e w³ gvwjkvbvaxb A_ev jvb mýwenxb I Z`viKwenxb `vkvb _ K Ilya Kbvi e e vcî wj L w` Zb Ab w` K mikvwi ^v K `ªi A` Zv I m ú` ^ízvi Kvi Y mvaviy gvbyl Zv `i Ici _ K Av v nvwi q d j Gme Kvi Y 1980 `k K h mvdj AwR Z n qwqj Zv ûgwki gy L c o g~j P v jä wqj `vzv `i evowz wewb qvm e w Kiv, mgvr mevg~jk LvZ we klz ^v Lv Z mikv ii μgvmz LiP K g Avmv K eü Kiv Ges cybivq GLv b LiP e w Kiv, Ges e w³ ev AmsMwVZ Lv Z h A_ e q nw Qj Zv mikvix Lv Z diz Avbv Kvh KvwiZv, ` Zv, A_ bwzk vqxz Ges ^v mevq mgzv e w i gva g cöv_wgk ^v mevi my hvm evov bvb wqj evgv Kv D ` v Mi D Ïk KwgDwbwUi gšwjk ^v Pvwn`v guvevi Rb evgv Kv ^v K `ª jv mgwš^z b~ bzg ^v mev c v KR ev Íevqb K i c v K R Ilya cövwßi my hvm e w Ges mev cö`vbkvix I KwgDwbwUi g a wbqwgz hvmv hv Mi Ici Rvi `Iqv nq aviyvuv GiKg wqj h, e e vcbv Ges Ily ai A_ vq bi m ½ KwgDwbwU mivmwi hy³ n e ^v K `ª e e vcbvi mvwe K Kvh μ gi mv _ MÖvg KwgwU K m ú ³ Kiv GB D ` vm we kl K i cwðg Avwd«Kvi Rb fv jv dj e q G bwqj KwgDwbwU A_ vq bi GKwU D Ïk wqj cwievi jv h A_ AmsMwVZ I e w³ Lv Z e q Ki Q mb A _ i GKUv Ask mikvi I `vzv `i A _ i m ½ hy³ K i ^v mev Rvi`vi K i Zvjv I mevi gvb DbœZ Kiv G Î GKwU iyz c~y c` c wqj e w³ Lv Zi P q g~j Kg wba viy Kiv Ges bvbv Í i wewfbœ ai bi fizzwki e e v Kiv wukv`vb I gy L LvIqvi m vjvb bi wpwkrmv Kiv nq webvg~ j vbxq `wi`ª `i bvbv ai bi Qvo `evi welq jv wvk K i KwgDwbwU hw`i evgv Kv D ` vm ev Íevq b wewfbœ `k wewfbœ ai bi cš v Aej ^b K i, Z e ev Í e Zv `i mk ji GKwU mvaviy g~j j wqj cybwr wez ^v K `ªi gva g mgwš^z gšwjk ^v mev `Iqvi Rb e envikvixi wbku _ K wd MÖnY Ges KwgDwbwUi Øviv Znwej mn-e e vcvi cöez b GB g~j welq K wn i bvbvb ai bi mvaviy mn hvmx KvVv gv M o Z jv nq; Gi g a wqj AZ vek Kxq Ilya mieivn, cöwk Y I cixwe Y Ges ch e Y e e v ev Íevqb cöwμqvq me P q iæz c~y avc wqj Kvh μ gi cwiwa we Í Z Kiv hv wbf i K i bvbv wel qi Ici Gi g a wqj Af šíixy I evb ii m ú `i cövc Zv, vbxq m gzv, KwgDwbwUi Pvwn`vi m ½ Kv Ri MwZ wgjv bv, Ges mikvi I `vzv Mvôxi Pvc Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv A ji AwaKvsk `k evgv Kv D ` vm MÖnY K i, K qk ch v q Kvh μ gi cwiwa we Í Z nq, Ges wkqy `k - we kl K i ewbb, gvwj Ges ivqvûv - iæz c~y mvdj AR b K i cwi k l ejv hvq evgv Kv D ` vm ev Íevqb wqj GKwU ivr wbzk cöwμqv hvi m ½ we` gvb cöwzôvb I gzv KvV gvi cwiez bi GKwU m úk i q Q ^v K `ª ch v q e e vcbv I m ú` wbqš Y KwgDwbwUi Askx`vwiZ _vkvq e envivix `i Kv Q mikvwi ^v mevi Revew`wnZv wbwðz nq KwgDwbwU cöwzwbwa `i wb q MwVZ ^v KwgwU mevi AvIZv, DcKiY, LiP wkfv e wba vwzi n Q Zv mfvq e m ch v jvpbv, we køly, Zzjbv Ki Z cv i AvbygvwbK wnmv e ejv n q Q h GB D ` v Mi Kvi Y Avwd«Kvi weivu GKwU As k ^v mevi my hvm, cövcö Zv, mvg_ Ges e env ii DbœwZ n q Q Gi d j wukv`v bi AvIZv e o Q I UKmB n q Q, me P q `wi`ª kªyxi wkï I bvix `i g a mevi cövc Zv e o Q evgv Kv D ` v Mi mxgve ZvI wqj `wi`ª cwiev ii KvQ _ K wd Av`vq Ges Gi e q Zz j biqvi h bxwz Zv cöpû mgv jvpbvi gy L c o hw`i Avwd«Kvi A bk `k GB D ` vm MÖnY K iwqj wkš gvî wu K qk ` k Zv MwZ cvq GgbwK hme ` k evgv Kv D ` vm mdj n qwqj mme ` ki `wi`ª Rb MvôxI 2000 mv ji cö_g w`k ch ší g~j K GKwU evav wnmv e `L Zv Ges bvbv ai bi Qvo I fizzwk _vkvi cii G `i GKwU weivu Ask AZ vek K ^v mev MÖnY Ki Zv bv ewbb, wmwb Ges gvwji m ½ GB D ` vm MÖnY Kiv Avwd«Kvi Ab vb `k GLbI h P v jä gvkv ejv Ki Q Zv n jv, `wi`ª `i i v Kiv Ges `wi`ª I cövwšík KwgDwbwU K Li Pi Kvi Y AZ vek Kxq ^v mev _ K ewâz bv Kiv `Lyb Z_ cäx, c ôv 106 36 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

I ˆkkeKvjxb Amȳ Zvi mgwš^z e e vcbv (AvBGgGbwmAvB) bv g Ges fvi Z cy ivcywifv e Zv ev ÍevwqZ n q Q (Dc ii c v bj `Lyb) wpî: 2.3 nvmcvzv ji evb i, cö_g Í ii idv ij ^v K `ª Ges evwo Z `yõgvm _ K cuvp eqi eqmx Amȳ wkïi Rb AvBGgwmAvB ivmx e e vcbv mnkªvã Dbœqb j mg~n Ges djvdj-wfwëk AwfMgb: 2000 Ges ZviI c i 1950 `k Ki ïiæ _ K 2000 mvj bvmv` we k i Mo Avqy 47 eqi _ K e o `uvovq 65 eq i hv nvk, A bk `k ^v MZ Dbœqb NUv Z e _ niqvq GB Avqy e w Z Ask wb Z cv iwb, Ges GBW mi e vßx e vck cö Kv ci GjvKv jvi Rb D ëv ûgwk n q `uvwo q Q GUv ^v m úwk Z wzbwu j K mnkªvã Dbœq bi AvUwU j i g a AšÍf y³ Ki Z mnvqzv K iwqj we k i 189wU `k 2000 mv j GB j AR bi A½xKvi K i Q Ges Gi Rb wba vwiz mgqmxgv n Q 2015 mvj ( ^v msμvší GgwWwRi cy iv ZvwjKv Ges Gi mn hvmx m~p Ki Rb `Lyb wpî 1.9, c ôv 9) cö_g Aa v q e vl v Kiv n q Q h, GgwWwRi cwziv hgbuv Avkv K iwq jb ^v m úwk Z GgwWwR jvi AMÖMwZ mb Zzjbvq Kg `ªæZZi n q Q wkqy iæzi D Ø Mi welq n Q, AZ vek Kxq Kg Kv Ði m cömvwiz my hv Mi Rb HK e I UKmB Awfhv bi evb i _vkv jvl jvl gv I wkï K hw` Gi m ½ hy³ Kiv bv hvq Zvn j e vck cv_ K i ga w` q GB j jv nvwi q hv e ev wbiæwïó n e, we klz Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv A j mv cöwzk eq i jv Z GgwWwR AR bi my hvm wpwnèz Kivi Rb D P ch v q ek wkqy Av jvpbv mfv n q Q Zv Z me P q fv jv PP v jv Lu y R `Lv, ivóªxq m~î: wek ^v ms v I BDwb md, cvv eb qi Rb Av`k Aa vq, Bw U MÖ UW g v br g U Ae PvBjûW Bj bm û I BDwb md, R bfv GÛ wbd BqK, 2001, c ôv 6 wekvkgvb ^v mev c wz I PP v _ K wk v MÖnY 37

ch v q cwigvc hvm djvdj AR b cöwzköæwz cö`vb Ges ivóªxq, AvÂwjK I ˆewk K ch v q cövwzôvwbk mgš^ qi Rb jvmvzvi mnvqzv cö`v bi welq jv iæz cvq Gme mfvi GKwU g~j D Ø Mi welq wqj Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv A ji gš i AMÖMwZ GB A j gv, bervzk I wkï g Zz i nvi me P q ewk Ges GB A jb ^v m úwk Z mnmªvã Dbœqb j AR b b~ bzg AMÖMwZ n q Q ez gvb AMÖMwZi h nvi Zv Z Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv A ji 46wU ` ki AwaKvsk Ges mỳ vb GgwWwR AR b e _ n e ez gvb cöv jb _ K `Lv hvq, ˆ`wbK GK Wjv ii K g eu P _vkv Rb Mvôxi Rxebgv bi h cwigvc c wz Zv Z Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv A j `vwi `ª i gvîv 2015 mv j cövq 40 kzvs k cušqv e 23 wkqy ` k cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx wkï g Zz nvi _g K Av Q ev GgbwK wzh K e e vmg~n (Diagonal approaches): gw Kvi c_ GB `k bi GKRb cöe³v gw Kvi RvZxq ^v Bbw wud Ui Rwg mcyj f`v wzh K e e v m ú K e jb, Òmwμq I mieivn wbf i GKwU Dcvq hlv b e nëi cwim i GK cö Í LyeB e qmvkªqx e e v ^v K `ª I evwoi g a mzz eüb K i Ó Dj ^ Kg KvÛ n Q wzh K e e vi ïiæi c~e ez x Íi Gi AvIZvq M nxz wewfbœ Kg m~wp we` gvb my hvm-myweav I gvvkg x `i mn hvwmzvq mgš^ qi mv _ mv _ we Í Z n Z cv i wzh K e e v Dj ^ Kg KvÛ, KwgDwbwU wfwëk D ` vm Ges ^v myweav ev m cömvwiz mevi GKxfeb I mgš^ qi Ici Rvi `q GB e e vi AvIZvq wkqy iæz c~y wel q AMÖvwaKv ii wfwë Z mywbw` ó D ` vm bqvi my hvm i q Q, hgb Ilya mieivn, my hvmmyweavi cwikíbv, A_ vqb, gvbe m ú` Dbœqb, gvb wbðqzv Ges hšw³k e e vcî cö`vb 1980 _ K 2005 mvj ch ší GB 25 eq i gw Kv mdjfv e ek K qkwu Dj ^ Kg m~wp ev Íevqb K i Q hv ciez xkv j AvbycvwZK nv i evov bv nq Gme Kg m~wpi j WvqwiqvRwbZ ivm (gy L LvIqvi m vjvbb jey weziy I cwi vi cvwb Kg m~wp); wukvq cöwz iva hvm ivm (RvZxq wukv w`em, nvg we ivax cöpviyv, wek wukv Kg m~wp, RvZxq ^v mßvn); wfuvwgb G m ú~ik Ges K wgbvkk wpwkrmv (RvZxq ^v mßvn) Ô cöv MÖmvÕ - kz mv c A_ jb `b Kg m~wp hv ` ki me P q `wi`ª gvbyl K hy³ Kivi Rb ˆZwi GB Kg m~wpi AvIZvq cywó, ^v PP v Ges wkï `i z j cvvv bvi Rb wkqy Avw_ K cö bv`bv `Iqv nq D Ïk n jv Zviv hb wbqwgz ^v K `ª hvq hlvb _ K AZ vek Kxq ^v I cywó mev `Iqv nq 6-23 gvm eqmx me wkï K Ges wbw` ó cwiev ii 2-4 eqi eqmx Kg IR bi wkï `i cwic~ik Lv` `Iqv nq GB Kg m~wp wkï `i cywógvb evov Z ` p BwZevPK cöfve i L Q gvz ^v, bervzk I wkï ^v mevi Rb avivevwnk mgwš^z c v KR Kg m~wpi m~pbv nq 2001 mv j, hlb ^v gš Yvjq Av i¼z cv i Rv Gb jv wf`v ev ÔRxeb ïiæi mgzvõ Kg m~wp D Øvab K ib GB D ` vm mvgvwrk I KwgDwbwUi AskMÖnY DrmvwnZ K i, Mf Kvjxb I bervzk mev kw³kvjx I cömvwiz K i Ges Ab vb wel qi g a bvix `i dwjk GwmW cwic~ik mieivn K i GB Kg m~wpi AvIZv A bk ewk we Í Z wqj gvz I wkï ^v K Ò m iv ccyjvió bv gi GKwU mikvwi ^v exgv D ` v Mi AvIZvq Avbv nq Ges gvz ^v I wkï ^v welqk mev cviqv bvmwi Ki AwaKvi wnmv e M nxz nq AskZ, gw Kvi ^v c wzi Ici M elyv Ges wemz 25 eqi a i Gi Dbœqb _ KB wzh K e e vi DrcwË GwU Ab vb e e v _ K GKUz Avjv`v iv Mi RwUjZvi ev Íe mgvav bi D Ï k B Gi DrcwË me P q `wi`ª I cövwšík Rb Mvôxi Kv Q mvg _ i g a gvbm úbœ mev `Iqvi Rb ^v e e v I c wzi Dbœqb NUv Z `k jv h Pv ci g a _v K mikg GKwU cwiw wz K gvkv ejv Kivi Rb GB e e vi cöez b Kiv nq Ôwkïi Aw ÍZ i vi YMYbv 2015Õ h 60wU `k K 2005 mv j AMÖvwaKv ii ZvwjKvfy³ Kiv nq Zvi g a h gvî mvzwu `k mnmªvã Dbœqb j AR b wvk c _ Av Q gw Kv Zvi GKwU, Avi Zv m e n q Q GB wzh K e e v ev Íevq bi Kvi Y wzh K e e v K AvbyôvwbK iƒc `Iqv n q Q Ges m ` ki mv ek ^v gš x RywjI d«&¼ G K GKwU w`k wb ` kbvkvix c wz wnmv e GB Kg Kv Vv gv e nëi ^v bxwzi g a AšÍf y³ niqv DwPZ e j g b Ki Zb Gi D Ïk n jv, mgvšíivj I Dj ^ e e vi Ges AvšÍtLvZ I LvZwfwËK bxwz Ges `kxq I AvšÍR vwzk cö Póvi g a h Uvbv cv ob Av Q Zvi g a GKwU ÔZ Zxq c_õ cö`k b K i ^v -c wz Dbœq bi Kvh Ki cš v MÖnY Kiv `Lyb Z_ cäx, c ôv 106 38 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

wpî: 2.4 ^v -mswkøó mnmªvã Dbœqb j AR bi Rb aviyvmz KvVv gv D ëv n q Q, Ges GBW mi Kvi Y wkï g Zz i nvi μ gb e o P j Q G ai bi øvb ` k cu QvovI Ab vb ` ki AwfÁZvq Avkv i q Q Gme ` ki j -wbw` ó Kg cš v cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx wkï g Zz nvi D jøl hvm fv e Kwg q G b Q 24 mv cöwzk eqi jv Z, cögvywfwëk wkïi Aw ÍZ welqk Kg Kv Ði mgwš^z ch v jvpbv cybtwbwðz K i h, we` gvb mvkªqx c` c jvi gva gb cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx wkï g Zz i nvi `yb- Z Zxqvsk Ges bervzk g Zz nvi A a K iva Kiv m e 25 GQvov, gvz g Zz nvi 88 _ K 98 kzvsk cöwz iva hvm 26 gvz, bervzk I wkïi ^v wbwðz Ki Z Awfbœ KvVv gvi müv b mv cöwzk eqi jv Z, wewfbœ mikvi Ges Dbœqb Askx`viiv ^v mswkøó GgwWwR AR b Kivi Rb Zv `i cöwzköæwz jv cybe ³ K i Q Ges GB wbðqzv w` q Q h, Zv `i bevqbk Z mgvavb jv hš_ ev AvÂwjK ch v q mgwš^z KŠk ji gva g ev Íeiƒc cv e mbmgq gvz, bervzk I wkï ^v i we kláiv MZkZ Ki AwfÁZvi Ici wfwë K i ˆZwi GK Q KŠkjMZ bxwzgvjv K K `ªK i μgvš^ q GKwÎZ nw Q jb GB bxwzgvjv jv wzb cv Ui, h_v: cöv_wgk ^v mevi bxwzgvjvi bevqbk Z ^xk wz hv wkïi Aw ÍZ, e w Ges DbœwZ wbwðz Ki Z cwievi I KwgDwbwUi Askx`vwi Z i cövavb K iæz `q 27 GUv cöv_wgk ^v mevi Ab bxwzi e vcv i AvMÖn RvMvq Zv n Q, wkï cwiph vi DbœwZ Ki Z I mnrjf gvbm úbœ ^v mev `Iqvi Rb ^v c wz K Revew`wn Ki Z cwievi K mnvqzv Kivi Rb KwgDwbwUi Askx`vwi Z i cö qvrb (Aa vq 3 G gvz, bervzk I wkï ^v Ges cvwievwik mev PP vi mg_ b KwgDwbwU Askx`vwi Z i iæz cix v Kiv n q Q) ^v mev mieiv ni Rb Ôdjvd ji wekvkgvb ^v mev c wz I PP v _ K wk v MÖnY 39

cwðg Avwd«Kvq wkï g Zz nvi n«vm I Dbœqb Z ivwš^zkiy mv cöwzk mg q cöv_wgk ^v mevi mgwš^z Kg cš vi GKwU D`vniY ÔGw jv iuw PvBì mvf vbfvj GÛ W fjc g U (GwmGmwW)Õ D ` vm BDwb m di mn hvwmzvq cwðg I ga Avwd«Kvi ` ki mikvi jv GB D ` vm MÖnY K i Gi D Ïk wqj wkï (0-1 eqi), cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx wkï Ges gvz g Zz nvi Kgv bv KvbvWvi AvšÍR vwzk Dbœqb ms v (wmwv) wkï g Zz nvi Kgv bvi m Rbkxj cökí nv Z wb Z BDwb md K Aby iva K i, mlvb _ K GwmGmwWi DrcwË 2002 mv j PviwU ` ki 16wU Rjvq 3 wgwjqb gvby li g a GUv KvR ïiæ K i ZLb _ KB GwmGmwWi `ªæZ e w NU Q Ges 2004 mv j cwðg I ga Avwd«Kvi cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx wkïi g Zz nvi ewk Ggb 11wU ` ki wbe vwpz Rjvq 16 wgwjqb gvbyl Gi AvIZvq Av m bvix I wkïi mevi AvIZv e w i Rb GwmGmwW wzbwu mev-mieivn KŠk ji Ici ewk Rvi `q: g~jz ^ Qv mek wb qv Mi gva g ^v I cywó Af v mi cwievi K `ªxK c v K Ri Rb KwgDwbwU wfwëk Drmvn cö`vb wukv`vb, wfuvwgb G, K wgbvkk wpwkrmv Ges wbe vwpz Mf Kvjxb mev I cy mieiv ni Rb Kvh μg we Í Z Kiv Ges Rbm PZbZv ˆZwi ^v K `ªwfwËK cöme n j evqvbk Z me AMÖvwaKvi wfwëk Kg m~wp wb q ˆZwi Kiv mgwš^z b~ bzg mev c v K Ri ^v K `ªwfwËK weziy AMÖvwaKvi cviqv KvR jv wzbwu g~j welq K K `ª K i ˆZwi hv we` gvb Kg m~wp I e e v K kw³kvjx K i: * bervzk mev cøvm (GGbwm+), Gi AvIZvq Mf ezx gv K g v jwiqvi Rb cöwz ivak wpwkrmv, AvqiY I dwjk GwmW cwic~ik, abyóskv ii wukv Ges gv- _ K-wkï Z GBPAvBwf msμgy cöwz iv ai Rb wpwkrmv cö`vb Kiv nq * m cömvwiz wukv`vb Kg m~wp cøvm (BwcAvB+) Gi g a wukv`vb, wfuvwgb G m ú~ik Ges K wgbvkk cö`vb Kiv nq * kkekvjxb Amȳ Zvi mgwš^z e e vcbv cøvm (AvBGgwmAvB+) G Z AšÍf y³ n q Q KxUbvk K Rviv bv gkvwii e envi e w, gy L LvIqvi m vjvb bi gva g wpwkrmv, g v jwiqvi Ilya, ïay gvz `y» cvb Ges m ú~ik Lv` hvmv hvm KwgDwbwU ch v q mev mieiv ni Rb djvdjwfwëk e e v Rjv wfwëk ch e Y I z`ª-cwikíbv mgwš^z cöwk Y DbœZ mieivn c wz ÔGw jv iuw PvBì mvf vbfvj GÛ W fjc g UÕ AvšÍR vwzk I vbxq Askx`vi `i mnvqzvq ev ÍevwqZ we` gvb Kvh μ gi Ici wfwë K i GKwU mgwš^z Kg KvVv gv MÖnY K i GB Kg m~wp ^v mevi GB KvVv gv K RvZxq bxwz I Kg m~wpi g~javivq Avbvi Rb we kl Rvi `q hgb ^v LvZwfwËK e e v, `vwi`ª we gvpb KŠkj Ges Gi m ½ ga - gqv`x e q KvVv gv, A_ vqb Ges A_ ms vb mg_ b GwU AvÂwjK, Rjv I KwgDwbwU ch v q ` Zv e w i IciI Rvi `q GwmGmwWÕi KwgDwbwU wfwëk GKwU greyz Ask Av Q, Ges GUv K AvPiY K `ªxK Kg m~wp wnmv e we epbv Kiv nq Kbbv Gi gva g ewkifvm Kg m~wp hgb g v jwiqvi cö Kvc ewk mme GjvKvq KxUbvk K Rviv bv gkvwii e envi, Amȳ wkï I bervz Ki mevi DbœwZ Ges gvz `y» I m ú~ik Lv ` i e vcv i AvPiY cwiez bi Ici iæz `Iqv nq GwmGmwW Lye cövwšík GjvKvq cušqv bvi Rb gvvkg x Ges åvg gvy KŠk ji IciI Rvi `q Nvbvi Rjv ch v qi ^v `j jvi Dc vwcz cöv_wgk Dcv Ëi Ici wfwë K i ejv hvq GB mgwš^z e e vi AvIZvq wukv`vb, wkï (0-1 eqi) I Kg eqmx wkï `i LvIqv bv, ˆkkevjxb Amȳ Zvi mgwš^z e e vcbv I cömekvjxb mevi GKwU BwZevPK cöfve c o Q wbqwgz wukv`vb Kg m~wp Z wukv`vb cøvm Kvh μ gi AvIZvq fizzwk w` q KxUbvk K Rviv bv gkvwi weziy Kiv n Q GB ÔwZb Y wzbõ mieivn I Kg m~wp KvVv gv AvPiYMZ, cöwzôvbmz I cwi ekmz mxgve Zv gvkv ejv Kivi Rb bvbv ch v qi KŠkj mnvqzv w` q Q GB KŠk ji AšÍf y³: AvPiY cwiez bi Rb G vw fv Kwm, mvgvwrk PZbv e w I `Lyb Z_ cäx, c ôv 106 40 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

Rb ^v c wz DbœqbÕ bv gi Kg cš v wbe vwpz/dj ^ Ges mgwš^z/avbyf~wgk cš v jvi kw³ K hy³ K i GB bzzb Kg cš v KvVv gv wnmv e MÖnY Kiv n Q mvkªqx mevi c v KR jv K Z ivwš^z Kivi Rb Ges gvz, bervzk I wkïi avivevwnk mevq AšÍf y³ Kivi Rb GB KvVv gv cögvy wbf i Ges D PcÖfvewe ÍviKvix ^v, cywó, GBPAvBwf/GBWm, cvwb, cqtmyweav I ^v wewai Kg KvÐ I PP vi cömv ii Ici iæz `q GB KvVv gv ^v mevi Dcvq I e env i c wzmz h evav Av Q Zv Acmvi Yi e vcv i iæz `q hw` hš_fv e e w I e vckfv e cö qvm Kiv hvq Zvn j Gme Kv Ri ØZ I mn hvwmzvg~jk cöfve c o wkïi Aw Í Z i, e w i I DbœwZi Ici djvdj AR bi Dj ^ cš v Ges c wz kw³kvjx Kivi mgwš^z cš vi g a `xn vqx h wefvrb Zv K A ^xkvi K i GB cš v hyw³ n Q `ywu cš vi D Ïk B mdj n Z cv i, djvdj AR bi Rb ^v c wzi Awf hvr bi gva g GB cš v GUvI ^xk wz `q h, wkïi Aw ÍZ, e w I DbœwZ m e v P ch v q AR b Ges UKmB Kiv m e hw` fwel Zi gv q `i (A_ vr wk kvix I hyezx bvix) Rb cöwz ivag~jk e e v jv mnrjf Kiv hvq Zv `i wkï Rb MÖnY Kivi c~ e B Ges hw` Zviv avivevwnk mev _ K mydj cvq h mev cörbb, gvz, bervzk Ges wkï ^v i mgwš^z cš vi GKwU wekvkgvb Ask (GBme KŠkj emevb Kivi welq we ÍvwiZ i q Q Aa vq 4-G) RvZxq I AvšÍR vwzk ch v q Kv Ri MwZ Z ivwš^z Kivi Dcvq n Q mgš^q, Lvc- LvIqv bv I djvd ji Ici Rvi `Iqv hmg Í `k wzr K cš vq cöv_wgk ^v mevi MwZ e w Ki Z UNICEF/HQ05-2059/Donna DeCesare cöwzwu wkïi Rxeb mȳ fv e ïiæ Kivi Rb ch vß czwói cö qvrb nûziv mi GK`j wkï GKm ½ Lvevi Lv Q Pv Q mme `k K mg_ b w` Z AvšÍR vwzk m cö`v qi bzzb cš vq KvR Kivi cö qvrb i q Q GKwU Awfbœ ` óv šíi Rb ^v m úwk Z eû ai bi ˆewk K D ` vm I Askx`vwi Z i mgš^q `ikvi; Ges cvkvcvwk ^v m úwk Z GgwWwR AR bi Rb `vzv `i mg_ bi `ikvi Ab kz jvi g a Av Q: ^v m úwk Z GgwWwRi Rb RvZxq cwikív, bxwz cöyqb I ev RU ˆZwi Z Dbœqbkxj `k jvi Rb ` pzi mg_ b `k jvi wbr ^ AMÖvaxKvi I cwikíbvi cöwz mg_ bi Rb `vzv Mvôxi GK KvZv i Avmv Ges ^v m úwk Z GgwWwRi Rb cöz vwkz `xn gqv`x A_ vqb GgwWwRi djvd ji Rb ^v c wz I Ab LvZ kw³kvjxkiy RvwZms Ni mgš^ qi cwi cöw Z eûcvw K mnvqzvi Kvh KvwiZv I ` Zv e w, GUv Kiv m e ^v m úwk Z GgwWwR AR bi Rb we k i hš_ ZvwM` K DÏxwcZ Kivi gva g Kv Ri myweavi Rb GgwWwR AR b Ki Z cövwzôvwbk cš vi cwiez b; Ávb e e vcbvi I wk Yi Rb AviI mym ^ I kw³kvjx cš vi Dbœqb ^v djvd ji Î bevqbk Z AvMÖ ni d j m ó my hv Mi e envi bvmwik mgvr I cövb fu m±i mdjzvi Rb h iæz c~y f~wgkv ivl e Zvi ^xk wz `vb (Kv Ri bzzb cš v wb q Av jvpbv Aa vq 5 G) ^v m úwk Z GgwWwR AR b Ki Z bzzb KŠkjMZ bxwzgvjvi mnvqk f~wgkv wpî 2.4 G ey bv Kiv n q Q GUv úó h hw`i GgwWwR cöv_wgkfv e cwievi I KwgDwbwU ch v q wvk Kiv n e, Z e Zv AR bi Rb cwiev ii I KwgDwbwUi mg_ b `ikvi ^v c wz I Ab vb Lv Zi cwievi I KwgDwbwU K mnvqzvi Rb ^v c wz I Ab vb wekvkgvb ^v mev c wz I PP v _ K wk v MÖnY 41

Avwd«Kvq GBPAvBwf I GBWm Ges bvix I wkï `i Ici Gi cöfve GwjRv e_ Gb. gvzvkv, RvwZmsN gnvmwp ei Avwd«Kvi GBPAvBwf/GBWm welqk we kl cöwzwbwa GUv LyeB nzvkvrbk NUbv h GBPAvBwf wb q emevm Ki Q mviv c w_exi GiKg cövß eq `i cövq A a KB bvix ïaygvî Avwd«Kvi Dcmvnviv GjvKv ZB 23 wgwjqb 15-49 eqi eqmx bvix-cyiæl GBPAvBwf msμwgz, G `i g a 13.1 wgwjqb A_ vr 57 kzvsk n Q bvix Rvw ^qvq `Lv hv Q bvix I evwjkviv GBPAvBwf/GBWm Gi Kv Q we klfv e Amnvq Ges 15-24 eqi eqm mxgvi bvix `i GKB eqm mxgvi cyiæ li Zzjbvq GBPAvBwf msμwgz niqvi m vebv wzb Y ewk GBPAvBwfi Kvi Y bvix `i, we kl K i Avwd«Kvi bvix `i h g~j w` Z n q Q Zv ewkifvm ÎB wnmv ei evb i _ K hvq Gi cöfve _ K wkïivi gy³ bq Ges Gi cwiywz fqven AvbygvwbK wnmv e ejv n Q, 2006 mv ji kl bvmv` GBPAvBwf wb q emevm K i Q 15 eq ii Kg eqmx Ggb wkï `i msl v 2.3 wgwjqb eû wkï GBW mi Kvi Y evev-gv K nviv Q Ges Gi d j GwZg I Amnvq wkï `i msl v gvivz Kfv e evo Q AvbygvwbK wnmv e ejv n Q, 2010 mvj bvmv` Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv GjvKvq GBW mi Kvi Y GwZg niqv wkïi msl v `uvov e 15.7 wgwjq b evev-gv gviv hviqvi Av M _ KB wkï `i fvmvwší ïiæ nq, we kl K i g q wkï `i evev-gv K we kl K i gv K `Lvïbv Kivi Rb g q wkï `i zj Qvov bv nq mn hvwmzvi Afv e wkïiv wk vi Ges Zv `i m vebvi m e v P e env ii my hvm _ K ewâz nq hlb evev-gv gviv hvq, AwaKvsk mgq wkï `i Ab RvqMvq P j h Z nq - Zviv Zv `i eüz, cwiwpz cwirb Ges h cwi e k Zviv mv Q ` eva K i mb cwi ek nvivq GB me wkïi g a AvZ¼ Kx cwigvy Qovq Zv AvRI ARvbv, KviY Avwd«Kv Z wkï `i civgk mev e e v GLbI Pvjy nqwb Avgvi aviyv ` k gvb kvixwik Pvwn`vi Ici ewk iæz `Iqv n q Q wkï `i gb ÍvwZ K Pvwn`vi g Zv RwUj Ges P v jwäs Pvwn`vi Ici Zgb iæz `Iqv nqwb wkïiv mbvzb e nëi cwiev ii mevi Ici Avi Av v ivl Z cv i bv, hlv b eq, GwZg Ges h Kv bv Amnvq I myweav ewâz cwiev ii m`m `i mev I mnvqzv Kiv n Zv e nëi cwiev ii mg_ b wu K _vkvi GB e e v `vwi`ª Ges GBW mi Qve ji Kvi Y wb`viæb Pv ci gy L c o Q Kbbv GBWm cwiev ii me P q Drcv`b g e w³ K Zvi Rxe bi Drcv`b I cörb bi me P q iæz c~y mg q AvμgY K i cwiev i GwZg wkï `i msl v evo Q, Ab w` K `vwi`ª K o wb Q A_ bwzk mvg_ Gi d j wkïiv A bk mgq GwZgLvbvq hvq hv NbemwZc~Y Ges mlv b Zv `i K KD ^vmz Rvbvq bv ev fv jv fv e MÖnY K i bv A b K M nnxy n q c o Ges Avwd«Kvi kn ii iv Ívq iv Ívq Zv `i Rxeb hvcb Ki Z nq mkj wkïi Rb Avevmb, mwvk cywó, evev-gvi Av`i Ges e o IVvi mnvqzv KvVv gv Ges fwel Zi Rb bzzb Avkv m wói cwi ek `ikvi evev-gv Ges AwffveK `i `Iqv wk v bv c j I mvgvwrk ixwzbxwzi PP v bv Ki j wkïiv ` Zv I Ávb AR b Ki Z cv i bv Ges mgv Ri GKRb Drcv` g m`m n q M o DV Z cv i bv GBPAvBwf/GBW mi Kvi Y GwZg niqv wkï `i GKwU eo Ask `v`v- `vw` bvbv-bvwbi Kv Q eo nq, fv M i Ici wbf i K i eu P _vkv Gme eq `i mnvqzv cö qvrb we kl K i Avwd«Kvi `w Yv j wkï Ges bvix `i g a e vck gvîvi msμgy eo ai bi D Ø Mi KviY Gi m ½ GBWm ivmx `i, GBW mi Kvi Y GwZg niqv wkï Ges wb Ri cwiev ii mev Kivi Pvc bvixi Ici c o GB Ae v K wkqy ZB mg_ b Kiv hvq bv bvix I cyiæ li g a weivrgvb Av_ -gvmvwrk ˆelg GBPAvBwf msμgy we kl K i bvix I evwjkv `i g a we Ív i we kl f~wgkv iv L mvgvwrk cö_v Ges evj weevn evwjkv `i gv S msμg Yi Su ywk AviI evwo q `q hšb welq K K `ª K i Ach vß hvmv hvm e e vi Kvi Y wbivc` hšb m ú K i e vcv i bvixiv Zvi gzvgz cökvk Ki Z cv i bv Ges bvixiv Su ywkc~y m úk M o Zzj Z eva nq mvgvwrkmvs wzk Kvi Y Zviv civgk mev I wpwkrmv mevi my hvm _ K ewâz nq GiKg cwiw wz Z bvixiv m úwëi gvwjk n Z cv i bv, ev Zv `i Avw_ K m ú ` my hvm _v K bv Ges Zviv evev, ^vgx, fvb ev mšív bi Ici wbf ikxj n q c o m ú`nxbzvi Kvi Y bvixi Ici hšb wbh vz bi Avk¼v e w cvq Ges GB wbh vzb GBPAvBwf/GBWm _ K wb R K i v Ki Z bvixi mvg_ Kwg q `q mgm vi mgvavb mỳ ~icivnz e w³, we kl K i bvix I wkï hb Zvi e w³mz ` Zv e w Ki Z cv i mrb Avwd«Kvi mikvi jv K Aek B bvbv ai bi kw³kvjx D ` v Mi cöwzköæwz w` Z n e ÔDbœq bi me Î g~javivq bvixõ GB ai bi mvaviy K_v e j bvixi gzvqb NUv bv hv e bv bvixi gzvqb, GKB m ½ GwZg I Amnvq wkï `i mnvqzvi Rb wbw` ó j, wba vwiz mgqmxgvq, ch vß A_ vq b Kg m~wp nv Z wb Z n e hvi djvdj cwigvc Kivi e e v _vk e Ôm PZbZvi D aÿ Õ ` Zv e w, KwgDwbwU wfwëk ^v mev, BwZevPK Rxeb-hvcb, wj½ mgzv Ges cöwz iv ai mve Rwbb my hvm, mev I wpwkrmvi Ici Rvi w` Z n e GBWm iv Mi kvlvcökvlv eûgvwîk Ges Dbœq bi cöwzwu Î K bwzevpkfv e cöfvwez K i GBAvBwf/GBW mi Kvi Y gvbwek I A_ bwzk hme P v jä Zwi n q Q Zvi cöw Z mgcwigvy D ` vm wbwðz Ki Z Avwd«Kv Z A bk wkqy Ki Z n e `xn - gqv`x cöwz iva, mev I mnvqzv Kg m~wpi cö qvrb i q Q Ges Gi Rb m ú `i UKmB mieivn wbwðz Ki Z n e GQvov cö qvrb i q Q bvixi gzvq bi I bvixi cöwz ˆelg g~jk mvs wzk cö_vi cwiez b `xn - gqv`x UKmB D ` vm AZ vek K Ges mswkøó mkj c i wgwjz D ` v Mi gva gb GUv AR b Kiv m e 42 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

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mbme ` k KwgDwbwU ^v Kg xiv cöz ší GjvKvi wkï `i Rb ch vß wpwkrmv myweav mieivn K i Ges Ac~iYxq _ K hviqv ^v mev wbqwgz cuš Q `q KwgDwbwU ^v Kg x `i gva g cwipvwjz Kg m~wp we Ív ii Î hme cöwzeükzv I mgm v j Kiv hvq m jv Aa vq 4 G mwe Ív i Av jvpbv Kiv n q Q cök Zc, ïaygvî ch vß msl K m` m i AskMÖnY I KvVv gv a i ivlvb GKwU eo P v jä ez gvb Kg m~wp jv Z cöwk Y `ye jzv, Ach vß Z`viwK e e v, cö qvrbxq DcKi Yi AcÖZzj mieivn Ges KwgDwbwUi m ½ `ye j m ú K i mgm v wewfbœ gvîvq Dcw Z GQvov KwgDwbwU ^v Kg x `i Kg m~wp Z mvaviyzi ^v nvwbi nvii ewk D`viniY ^iƒc GKwU ch v jvpbvq `Lv hvq, m bmv j gvî 9 gv mb 30 kzvsk ^v Kg xi ^v nvwbi NUbv cögvwyz n q Q Avi bvb Rwiqv Z `yb eq i GB nvi 50 kzvsk Ab vb ` ki GB P v jä i q Q fviz, kªxjskv Ges ZvÄvwbqv cörvz š I ^v Kg x `i ^v nvwbi NUbv `Lv M Q 11 wewfbœ Kvi Y ^v Kg xiv ^v nvwbi gy L c o `vwqz cvjb Ki Z wm q Zv `i mgq I A_ e q Ki Z nq mb m ½ i q Q Ab vb e q ^v Kg x `i g a hviv ^ Qv mex wksev hviv AvswkKfv e ezbfvzv ev Ab myweav cvq Zv `i Ici wbr cwiev ii cöwz `vwqz cvj b Avq- ivrmvi Kivi eva evakzv _vk Z cv i Zv `i mgq I m ú `i Ici ewk Pvc m wó n j KwgDwbwU ^v Kg x `i mwμqfv e KvR bv Kivi Su ywk `Lv ` e A_ev Zviv KwgDwbwUi AskMÖnY cöwμqv _ K S i co e mrb KwgDwbwU ^v Kg x Kg m~wp UKmB n e wkbv Zv wbf i K i ^v Kg x `i Rb AvKl Yxq cö Yv`bv c v KR `Iqvi Ici hv Zv `i jvkmvb ev ^v nvwb cöwz iva K i cwi ek I KwgDwbwU f ` Gme cö Yv`bv c v KR wfbœ n Z cv i, KviY G KK KwgDwbwU Z ^v Kg xiv G KK ai bi KvR K i wkš mkj Kg m~wp ZB AMÖvwaKv ii ZvwjKvq ^v Kg x `i A_ bwzk fviz: KwgDwbwUi Askx`vwi Z i gva g Acywó n«vm P v jä A_ bxwz Z e vck DbœwZ n ji fvi Z GL bv Acywó mgm v wnmv e i q M Q 1999 mv j cwipvwjz RvZxq cvwievwik ^v Rwi c (b vkbvj d vwgwj nj_ mv f ) `Lv hvq, fvi Z wzb eq ii Kg eq mi 47 kzvsk wkïi IRbB Kg hv Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv A ji M oi P q mvgvb ewk me kl 2006 mv ji GK Rwi ci `Lv M Q, fvi Z wzb eq ii Kg eqmx wkï `i Acywói cöeyzv Lye mvgvb n«vm c q Q GB Rwic Abyhvqx wewfbœ iv R wzb eq ii Kg eqmx wkï `i cövq 45 kzvsk Acywói wkkvi Gig a ga cö `k I wenvimn ek K qkwu iv R Aek Av Mi Rwi ci Zzjbvq Av jvp eq mi wkï `i Acywói nvi eis e o Q GgbwU N U Q bervzk I wkï `i mwvkfv e LvIqv bvi e vcv i cwiph vkvix `i g a Áv bi Afve _vkvq Ges ^v wewa bv gvbvi Kvi Y; Anin wkï `i bvbv msμg Y AvμvšÍ niqv, D P Rš nv ii d j RbmsL vi ewa Z Pvc, mgv R bvix I g q `i wbgœ gh v`v Ges mvgvwrk mevi NvUwZi Kvi Y wkï `i IRb Kg niqvi cöeyzv VKv Z fviz mikvi mgwš^z wkï Dbœqb cwikíbv (Bb U MÖ UW PvBì W fjc g U xg-avbwmwwgm) IciB ewk wbf i Ki Q 1975 mv j ïiæ niqv GB cwikíbvi AvIZvq bervzk I wkïi gv q `i Ges Ab vb mev cö`vbkvix `i ^^v I cywó wk v `Iqv n Q Gig a i q Q- m ú~ik cywó ev cywói NvUwZ c~iy, gšwjk ^v I cöm~wz cwiph v, e w Z`viwK I Drmvn `vb, z j hviqvi Av M AbvbyôvwbK wk v cö`vb, Abycywó m ú~ik Ges wukv cö`vb 700,000 KwgDwbwU Kg x `i (A½bIqvw`) GKwU buiqv K i gva g Gme mev `Iqv nq Z e AvBwmwWGm-Gi Kvh KvwiZv mxwgz ^v Kg x `i ` Zv I Áv bi mxgve Zv hgb i q Q Zgwb Kvh μg ZË veav bi NvUwZ Av Q, i q Q ïy c` Ges Kg m~wp bxwz ZI ÎæwU `Lv hvq, hgb Lye Kgeqmx wkï `i Ici ch vß ` wó `Iqv nqwb KŠkj I Kvh μg AvBwmwWGm-Gi Kvh KvwiZv evov Z BDwb md fviz mikv ii m ½ mn hvwmzvi wfwë Z KvR Ki Q BDwb md wbw` ófv e hme mnvqzvg~jk KvR Ki Q Zvi g a i q Q: A½bIqvwi Kg x `i Ávb I ` Zv e w ; wkï `i cöwz g bv hvm I mgq evov bv, hš_fv e MÖv gi cwiw wz we køl Yi gva g KwgDwbwUi m ú ³Zv evov bv; MÖv gi ^ Qv mek `i wpwýz K i Zv `i wkï cwiph vi gšwjk cöwk Y cö`vb; wkï `i gvevev `i AvPi Y cwiez b NUv bvi j A½bIqvwi Kg x I ^ Qv mex `i evwo evwo cwi`k bi nvi e w ; Ges gvv ch v q ^v mev cwiw wzi Dbœqb BZ vw` djvdj Dch y³ KŠkj fvi Zi 6wU iv R ev Íevqb Kiv nq GB KŠk ji AvIZvq cöwzwu iv R i AšÍZ 1,000 MÖvg AšÍf y³ Kiv nq hv cö Z K iv R GK wgwjq bii ewkmsl K gvby li Ici cöfve d j Q wewfbœ iv R GB Kvh μg ïiæi wzb eqi ci Gi cöfve g~j vqb Kiv nq mvgvwrk, A_ bwzk I fšv MvwjKfv e GKB Pwi Îi wbqwš Z MÖvg jvi m ½ GB Kvh μ gi AvIZvfz³ MÖvg jvi Zzjbv Ki Z cöwzwbwaz g~jk cwievi wfwëk Rwi ci gva g GB g~j vqb Kiv nq D`vniY ^iƒc ivr v bi K_v ejv hvq GB iv R `Lv hvq, wbqwš Z MÖvg jvi Zzjbvq Kvh μ gi AvIZvfy³ MÖvg jv Z cöv_wgk ch v q wkï `i ey Ki `ya LvIqv bvi nvi ewk wqj Ges wkï `i Le vkvq nevi cöeyzv Kg wqj ( `Lyb wpî 3.1) cwðge ½ Kvh μ gi AvIZvfy³ MÖvg jv Z cöv_wgk ch v q wkï `i ey Ki `ya LvIqv bv (76 kzvsk hv wbqwš Z MÖvg jv Z wqj 45 kzvsk), wfuvwgb G m ú~ik (50 kzvsk, Gi wecix Z wbqwš Z MÖvg jv Z GB nvi wqj 33 kzvsk) Ges wewfbœ msμvgk iv Mi wukv 50 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

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myweav evwo q Ges ^v Kg x `i cö qvrbxq DcKiY mieivn K i ^v mev Kg m~wpi Kvh KvwiZv A bklvwb evov bv m e mwvk `vwqz cvjb Ges mgqgz KwgDwbwUi cv k wm q `uvov bvi Rb ^v Kg x `i wkqz nvwzqvi, DcKiY Ges cöwkÿ Yi cö qvrb c o - h jv Zv `i w` Z n e Av MB ejv n q Q, 1980 mv ji w` K wewfbœ ` k KwgDwbwU ^v Kg x `i gva g cwipvwjz eo Avw½ Ki mev Kg m~wp g~j vqb Ki Z wm q `Lv M Q, cö qvrbxq hš cvwz I miäv gi Ach vß mieivn ev wbqwgz mieivn wbwðz bv Kivi Kvi Y - we kl K i Ilya- ^v Kg x `i Kvh KvwiZv ÿwzm Í n q Q Z_ cögv Y `Lv hvq, KwgDwbwUi Ae vb ^v K `ª _ K `~ i n ji mlv b hw` mycvifvbrvi I ^v Kg x `i wbqwgz m irwgb hvzvqv Zi e e v _v K Zvn j Kg m~wp A bk ewk mdj nq cwi`k b ev ZË veavb Kvh μg K mxwgz ivlv DwPZ bq ^v Kg x `i KvR ch e Y ivlv Ges Kg m~wpi AMÖMwZ ev djvdj g~j vq Y mikvwi ^v KZ c i g a KwgDwbwU Kg m~wpii GKUv f~wgkv _vkv DwPZ Gwel q ev Í e hviv KvR Ki Qb Zviv e vckfv e bxwzmz GB welqwu MªnY K i Qb h, ^v Kg x `i cöv_wgk wbe vp b KwgDwbwUi m ú ³Zvi ga w` qb g~jz GKwU Kg m~wpi m ½ KwgDwbwUi m c ³Zv M o I V Gici ^v Kg xiv AMÖvwaKv ii welq jv wpwýz Kivi ÿ Î I cökí cwikíbvq KwgDwbwUi m`m `i AskMÖnY g b bq 14 Kvh Ki idv ij wm g RbM Yi Rb avivevwnk ^v cwiph v wbwðz Ki Z Kvh Ki idv ij wm g n Q GKwU mdj KwgDwbwUwfwËK Kg m~wpi Acwinvh Dcv`vb (Aa vq 4 `Lyb) nvmcvzv j h mev `Iqv nq, hgb- wmrvwiqvb ( cu I Rivq~ K U mšívb cöme) Ges Ab vb Riæwi cöm~wz mev cwiph v D jøl hvm me Î wbivc ` mb mev `Iqv hvq bv hvb nvk, gvz h nzz D P gvîvq GBPAvBwf msμg Yi cwiw wz Z wpwkrmvi cö qvrbxqzv ZxeªZi n Q Ges GRb m ú `ii KgwZ i q Q mkvi Y Gg-Uz-G gi g Zv Kg m~wp jvi iz K AwZiwÄZ K i `Lv bvi Avi cö qvrb bb wek ^v ms v (û) bzzb wcggwuwmwu Z gv _ K wkïi ` n GBPAvBwfi msμgy AviI n«v mi Rb RwUj Gw U i UªvfvBivj ^v weavb Abymi Yi AvnŸvb Rvwb q Q GBPAvBwf msμwgz Mf ezx bvix `i wb R `i wpwkrmv my hvm e w i Ici Rvi `Iqv n q Q Ges wcggwuwmwu Kg m~wp Z Avmv wkïiv AMÖvwaKv ii wfwë Z hb ivm cix vi my hvm cvq Zvi Ici Rvi `Iqv n q Q Gme Kg m~wp GBWm cöwz iva I wpwkrmvq cwiph vkvix `i mnvqzvi Rb μgvš^ q iæz c~y n q DV Q GB Kg m~wpi mdj ev Íevq bi Rb cö qvrb wcgmwuwm Kvh μg m ú K aviyv Av Q I GB Kvh μg GwM q wb q h Z cöwzköæwze KwgDwbwU m`m `i mztùzz AskMÖnY Gg-Uz-Gg Kg m~wp Z wek vm Kiv nq h, KwgDwbwU Z civgk K gv q `i Ae`v bi b vh ^xk wz _vk Z n e W. emvi-gi g Z, Ò hme gv qiv wcggwuwmwu Kg m~wp Z wb RivB Ask wb q Q Zviv vbxqfv e wb qvm c q Kv Ri wewbg q fvzvi cv Q Gfv e Zviv wb R `i ^v -cwiph v ` ji ckvrxex m` m cwiyz n q Q Ó m úöwz Ôccy jkb KvDwÝjÕm nivbrbm cövmövgõ ^Zš fv e Gg-Uz-Gg Kg m~wpi g~j vqb K i Q G Z GB Kg m~wp Z Ask biqvi mv _ m úwk Z ek K qkwu Drmvne ÄK mdj w`k I V G m Q: cöm evëi gwnjv `i g a hv `i `yb ev Z ZvwaK Gg-Uz-Gg m úk i q Q Zviv KvD K bv KvD K wb Ri GBPAvBwf msμg Yi Ae v m ú K K_v e j Q (GB Kg m~wp Z hviv Ask wb q Qb Zv `i 97 kzvskb mgm vi K_v e j Qb hviv Ask bbwb Zv `i g a GB nvi 85 kzvsk wc-f vjy <.01) hme gwnjv cöm evëi Kg m~wp Z Ask bbwb Zv `i Zzjbvq AskMÖnYKvix gwnjv `i g a gv _ K wkïi GBPAvBwf Z msμgy iv a bwfivwcb MÖn Yi nvi ewk (AskMÖnYKvix bvix `i 95 kzvskb bwfivwcb wb q Qb hviv Ask bbwb Zv `i g a GB nvi 86 kzvsk wc-f vjy <.05) Gg-Uz-Gg Kg m~wp Z hviv Ask bbwb Zv `i P q Ask biqv gwnjvivb ïay ey Ki `ya LvIqv bv ev wkï Lv` (wkš ey Ki `ya m ú K bv) wel q ewk wi cvu K i Qb Gg-Uz-Gg Kg m~wp Z hme gwnjv Ask wb q Qb Zviv Ask bbwb Ggb gwnjv `i Zzjbvq Zv `i Mf ezx _vkvi mg q wmww4 cix v Kiv bvi nvi ewk (AskMÖnYKvix `i g a GB nvi 79 kzvsk Avi hviv Ask bbwb Zv `i nvi 57 kzvsk; wc-f vjy <.01) (wmww4 mj n Q i ³i mv`v mj hv gvby li kix ii ivm cöwz iva c wzi GKwU iæz c~y Ask ˆZwi K i GB mj Avevi GBPAvBwf msμg Yi D P Su ywk Z _v K wmww4 mj hz Kg nq ivm cöwz iva c wz ZZ `ye j nq Ges my hvmvkªqx msμg Yi Su ywk ZZ e w cvq) `Lyb Z_ cäx, c ôv 107 gv, bervzk I wkïi cöv_wgk ^v mevq KwgDwbwUi Askx`vwiZ 53

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GiKg mv wfwëk, D Pgv bi djvdj Avb Z m g, mymse Kg m~wp MÖnY Ki Z n e Kg KvÐ `yb Ñ mev we Í ZKiY I ^v e e v K kw³kvjx Kivi j DbœZ I mymsnz RvZxq KŠkjMZ cwikíbv cöwμqvq gvz I wkï ^v K Ab Zg K `ªxq welq wnmv e MÖnY Ki Z n e Kg KvÐ wzb Ñ ^v e e v K kw³kvjx Ki Z A_ vq bi YMZ gvb evov Z n e Ges avivevwnkzv ervq ivl Z n e Kg KvÐ Pvi Ñ cwiph vi avivevwnkzvi mydj MÖnY K wbwðz Ki Z ivr bwzk `vqe Zv, RvZxq I AvšÍR vwzk bz Z I w wzkxj A_ vqb DrmvwnZ Ki Z n e I wuwk q ivl Z n e 2 Kg KvÐ cuvp Ñ ˆewk K ^v Kg m~wp I mn hvmx ev Askx`vig~jK D ` v Mi g a Av iv wbweo mgš^q I m½wz Avb Z cö qvrbxq kz m wó Ki Z n e 1. Kg m~wp cybwe b vm Kg m~wp _ K cwiph vi avivevwnkzvi w` K GLb ch ší gvz, bervzk I wkï ^v wel q AvšÍR vwzk ^v m úª`v qi eû KvR I mg_ b wqj g~jz wbw` ó ivmwfwëk Kg m~wp Kw `ªK G ai bi Kg m~wpi i q Q kw³kvjx mv wfwë Ges we Í ZKi Yi BwZnvm h _ó m ú` wb qvwrz n j, j w i _vk j, fv jv e e vcbv I A_ vqb NUv j Ges h _ó MwZi m ½ ev ÍevwqZ n j G ai bi wbw` ó j I mgqwfwëk Kg m~wp iv Mi cöv`yf ve I wkï g Zz n«v m h _ó f~wgkv ivl Z cv i Z e G ai bi Kg m~wpi mxgve ZvI Av Q hvi Ab Zg KviY Ic ii w` Ki mgm v jv K wpwýz Ki Z bv cviv Gme mgm vi g a i q Q mykvmb, e e vcbv I gvbem ú `i mxgve Zv AwaKš wbw` ó ivmwfwëk j i q Q Ggb Kg m~wp mgš^ qi KvR K mxwgz K i dj Z cv i hv Avevi mvgwmök ^v e e v K kw³kvjx Ki Z f~wgkv ivl Z cv i mgq I vb Ry o cwiph vi avivevwnkzvi we Ívi NUv bv K ^v m úwk Z mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j AR bi c _ GwM q hviqvi Ab Zg cöavb m vebvgq cš v wnmv e `Lv n Q Z e cwiph vi avivevwnkzvi Kvh KvwiZv I mvdj wel q mv wfwë GLbI wbw` ó ivmwfwëk c` ci g Zv M o I Vwb ZvQvov cwiph vi avivevwnkzv mvd j i m ½ Kxfv e PP vq iƒcvšíwiz Kiv h Z cv i m wel q mv wfwëi Pvwn`v μgkt evo Q Gi Rb we kl K i Kg m~wp msmv bi w`k _ K bzzb bzzb KvVv gv I cöwμqvi `ikvi n e GRb K qk ai bi cwiez b Avbvi cö qvrb co e: wpî: 4.1 Dbœqbkxj ` k cöv_wgk ^v mev we Ív i aviyvmz KvVv gv Drm: BDwb md _ K biqv, Ô hš_ ^v I cywó KŠkj: 2006-2007Õ, BDwb md, wbdbqk, b f ^i, 2005, c.10 64 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

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we Í ZKiY: gv, bervzk I wkï `i Rb ch vß cywó cuvp eqi eq mi wb P 50 kzvsk ch ší wkï g~jz Ach vß cywórwbz Kvi Y gviv hvq gv I wkïi g Zz i Su ywki m ½ gv qi Acywói h m úk i q Q m wel qi Z_ -cögvy cviqv M Q Dbœqbkxj `k I AÂj jv Z GK-PZz_ vs kii ewk Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï 2005-2006 mv j gvsvwi ev Zxeª ai bi Kg IRb ev Le Kvq mgm vq fymwqj 2005 mv j 6-59 gvm eqmx 28 kzvsk wkï K wfuvwgb-g m ú~ik `Iqv nqwb Lv` wbivcëv Riæwi Z e Ach vß cywó Gov Z Zv h _ó bq Lv` wbivcëv Av Q Ges `vwi`ª bb Ggb cwi e k eû wkï cviqv M Q hviv Kg IRb ev Le vkvq niqvi mgm vq fym Q ci úi AvšÍtm úk i q Q Ggb A bk jv Kvi Y Acywói NUbv N U _v K Gme Kvi Yi g a i q Q LvIqv bv I cwiph vi Î mwvk wbqg AbymiY bv Kiv, h _ó cqtmyweavi Afve, ivm, ch vß ^v mev bv cviqv Ges ïaygvî ey Ki `ya LvIqv bvi DcKvi Ges m ú~ik Lv` LvIqv bvi mwvk wbqg-kvbyb I Abycywó-Dcv`vb m ú K h _ó Áv bi Afve Acywói cq b Wvqwiqvi GKUv eo f~wgkv i q Q hv A bk mgq ch vß cqtmyweav bv _vkvi Kvi Y I cwi vi-cwi QbœZvi Afv e N U _v K bervzk I wkï `i g a Acywói Av ik KviY gvz -mnvqk cwi e ki Afve M n vwji bvbvb Kv Ri `vwe guv Z wm q Avi ^v mevi ch vß my hvm bv _vkvi d j A bk mgq Mf ezx gv qiv wb R `i A_ev bervz Ki Dchy³ hzœ wb Z cv ib bv gv, bervzk I wkï h Zœi avivevwnk ch v q cö qvrbxq cywó wbwðz Ki Z n j `ikvi Kvh Ki KŠk ji mgwš^z cö qvm Avi mrb cö qvrb G wel q mymsnz c` c Gi Rb `ikvi AwffveK I mgv Ri avivevwnk m ú w³ hv K Avevi Dchy³ mnvqzv ` e vbxq I RvZxq ch v q cöv_wgk ^v mev Ges cwi ekmz ^v mev we kl K i weï cvwb I cqtmyweav Lv Z Dbœqb Kg KvÐ Gme kz hlb c~iy n e ZLb Zzjbvg~jK Kg mg q Afvebxq dj cviqv m e n e D`vniY wnmv e _vbj v Ûi K_v ejv hvq, Gme c` ci gva g mlv b GK `k Ki g a B gvsvwi I Zxeª ai bi Acywó 75 kzvsk ev ZviI ewk n«vm Kiv m e n qwqj GQvov bvbvwea A_ bwzk mgm v _vkv m Ë I eû Dbœqbkxj `k RbmvaviY K wfuvwgb I LwbR Dcv`vb mieiv ni Î D jøl hvm mvdj AR b K i Q Dbœqbkxj ` ki cövq 70 kzvsk M n vwj AvR Av qvwwbhy³ jey L Z cvq; cövq 45 KvwU wkï AvR K wfuvwgb-g K vcmyj cv Q; Ges ey Ki `ya LvIqv bv K DrmvwnZ I mnvqzv Kivi Rb wewfbœ ^v c` c biqv n Q GRb we kl K i vbxq Rb Mvôxi m ½ Askx`vwi Z i wfwë Z D veb Kiv n Q bzzb bzzb KŠkj Dbœqbkxj A ji g a cywói Afve me P q ewk `w Y Gwkqvq Kg IRb wb q Rb v bv wkïi nvi Ges gvsvwi ev Zxeª ai bi Kg- IRb, xykvq ev Le Kvq Ggb mgm vq fym Z _vkv cuvp eq ii wb P wkïi nvi G A jb me vwak; m ú~ik wfuvwgb-g LvIqv bvi nvii G A jb me P q Kg Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv A j GB m~pk jv hw`i wkqyuv fvj Ae vq i q Q Zey ïaygvî ey Ki `ya Lv Q Ggb Qq gv mi Kg eqmx wkïi nvi GLv bb me P q Kg Zxeª gvîvq Acywó GB A j Av ik weivu mgm v wb P wewfbœ AÂj I ` ki D`vni Y Gme mgm vi mdj gvkv ejvi wpî Zz j aiv n jv ewbb: gv q `i K ey Ki `y ai iæz m ú K wk v `vb ewb b 1996 mv j Kiv RbmsL v I ^v Rwic (Demographic and Health Survey - DHS) Abyhvqx `kwui evi& GjvKvq gvî 16 kzvsk wkï R b i GK NÈvi g a gv qi `ya L Z cz Ges 1998 mv j Pvi gv mi Kg eqmx gvî 14 kzvsk wkï ïaygvî ey Ki `ya LvIqvi DcKvi cz G mgm v gvkv ejvq Ges Acywó I wkïg Zz i D Pnv ii Rb `vqx Av iv wkqy we Í Z KviY `~i Kivi j 1997 mv j AZ vek Kxq cywó Kg m~wp (the Essential Nutrition Actions programmes) MÖnY Kiv nq GB Kg m~wpi AvIZvq AZ vek Kxq cywó m úwk Z PP v ev AvPiY K Rvi`vi Ki Z ^v K `ª I KwgDwbwU Df qi g a B Qq-`dv c` c MÖnY Kiv nq: R b i ci cö_g Qq gvm ch ší wkï K ïaygvî ey Ki `ya LvIqv bv 6-24 gvm eqmx wkï K ey Ki `y ai m ½ m ½ Dchy³ m ú~ik Lv` LvIqv bv wkï `i K m ú~ik wfuvwgb-g cö`vb Mf ezx bvix K m ú~ik Avqib I dwjk GwmW cö`vb m ú~ik Av qvwwbhy³ jey LvIqv bv Acywó Z fvmv I Amȳ wkï `i Rb mnvqzv I civgk cö`vb AZ vek Kxq cywó Kg m~wp Z ^v mev K kw³kvjx Kivi j wewfbœ c` ci g a Kvh Ki mgš^q NUv bv n q Q hvi g a i q Q ^v Kgx `i cöwk Y, RbMY K msmwvz Kiv Ges wbw` ó Rb Mvôxi wbr ^ cwiw wzi Dc hvmx K i M nxz e vck gvîvi hvmv hvmwfwëk cöpviyv 66 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

KwgDwbwU ch v qi bz e ` vbxq ^ Qv mek `i wbe vpb Kivi Kv R mwμq AskMÖnY K i Qb Gme ^ Qv mek hv `i K wijvbm Kgÿ b Zqvim& (relais communautaires) ejv n Q Zviv ^v K `ª I vbxq gvby li g a hvmm~î wnmv e KvR K ib GQvov Zuv `i K cywó wel qi cöwk Y `Iqv n q Q ^v msμvší evz v I DcKiY ˆZwii Rb hyemgvr, jvkm½xz MvqK, vbxq bvu `j, bvix I mgv Ri Ab vb Mvôx Kg kvjvq Ask wb q Q vbxq bvu `j MÖv g MÖv g I cvovq cvovq bvuk cwi ekb K i Q Avi Kg kvjvq wbwg Z RxewšÍKv, Ljv I bvuk cöpvi K i Q KwgDwbwU iwwi kb jv vbxq Rb Mvôx K e vckfv e msmwvz Kivi d j ey Ki `ya LvIqv bvi Î gv q `i g a cök Z cwiez b Avbv m e n q Q 2001 mv j Gme GjvKvq Pvi gv mi Kg eqmx mšívb Av Q Ggb gv q `i g a 50 kzvsk wkï K ïaygvî ey Ki `ya LvB q Qb 2002 mv j ei& GjvKvq wbe vwpz Rb Mvôxi g a cwipvwjz Rwi c Rvbv hvq Pvi gv mi Kg eqmx mšívb Av Q Ggb gv q `i 61 kzvsk wkï K ïaygvî ey Ki `ya LvB q Qb, 1999 mv j hv wqj gvî 40 kzvsk Zxeª gvîvq cöpû Acywó gvkv ejvq Bw_Iwcqv, gvjvdwq I mỳ v b KwgDwbwU-wfwËK e e vcbv Zxeª gvîvq cöpû Acywó Ab~aŸ cuvp eqi eqmx wkï `i cöavbzg NvZ Ki GKwU wkqy w`b Av M ch šíi Gi wpwkrmv ^v K `ª wfwëk c` ci g a mxgve wqj wkš A bk `wi`ª ` k Zxeª Acywói wkkvi wkï `i K KL bvb Kv bv ^v K `ª biqv nq bv AvμvšÍ wkï `i K e vck AvKv i wpwkrmv mev w` Z bv cvivq Gi BwZevPK djvdji wqj mxwgz wkš bzzb mv `Lv hv Q, G ai bi eû wkï K Kv bv ^v K `ª ev wpwkrmvg~jk Lv` cö`vb K `ª fwz bv K i Zv `i KwgDwbwU ch v qb wpwkrmv `Iqv m e mgvrwfwëk GB wpwkrmvi Rb mgqg Zv Zxeª gvîvq cöpû Acywó Z fvmv wkï `i wpwýz Ki Z n e Ges hv `i Ab Kv bv ivm ev kvixwik RwUjZv bb Zv `i K evmv ZB Zvr wykfv ee envi hvm Lvevi ev Ab vb cywó Dcv`vb mg Lv` w` Z n e Acywói wkkvi Avevi Ab vb kvixwik RwUjZvI Av Q Ggb wkï `i Rb ^v K `ªwfwËK mevi m ½ hw` Zxeª gvîvq cöpû Acywói wkkvi wkï `i Rb KwgDwbwU mev K mgwš^z K i e vckfv e ev ÍevwqZ Kiv hvq Z e kz kz nvrvi wkïi cövy euvpv bv m e n e Bw_Iwcqv, gvjvdwq I mỳ v bi mv cöwzk wpî _ K Zxeª gvîvq cöpû Acywó wbqš Y KwgDwbwU-wfwËK e e vcbvi AZ ší BwZevPK cöfve I e qmvkªq m ú K Rvbv M Q MZ cuvp `k K AwaKvsk Dbœqbkxj ` k g Zz nvi cövq GKB i q M Q GiB cwi cöw Z Gme ` k ^v K `ª `Iqv wpwkrmvi wecix Z KwgDwbwUwfwËK wpwkrmvg~jk cwiph v ivm m ú K Ávb I Zvi wpwkrmv c wz m ú K GK gšwjk cwiez b G b w` q Q Bw_Iwcqv, gvjvdwq Ges DËi I `w Y mỳ v b 2000-2005 mgqkv j ev ÍevwqZ 20wUiI ewk Kg m~wp _ K GLb ch ší h DcvË cviqv M Q Zv _ K Bw½Z cviqv hvq h Gme Kg m~wp 80 kzvsk Î ivm wbivg q mdj n q Q Ges g Zz nvi bvwg q G b Q gvî 4 (Pvi) kzvs k Kg m~wpi AvIZvq G m Q 73 kzvsk Ges Dcw Z Acywói wkkvi wkï `i wzb-pzz_ vsk K ewnwe fvmxq ivmx wnmv e wpwkrmv `Iqv n q Q Gme DcvË _ K Kg m~wp jvi e q-m gzvi w`kwui úó Ñ Rxe b hvm niqv cö Z K eqi wcqy 12 _ K 132 gvwk b Wjvi LiP nq Î f ` KwgDwbwU-wfwËK wpwkrmvg~jk cwiph v Kg m~wp jv Z bzzb bzzb Zvr wykfv e-e envi hvm Lvevi e envi Kiv nq hv A bk Î vbxqfv e vbxq dmj _ K ˆZwi Kiv nq Gme Kg m~wpi ev Íevq bi i q Q wzbwu wfwë: me Kg m~wpib g~ j Acywó _ K DËi Yi cöwμqvq ïiæi w` Ki h Zœi cöwz we kl Rvi Ges mȳ bv niqv ch ší ivmx K cywó Kg m~wpi AvIZvq _vkvi Ici iæz Av ivc Kiv n q Q me Kg m~wp h aviyv _ K ïiæ nq Zv n jv Ñ ivmxi `ªæZ wpwkrmvi Rb Ges wpwkrmvi wewfbœ w`k m~pviæfv e g b Pj Z n j cwievi I KwgDwbwU K Aek B Kg m~wp jv K eys Z n e I MÖnY Ki Z n e Ges G Z Ask wb Z n e me Kg m~wp Z g~j Askx`vi `i K m ú ³ Kivi Ici iæz `Iqv n q Q hviv mdj Kg m~wprvz civgk I g bv hvm _ K DcK Z n Z cvi eb Ges Gfv e Kg m~wp jvi `xn gqvw` Kg Kv Ði Askx`vi n eb Zxeª gvîvq cöpû Acywó gvkv ejvq wewfbœ KwgDwbwU-wfwËK Kg m~wpi djvdj _ K GUvB cözxqgvb nq h, Gme Kg m~wpi d j evb ii mnvqzvi cö qvrb cy ivcywi kl n q hvq bv wvkb, Zey Gme Kg m~wpi gva g wpwkrmv Rvi`vi n j Rb ^v Zvi Zvrch c~y cöfve co e, g Zz i _vev _ K euvp e nvrvi nvrvi wkï `Lyb Z_ cäx: c ôv.108 vbxq Rb Mvôxi m ½ Askx`vwiZ, cwiph vi avivevwnkzv Ges ^v e e vi kw³kvjxkiy 67

c _ bvbv mxgve Zv I evav KI Ges G jv K AwZμg Kivi cš vi wvk Ki e Av Mi Aby Q ` QvKv i mev cšuqv bvi Kg KvÐ K we Í Z Kivi RvZxq KŠkjMZ cwikíbvi h iƒc ilv `uvo Kiv bv n q Q Zvi g a i q Q: ^v e e vq weivrgvb evavmg~n wpwýz Kiv I Zv `~i Kiv AvIZv evov bvi Î DbœwZ I cöwzeükzv Z`viwK Kiv Q- mevi ch vqμwgk cö ek Ges ^v e e vi kw³kvjxkiy ^v mevq gvbe m ú` m¼u gvkv ejv Kiv djvd ji j wb q ^v e e vi Dbœqb Rjv ch v q ^v e e vi kw³kvjxkiy ^v e e vq weivrgvb evavmg~n wpwýz Kiv I Zv `~i Kiv cwiph vi avivevwnkzv i vi Rb mwμq mev cö`vb buiqvk _vkv Riæwi cwiph vi avivevwnkzv wzb Íi wewkó Av Mi Aby Q ` hvi iƒc ilv ewy Z n q Q: cwievi I KwgDwbwU; we Kw `ªZ I mevmönxzvi KvQvKvwQ cöv_wgk mev; Ges ^v K `ª wfwëk idvivj ev ivmx vbvšíik Z mev I we klvwqz ivmcöwz iva mev cöv_wgk c` ci Rb mev we Í Z Kivi Î mnvqk n Z cv i Ggb me mevcö`vbkvix (mikvwi, emikvwi I AbvbyôvwbK) Ges ms v (GbwRI cöwzôvbmn) m ú K DcvË I YMZ Z_ msmön cö qvrb GB cöwμqvi GKwU D`vniY Nvbvi D PZi c~e vâ j cviqv hvq G A j eû GbwRI ev emikvwi cöwzôvb i q Q hviv wewfbœ ^v mev w` q _v K Z ivwš^z wkï Rxebi v I Dbœqb Kg m~wpi (Accelerated Child Survival and Development programme) AvIZvq Nvbv iw μm gv`vim K ve&m, RvZxq ^v mevmg~n Ges BDwb m di mgwš^z D ` vm K msnz I mgwš^z Kiv n q Q Ges mv wfwëk DuPz gv bi djvdj wb q Avm Z m g I ^íe qi mevmg~n K GKwU Q cö`vb Kivi D ` vm biqv n q Q Ges Gme ms vi mnvqzvq G KvR K we Í Z Kivi Ici Rvi `Iqv n Q 9 iæz c~y Ab vb c` ci g a i q Q e e v Ry o Qwo q _vkv wewfbœ evav I cöwzeükzv K wpwýz I we køly Kiv Ges G jv `~i Kiv ev AwZμg Kivi KŠkj wbiƒc Y KvR Kiv 10 G jvi D e n Z cv i ^v K `ªi Í i, gvvch v q ev mgv R I M n A_ev G jvi D e n Z cv i KŠkjMZ I AvgjvZvwš K cöwμqvi g a hv bxwzgvjv cöyqb K i, mnvqk miävg I mieivn wbqš Y K i Ges wbqg I wewa cöyqb I ev Íevqb K i c.69-gi wpî 4.2-G GKwU ` ki ^v e e vi cö Z K Í i mev cö`v bi Î m ve g~j evav jv Ges h bxwzgvjvmz I kvmbzvwš K cwi cöw Z G jv KvR K i Zv `Lv bv n q Q Gme cöwzeükzv we køl Yi bzzb nvwzqvi Ôevav c iv bvi Rb cövwšík ev RUÕ-Gi iƒc ilv c ôv 70-Gi c v b j Dc vcb Kiv n q Q A bk evav i q Q hv we kl ai bi mgvav bi `vwe iv L Ges hvi Rb mev cö`v bi wewfbœ Í i weivwrz mgm v `~i Kiv cö qvrb D`vniY wnmv e ejv h Z cv i, KwgDwbwU m`m `i g a gvbm úbœ ^v mev cviqvi Pvwn`v Kg _vk Z cv i, A_ev ^v K `ª I gvvch v qi ^v Kgx `i mvg_ I ` Zv mxwgz n Z cv i, ev _vk Z cv i Avw_ K, mvgvwrk I ev Íe Ab vb evav Ñ GmeB mev Q cö`v bi AvIZv evov bvi Î cöwzeük n q DV Z cv i Gme evav `~i Ki Z Z Zxq Aa v q ewy Z vbxq Rb Mvôxi m ½ mn hvmx D ` vm h_v_ A _ B Abb I Acwinvh f~wgkv cvjb Ki Z cv i Gme Askx`vwiZ g~jk D ` v Mi gva g vbxq ^v Kgx mn wb ew`zcövy ^v Kgx I mevi m ½ mbme M n vwj I Rb Mvôxi m ½ hvmv hvm NwU q `Iqv h Z cv i hviv h _ó mev cv Q bv Z e ^v K `ªwfwËK I gvvch v qi ^v Kgx `i c _ K vbxq ^v Kgx `i K mnvqzv w` Z n e Ges we kl ai bi ` Zv cö`vb Ki Z n e hv we klvwqz mnvqzvi `vwe iv L 11 ^v I cywó wel q vbxq Rb Mvôxi Askx`vwiZ K mnvqzv `Iqvi Rb I mev cö`v bi YMZ gvb e w i Î AZ vek Kxq wøzxq ch v qi cö qvrb jv n Q Ñ ^v Kgx `i Kv Ri gvb I `vwqz eva e w Ges ^v K `ª jv Z cö qvrbxq mewkqyi ch vß grỳ I Zvr wykfv e Ilya cviqv wbwðz Kiv mevi gvb evov bvi AvswkK mgvavb Awbevh fv eb i q Q m ú` evov bv A_ vr gvbe, Avw_ K I e e vcbvmz m ú` Ges cöwk Y cö`v bi g a Z e Drmvne ÄK Ab vb c` c I DbœZZi gvbe m ú` e e vcbvi Gi m ½ hvm Kiv h Z cv i ^v e e vi Dbœq b cöavb cöavb P v j Äi g a i q Q ^v e e vi cwiw wz cwigv ci D PZi Í ii wb ` kk A_ vr bxwzgvjv I KŠkjMZ e e vcbv, AvšÍt-LvZ mikvwi bxwzgvjv Ges cwi ekmz I cwiw wzmz cwiez b Gi KviY ivr bwzk I cövwzôvwbk cwi cöw Z AskZ G jv w` qb MwVZ nq hv `i g a mnmv ev mn R cwiez b Avbv m e nq bv 12 ZviciI ewjô bz Z, m PZbZvg~jK Kg KvÐ, KŠkjMZ mnvqzv Ges mn hvmx Kg KvÐ ev Askx`vwiZ cwiez b Avb Z mnvqk n e 68 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

AvIZv e w i AMÖMwZ I mxgve Zv Z`viwK g~j vqb I mv i wfwë Z M o Zvjv wbqwgz Z`viwK, civgk I Kg m~wpi Awf hvrb mwvkfv e Kvh Ki GKwU ^v e e vi Acwinvh Ask wnmv e eûj ^xk Z G jv e wz i K Kg m~wp Kvh KvwiZvi wbweo g~j vqb m e bq kw³kvjx I mv wfwëk Rb ^v i Rb `ikvi Ggb GKwU ` p Ávb-wfwË hv iv Mi cöv`yf ve I nvi, ivm I cwiw wzi wb ` kk I djvdj Ges mevmg~ ni wbivcëv, Kvh KvwiZv I e q hvi AšÍfy ³ n e wewfbœ c` c I KŠk ji djvdj Rvb Z ^v Rwic I M elyv Acwinvh hv Z K i AZ vek Kxq mv Qu K biqv hvq, g~j welq jv wk L biqv hvq Ges me P q fv jv PP v I Af vm jv M o Zvjv hvq bxwzgvjv I mevi Î gvbvbmb cwiez b `ªæZ wb q Avmvi Rb AvIZv m úwk Z Z`viwK AZ ší Riæwi mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j i ^v welqk Kg Kv Ði cwigvc A bkuvb wbf i K i RbmsL v I ^v Rwic (wwgbpgm) I eû-m~pk Q Rwic (GgAvBwmGm) ai bi eo eo Rwi ci Ici GgwWwR m~pk jvi g a g~j cwigvck jv K cviqv hvq hv w` q ^v m úwk Z j mg~ ni AMÖMwZ gvcv m e nq Gi A bk jv wkïi Rxeb i vi Î D P- AMÖvwaKvim úbœ-m~pkmg~ ni z`ªzg Qi Ask wnmv e cviqv hvq Gme m~pk gv, bervzk I wkïi Rxeb i vi KvD UWvDb cöwμqvi cwi cöw Z BDwb md I wek ^v ms v Ab vb mn hvmx `i m ½ hš_fv e wby q K i Q GgAvBwmGm I wwgbpgm-gi gva g wbw` ó mgq ci ci cviqv Z _ i wfwë Z ^ízg msl K AZ vek Kxq mev Kvh Kifv e cšuqv bvi welqwu w i Kiv nq Gme Rwi ci AšÍe Zx Kvj cuvp eqi _ K wzb eq i bvwg q Avbv n q Q Ges j Z`viwKi YMZ gvb Av iv evov bv n q Q AwaKš, D P djvdj Avb Z m g Ggb mevmg~n cö`v bi KvR K we Í Z Ki Z n j AMÖMwZ I mgm v we køly cö qvrb hv m úv` bi Rb RvZxq, AvÂwjK ev Rjv ch v q Ges vbxq Rb Mvôxi Í i Z`viwK cöwμqv cwipvjbv Ki ZB n e Dbœqbkxj K qkwu ` k m Rbkxj c wz Z RbM Yi Ici ^v Kg m~wp jvi djvdj Z`viwK Kiv n Q wpî: 4.2 ^v mev cö`v bi Î wewfbœ evav AwZμg Kivi Dcvq KvR Kvh Ki cögvwyz mevmg~n wbe vpb Kiv cöwk Y Z`viwK e _ `i K Lu y R ei Kiv I evwo evwo hviqv cwievi I KwgDwbwU K msmwvz Kiv ^v welqk m cömviy KvR I gvv-ch vqwfwëk z`ªcwikíbv ev ÍevwqZ Kiv vbxq Rb Mvôxi mnvqzvkvix `i Øviv cöwk Y cö`vb I bzzb Kgx wb qvm mieivn e e v K hyw³m½z Kiv djvdj AwZ wkï I gvz g Zz n«vm ^v mev cö`v bi (Kvh Ki AvIZv m wó) YMZ gvb e w ^v mevi mxgv I we Í wz (ch vß AvIZv m wó) e w mevi cöv_wgk e env ii gvîv evov bv (Pvwn`v I mvg_ e w ) mev MÖn Yi fš MvwjK AvIZv evov bv ^v mev cö`v bi Î gvbem ú `i cövc Zv evov bv Ilya I Ab vb AZ vek Kxq wpwkrmv miäv gi cövc Zv evov bv Drm: BDwb md, wek e vsk I wek ^v ms v, Ô ^v e e v kw³kvjxkiy Ges DuPz-gv bi djvdj Avb Z m g I ^íe q ^v I cywó mevmg~ ni mymgwš^z Qi gvb` Ð ev Íevq bi gva g Avwd«Kvq mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j mg~ n cšuqv bvi D Ï k GKwU KŠkjMZ KvVv gvõ, Avwd«Kvb BDwbq bi Aby iv a BDwb md, wek ^v ms v I wek e vsk KZ K cö ZK Z Lmov, m Þ ^i 2006, c.25 vbxq Rb Mvôxi m ½ Askx`vwiZ, cwiph vi avivevwnkzv Ges ^v e e vi kw³kvjxkiy 69

Ôevav c iv bvi cövwšík ev RUÕ Ôevav c iv bvi cövwšík ev RUÕ djvdjwfwëk cwikíbv I ev RU cöyq bi GKwU nvwzqvi hv GKwU ` k wkï I gvz g Zz VKv Z wewfbœ Kg m~wpi Ávb K Kv R jvmvq, ev Íevq bi c _ evav jv K wpwýz K i Ges Gme evav `~i Kivi Rb cö qvrbxq cövwšík LiP wba viy K i Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv A j gvz, bervzk I wkï ^v wel q g~j KŠkjMZ KvVv gvmg~n ˆZwi Kivi j BDwb md, wek e vsk I wek ^v ms v GB nvwzqvi hš_fv e cö Z K i Q AZ ší mdj e j cögvwyz Kg m~wpi j w i Kiv, Kg m~wpi cöz vwkz djvdj wnmve Kiv, cöwz Rxeb euvpv bvi j gv_vwcqy LiP wnmve Kiv, cö qvrbxq evowz Avw_ K mskzjvb Ges Gme evowz LiP hvmv Z `ikvwi Avw_ K cwimi wnmve Ki Z GB nvwzqvi e eüz n Q (Avw_ K cwimi ej Z ev R Ui g a KZUzKz cwimi we` gvb Zv K evsv bv h Z cv i - h cwim ii g a GKwU mikvi Zvi AvKvw Z Kv bv D Ïk mva b A_ vqb Ki Z cv i hgb, mikv ii A_ bwzk cwiw wz Z Aw wzkxjzv m wó n e Ggb Avk¼v e wz i K gvz, bervzk I wkï ^v i vi Î wewfbœ evav DËi Y A_ vqb) evav c iv bvi cövwšík ev RU cuvpwu g~j av c MwVZ: gvz, bervzk I wkï g Zz Ges Amȳ Zv I g Zz i g~j m~pk, cöeyzv I KviY wby q Ges AZ vek Kxq mev MÖn Yi my hvm cwigvc, Ges mv wfwëk I D Pgv bi djvdj Avb Z m g Kg m~wpmg~n wbe vpb I cö`v bi cwikíbvi gva g wewfbœ mev-cö`vb c wzi Øviv g~j KviY jv `~i Kivi cö Póv mev-cö`vb c wz ej Z cwievi/kwgdwbwu wfwëk cwiph v, RbmsL vwfwëk Zdwmj hvm mev I åvg gvb KŠkj, ev cöv_wgk I idvivj ev ivmx we klvwqz mevi Rb vbvšíi hvm Í ii ^v K `ª e w³wfwëk wpwkrmv mev evsv bv n q Q cöv_wgk ^v mevmg~ ni AvIZvq ch vß I Kvh Ki fv e wb q Avmvi Rb cy iv e e v Ry o _vkv mieivn I Pvwn`vi evav jv wpwýzkiy, Ges mev cö`v bi g~j c wz jvi cö Z KwU Z D Pgv bi djvdj wb q Avmvi Dc hvmx Kg m~wp cwikíbv ev Íevq bi Î cöwzeükzv jv wpwýzkiy ch vß AvIZvq wb q Avmvi Î AšÍf y³ wel qi g a Av Q AZ vek Kxq IlyacÎ cövwß I mieivn, ^v mev I ^v Kgx i mvnvh cövwßi my hvm, ^v cwiph v msμvší mevi cöv_wgk e envi Ges mev e env ii avivevwnkzv c ii av c i q Q evavmg~ ni KviY AbymÜvb Ges G jv AwZμ g cöwzköæwzkxj KŠkj wba viy hv ÔmxgvšÍÕ wba vi Y mnvqzv K i Ñ evav jv AwZμg Kivi ci ch vß, Kvh Ki I AR b hvm Q-Kvh μg ev Íevqb m eci nq cö Z K Kg -c` ci AvIZvq Rxebi v nv ii Ici cöz vwkz cöfv ei AvbygvwbK wnmve gv I wkïi Rxeb i v I ^v Î D Pgv bi djvdj Avb Z m g Q-Kg m~wp I cwikíbvmg~ ni mvdj wel q cviqv mv i mv cöwzk I Mfxi we køly Gme wnmv ei wfwë Rxebi vi nvi GKvwaKevi MYbvi m vebv Gov Z GKwU Ae kl c wz Z GB wnmve jv Kiv n q Q AwZwi³ cö qvr bi aib, cwigvy/msl v Ges LiP wbe vpb Gme cö qvr bi g a i q Q ezb, Ilya I cöwk Y hv evav `~i K i Kg KvÐ m úv`b Ki Z, Zvi AvIZv e w Ki Z Ges Kg m~wp cwikíbv Kvh Ki Kivi MwZ K Z ivwš^z K i Zv K kl mxgvq cšu Q `Iqv ev R Ui wbwnzv_ we køly, A_ vq bi m ve Drm wpwýzkiy, cövwšík LiPmg~ ni Zzjbv Ges ^v Lv Z Li Pi Rb ÔAvw_ K cwim iõi Kv Q evowz A_ vq bi Pvwn`v cö Z K ` k ^v Lv Z e qi Rb Avw_ K cwimi wnmve K i wek e vsk I AvšÍR vwzk gỳ ªv Znwej Ges Gfv e bvbv Riæwi ^v Z_ Qu K biqv n Q ewjwfqv GiKgB GKwU `k GLv b ïgvwiwfwëk c wz e envi K i eq i `yõevi cö Z K evwo Z wm q wbw` ó Kg m~wpi AvIZvq me gvbyl K wpwýz Kiv n qwqj Gici mb ïgvwi e envi K i g Zz i m eÿ v P Sz uwk Z _vkv wkï `i Rb D P djvdj cö`v b m g Ggb wkqy wbe vwpz mev cšuqv bv n q Q GB c wzi d j `Lv Mj, hme GjvKvq ^v Kg m~wp jv PjwQj mlv b cuvp eqi eq mi wb P Mo g Zz nvi wbqwš Z Rjv jvq GKB eq mi wkïi Mo g Zz nv ii GK-Z Zxqvsk _ K A a K 13 ch vqμwgkfv e Q mev Ges ^v e e v kw³kvjxkiy h welqwu μgk ^xk wz cv Q, Zv n Q Q- mev cö`vb K we Í Z Kivi KvR ch vqμwgk n Z n e hv wbf i Ki e ev R Ui cövc Zv, Avbylw½K mnvqk miävg cövwß, KvwiMwi mvg_ ev Av_ mvgvwrk I mvs wzk cwiw wz BZ vw` cwiez bkxj wel qi Ici wkqy wkqy mev Zvr wykfv e wb q hviqv m e n e Avevi wkqy mev cšuqv Z ek LvwbKUv mgq j M hv e AZ vek Kxq mevmg~n w` q ˆZwi z`ªzg mev- Qi we Í wz bzzb KŠkjmg~ ni Ab Zg g~j Dcv`vb Gi D Ïk wbw` ó AvIZvi j cšuqv bv m wzi wfwë Z w i Kiv Gme j AR bi Rb mev Q cö Z Kiv n Q Gme mev Av MB Av jvwpz wzbwu g~j mev cö`vb c wz Aej ^b K i cšuqv bv n e Ges wzbwu ch v q cö`vb Kiv n e 14 ^v mev ch vqμwgkfv e cšuqv bvi c` c wb j cö Z KwU `k cöv_wgkfv e GKwU mev Q cö Z K i Zv ev ÍevwqZ Ki e hv mg qi m ½ m ½ we Í Z Kiv h Z cv i mev Qi g a Kvb Kvb mev AšÍfy ³ n e Zv wbf i Ki e H ` ki ^v e e vi mvg _ i Ici 70 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

(AvBGgGd) evav c iv bvi we køl Y wewfbœ ` ki D`vniY cövq 25wU Dbœqbkxj ` k Ges wewfbœ ai bi mev cö`vb c wz K a i evav c iv bvi we køly Kiv n q Q mev cö`v bi wzbwu c wzi cö Z KwUi AvIZv-m~PK jvi g~j vq bi Rb cöwzwbwaz g~jk hme m~pk e envi Kiv n q Q Zv wbgœwjwlz cwigvck jv K AšÍfy ³ K i (GB ZvwjKv m ú~y bq): cwievi I KwgDwbwU wfwëk cwiph v: wbivc` cvwb I cqtmyweavi e envi, KxUbvk K Rviv bv gkvwi e envi, wkï K LvIqv bv Ges Amȳ wkï I bervz Ki cwiph v Ñ GB wb ` kk jv GLv b AšÍfy ³ RbmsL vwfwëk Zdwmj hvm mev: wb ` kk wnmv e GLv b ivmcöwz iv a wukv Kg m~wp I Mf Kvjxb cwiph v AšÍfy ³ wpwkrmvwfwëk cwiph v: wb ` kk wnmv e GLv b cömekv R ` ^v Kgx i Dcw wz Ges cömekvjxb Riæwi cwiw wz gvkv ejv I cömeciezx cöm~wz I bervzk cwiph v AšÍfy ³ GB nvwzqvi e envi K i cövß djvdj _ K GUvB ei n q G m Q h, hme ` k GwU e envi Kiv n q Q mme ` k Ggb me evav Avwe vi n q Q h jv Gme ` ki Íi ev cöeyzv-cökvkk Dcv Ë Zvr wykfv e cöwzdwjz nqwb mv cöwzk wkqy Kg kvjvq Rvbv M Q: nûyivm: cvwb, cqte e v Ges cwi QbœZv mev wel q evav- c iv bv wfwëk we køly _ K `Lv M Q DbœZ cvwb cv bi h _ó my hvm _vkv m Ë I kvab K i wbivc` Kiv n q Q Ggb cvwb cvb Ki Q A a KiI Kg M n vwj Gme evav c iv bvi j biqv KŠk ji g a i q Q cvwb kvab Kg KvÐ K we Í Z Kiv, ïaygvî wbivc` cvwb cvb Kivi welqwu KB DrmvwnZ Kivi Rb Z_, wk v Ges hvmv hv Mi D ` vm MÖnY wmwb: 2000 mv j hme Rjvq Z ivwš^z wkï Rxebi v I Dbœqb (Accelerated Child Survival and Development - ACSD) kxl K Kg m~wpwu ev ÍevwqZ n qwqj, mlvbkvi 70 kzvsk MÖv g GKRb K i vbxq ^v I cywó cöpvikgx wqj, 50 kzvsk cwiev ii GKwU K i gkvwi wqj Ges 25 kzvsk Mf ezx bvix gkvwii fz i ïz wkš ch vß AvIZvi P q Kvh Ki AvIZv `Lv Mj A bk Kg KviY cuvp kzvs kii Kg e w³ m cöwz KxUbvk K Rviv bv n q Q Ggb gkvwii wb P ïz g v jwiqv cöwz iv ai Î GB wbw` ó evavwu K AwZμg Ki Z h c` c jv biqv n jv Ñ Zvi g a wqj hz gkvwi ez gvb wqj Zvi me jv K webvg~ j gkv-gviv Ily a Rviv bv n jv, m ½ m ½ Mf ezx gwnjv `i K we kl iæz w` q AZ ší n«vmk Z g~ j Ily a Rviv bv gkvwi `Iqv n jv, hviv Mf Kvjxb mev MÖnY KiwQj Ges Zv `i mšívb `i K cy iv wukv `Ihv n jv evav c iv bvi Î GB mgwš^z c` ci d j 2004 mvj bvmv` mlv b Ily a Rviv bv gkvwii fzi kvqvi Kvh Ki nvi 40 kzvsk e o wm qwqj GKBm ½ wukv (cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx wkï `i Rb `ikvwi mekwu wukv) I Mf Kvjxb cwiph v (Kgc wzbwu mv vr) wel q Kvh Ki AvIZv 2002 mv ji 40 kzvsk _ K e o `yb eqi ci 70 kzvs k `uvwo qwqj `Lyb Z_ cäx, c. 108 ga ezx evav jv K μgk `~i Kiv m e n j Zv mev cö`v bi AvIZv evov bvi Î mnvqk n e GgbwK wewfbœ RwUj cwiw wz KI ZLb mev cö`v bi AvIZvq wb q Avmv m e n e mev jv K GK GKwU Q wb q G m cšuqv bvi c wz h nzz djvdj Kw `ªK ZvB AMÖvwaKvi hvm mev jv K Qe K i ch vqμwgkfv e cö`vb Kivi I we Ívi Kivi j cwikjcbv I Z`viwK Kiv h Z cv i ^v e e vi mvg_ wbgœgv bi Ggbme ` k mev we Ív ii Rb wbgœwjwlz wzbwu ch vq mycvwik Kiv n q Q: ch vq GK: cöv_wgk ch vqwu Z iæz `Iqv n q Q cwievi/kwgdwbwu Kw `ªK cwiph v I RbmsL v Kw `ªK gvvch vq cwiph vi cy iv e e v Ry o Qwo q _vkv evav jv K A a K Kwg q Avbvi Ici Ges DbœZ wk wbkvj mevi Pvwn`v m wói Ici Rvi `Iqv n q Q GQvov Rvi `Iqv n q Q PjwZ bxwzgvjv, gvbem ú` I mvg_ msμvší we` gvb cwiw wz Z D P mydj cö`vbkvix I e q-mvkªqx wewfbœ mev ev Íevqb I cö`v bi Ici G Î ev Íevqb KŠk ji g a i q Q cvwievwik cwiph vi PP v evov bvi j vbxq ^v I cywó Kgx `i cöwk Y I m ú ³ KiY z`ªzg mev Q mvaviyz wbgœwjwlz Dcv`vb jv AšÍfy ³ n q _v K: g v jwiqv cöwz ivax mev cywó cwi QbœZv PP vq mnvqzv ivm cöwz iva Kg Kv Ði m ½ nvgrwbz g Zÿ i nvi n«v m m ú~ik cöpviyv bervzk I wkï Ae vq Amȳ Zv gvkv ejvq GKxf~Z mymsnz e e vcbv vbxq Rb Mvôxi m ½ Askx`vwiZ, cwiph vi avivevwnkzv Ges ^v e e vi kw³kvjxkiy 71

` ^v Kg xj mnvqzvq cöme I bervzk cwiph v Ges Riæwi cömerwbz mgm v-msμvší mev GBPAvBwf-GBWm cöwz iva I wpwkrmv ^v K `ªwfwËK cwiph v ch vq `yb: wøzxq ch v q i q Q ewa Z mev Q Gi g a i q Q bervzk I gv qi ewa Z cwiph v, RvZxq bxwzgvjvi gva g ev ÍevwqZ DbœZ cvwb mieivn I ch vß cqtmyweav Ges ch vß A_ vq bi D ` vm G ch v qi j mieivn I Pvwn`vi wewfbœ evav AcmvwiZ K i mev cö`v bi wzbwu c wz KB Av iv UKmB I kw³kvjx Kiv ch vq wzb: P~ovšÍ ch v q i q Q ivuvfvbivm I wbd gvk vj wukvi g Zv bzzb D veb jv K cšuqv bv, G msμvší mev we Í Z Kiv Ges GB m eÿ v P mev Qi mieivn I Pvwn`v e w Kiv 15 Dbœqbkxj ` k ^v mev Lv Z gvbem ú `i m¼u gvkv ejv eû ` k A_ bwzk Kó I Avw_ K m¼u ^v Kgx `i Aw wzkxj I `ye j K i d j Q Avi Gi d j g bvejnxbzv, wbgœ Drcv`bkxjZv I gvbem ú` Lv Z Ach vß wewb qv Mi GK `yópμ m wó n q Q Dbœqbkxj `k jv Z ^v Kgx i AfveRwbZ mgm v gvkv ejv Ki Z n j GKvwaK mgqkvvv gvi AvIZvq GK Q wgkª c` c wb Z n e ^í gqvw`: GB gyn~ Z i AMÖvwaKv ii GKwU welq n Q gv I wkï ^v wel q RvZxq I ˆewk K wewfbœ D ` v Mi ev Íevq bi d j ^v e e v Av iv f½yi n q co e bv ev ^v Kgx cviqvi Î AwaKZi m¼u m wó n e bv Zv wbwðz Kiv ^í _ K gvsvwi gqvw`: we` gvb ^v mev ckvrxex `i Drcv`bkxjZv I g bvej cybiæ vi Ki Z n e Ges mrb `ikvwi Drmvne ÄK c` ci g a i q Q ezb e w I DbœZ Z`viwK GQvov ` ki mgwómz A_ bxwzi KvVv gv I `vwi`ª we gvpb KŠk ji mxgvi g a KwgDwbwU ^v Kgx mn ^v Lv Zi m ½ RwoZ cy iv Kgx evwnbxi g a we Í Z Ki Z n e `xn gqvw`: ^v Kgx i m¼u gvkv ejvq ^v cwiph vi m ½ RwoZ ckvrxex `i wk v I cöwk Y cöf~z gvîvq evov Z n e wpwkrmv ckvrxex `i DbœZ cöwk Y I A_ vqb e w i e e v Kiv bv M j G m¼u Av iv evo Z cv i hv gv, bervzk I wkïi Rxebi v I ^v msμvší cwiw wzi Rb kl ch ší aÿsmvz K n q `uvov Z cv i Gme c` c wb Z n j ` p bz Z `ikvi hvi wfwë n e gvbm úbœ ^v mev K AMÖvwaKvi `Iqvi e vcv i mgv Ri fz i e vck HKgZ cwiph vi avivevwnkzvq me Rbxb AskMÖn Yi my hvm cöwzôv Ki Z n j `k jv K Zv `i ^v Kgx m¼u guv Z n e Zvi Ic i Gme cwikíbv K Awbevh fv e ^v LvZ AwZμg K i Ab vb wel qi we Í Z Ki Z n e hgb, mikvwi PvKwi Î ms vi, we K `ªxKiY I mgwómz A_ bwzk cwi ek Dbœqb Gme P v jä K Lv Uv K i `Lvi Kv bv AeKvk bb ^v Kgx i m¼u KvwU q DV Z n j ïay Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv A jb AvMvgx `k K Af~Zc~e gvîvq Kgx evwnbx evov Z n e wnmv e `Lv M Q, AÂjwU Z ^v msμvší mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j jv AR bi D Ï k ^v cwiph v we Í Z Ki Z n j 8,60,000 Rb AwZwi³ ^v Kgx `ikvi hv `i g a A a Ki ewk n e vbxq ^v I cywó Kgx A bk Dbœqbkxj ` k vbxq ^v Kgx i msl v evov bvi D ` vm biqv n Q ZvQvov ckv Q o P j hviqvi nvi n«vm Ki Z Drmvn`vbg~jK bvbv c` ci biqv n Q fviz, Kwbqv, `w Y Avwd«Kv I DMvÛvmn K qkwu `k vbxq ^v Kgx `i Rb RvZxq Kg m~wp biqvi K_v fve Q Ab w` K Bw_Iwcqv 30,000 mgvrwfwëk m cömviyg~jk bvix ^v Kgx K cöwk Y w` Q cöwk Y g~jz iæz `Iqv n Q gvz, bervzk I wkï ^v, g v jwiqv, Ges GBPAvBwf-GBWm-Gi Ici 16 vbxq ^v Kgx `i Rb Kg m~wp biqv n Q AvdMvwb Ívb, B `v bwkqv, gvrvw ^K, bcvj I cvwk Ív bi g Zv ` ki ^v Kg x `i Rb biqv Kg m~wp K kw³kvjx Ki Z cöv_wgkfv e iæz `Iqv n e ^v I cywó cö`vbkvix vbxq ^v Kgx `i Ici hv Z K i wzbwu Î mevi cwiwa e w Kiv hvq: evwo-evwo-mv vr c wz Z cvwievwik cwiph v msμvší DbœZ Af vm M o Zvjv hme Rb Mvôx ^v K `ªwfwËK mev MÖn Y wcwq q Av Q Zv `i g a cvwievwik e env ii Rb AZ vek K ^v I cywó msμvší `ªe weziy Kiv Amȳ wkï `i K AMÖvwaKvi wfwëk mev `Iqv Kgx `i K cöiyv w` Z evav-aiv ez bi cwie Z Zuv `i Rb Mvôxi g a ^v wel q fv jv AvPiY M o IVvi Ici wbf i K i Drmvn`vbg~jK m vbx `Iqv h Z cv i mv `Lv M Q h GKvwaK Drmvn`vbg~jK c` c vbxq ^v Kgx `i ckv Q o P j hviqv n«vm Ki Z iæz c~y f~wgkv ivl Z cv i G 72 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

UNICEF/ HQ03-0459/Shehzad Noorani wbqwgz Z`viwK I g~j vq bi gva g ^v -cwiph vi mevmg~ ni Kvh KvwiZv ^xk Z nq cöpzi cövwubmg we zu wezi Yi Av M wkï `i Acywói gvîv cix v Kiv n Q, BivK ai bi c` c cövqb Aí cwigv Y A_ ev Ô`ªe Õ AvKv i `Iqv Drmv ni m ½ m ½ mgv Ri ^xk wz I Z`viwK wel q Rvi iæz `Iqv nq; ZvQvov e w³mz Dbœqb Ges Dbœq bi my hv Mi IciI GKBiKg iæz `Iqv nq D`vniY wnmv e qv Zgvjvi K_v D jøl Kiv hvq `kwu Z Z`viwKi AvIZvq _vkv vbxq ^v Kgx `i KvR Q o `Iqvi nvi Z`viwKwenxb vbxq ^v Kgx `i P q `yb _ K wzb Y Kg Gi KviY evb i _ K Avmv we klá `i m ½ hvmv hvm c ii ai bi ^v Kgx `i K evowz gh v`v G b w` q Q 17 Kvh Ki we Í ZKiY I ^v mev we Ív ii Awe Q` Ask n Q ^v Kgx `i ` Zv e w djvdjwfwëk Kv Ri wfwë Z `Iqv Drmvng~jK m vbx I G ai bi Pzw³i cvkvcvwk gvbm úbœ ZË veavb I Z`viwK we` gvb ^v Kgx `i K DØy Kivi Ges GKBm ½ G ckvq fwel r Kgx `i K AvK ó Kivi mvg_ iv L djvd ji j ^v e e v M o Zvjv ^v e e v kw³kvjx Kivi D ` v Mi djvd ji cwigvck wnmv e ^v msμvší mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j I Ab vb wb ` kk AR bi Ici μgk Av iv ewk iæz Av ivc Kiv n Q Ges GRb we kl K i Avwd«Kvq cö`ë mvnv h i g a mgš^q e w Ges Kg KvÐ Z ivwš^z Kivi Póv Kiv n Q djvd ji Ici we kl Rvi `Iqvi KviY djvdj Ges wewb qv Mi g a mgš^q m wó ^v e e vi Dbœqb K j AR b cöwμqv _ K Avjv`v K i bq, eis Gi GKwU Ask wnmv e μgk we epbv Kiv n Q ^v e e v K kw³kvjx Kivi ga w` q mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j i Pvi I cuvp b ^i j AR b Kivi Rb cöyxz KŠkjMZ KvVv gvq e e v I djvd ji ga Kvi m ú K i Ici Rvi `Iqv n q Q Avwd«Kvb BDwbq bi Aby iv a BDwb md, wek ^v ms v Ges wek e vsk GB KŠkjMZ KvVv gv cöyqb K i Q KvVv gvwu Avwd«Kvi 16wU ` ki e e vmz m¼umg~ ni we køly K i Q Ges `k a i a i Gme m¼u `~i Kiv n j mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j i Ici Zvi m ve cöfve wepvi K i ` L Q GB KvVv gvi Ici wbf i K i Avwd«Kvi 10wU `k GLb Zv `i cwikíbv I ev RU vbxq Rb Mvôxi m ½ Askx`vwiZ, cwiph vi avivevwnkzv Ges ^v e e vi kw³kvjxkiy 73

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Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv A j wkïi Rxebi v Ges Ab vb ^v msμvší mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j AR bi Rb wewb qvm RyjvB 2005-G Avwd«Kvb BDwbq bi Rb m ó ÔAvwd«Kvq wkïi Rxeb i v wel q mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j AR b KŠkjMZ wbg vy-kvvv gvõ- Z h KŠkj jvi iƒc ilv cöyqb Kiv n q Q, Avkv Kiv n Q Zv Zzjbvg~jK ^í mg q Dc-mvnviv Avwd«Kvq cöv_wgk ^v mevi AvIZv Kvh Kifv e evov bvi Rb b~ bzg h kz jv _vkv Acwinvh m jv ˆZwi Ki Z m g n e Gme k Z i g a i q Q mv wfwëk, D P djvdj Avb Z m g I ^í-e q ^ízg msl K mevi GKwU Q hv cwievi I KwgwDwbwUwfwËK cwiph v, RbmsL v Kw `ªK mev I wk wbkvj mevi gva g cö`vb Kiv m e n e QwU Z g~j h mev jv _vk e e j Avkv Kiv n Q Zvi g a i q Q wbd gvwbqv I bervz Ki msμgy cöwz iv a Gw Uev qvwuk; g v jwiqv cöwz ivax wgkª Ilya; wkï K LvIqv bv I cwi QbœZv wel q m PZbZv; KxUbvk K Rviv bv gkvwi; LvIqvi m vjvbb; R b i mg q ` mnvq Ki Dcw wz; Ges m ú~ik wfuvwgb-g cö`vb, wkï `i GBWm cöwz iva I cwiph v, Riæwi cöme msμvší RwUjZv I bervz Ki cwiph v Avkv Kiv n Q Gme KŠkj I mev bvixi gzvq bi gva g wkïi cywó, gvz g Zz, bvixi Ae vb I `vwi`ª n«vm msμvší cwiw wz Dbœq b h _ó f~wgkv ivl e (wzbwu ev Íevqb ch vq m ú K Av jvpbv Kiv n q Q c.71-72-g ) ch vq-gk-gi AvIZvq GB KŠkj Avwd«Kvq cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx wkïg Zz nvi 30 kzvsk ev ZviI ewk Ges gvz g Zz nvi cöv_wgkfv e 15 kzvsk Kwg q Avb e e j Avkv Kiv n Q GRb μgea gvb AvbygvwbK evwl K e q n e gv_vwcqy 2-3 gvwk b Wjvi ev cöwzwu Rxeb euvpv bvi Rb cövq 1,000 gvwk b Wjvi ch vq-`yb-g ewa Z GKwU mev- Q GKwU wbw` ó cwim i ev Íevq bi d j wnmve K i `Lv M Q h GB A j cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx wkïi g Zz nvi 45 kzvs kii ewk, gvz g Zz 40 kzvsk Ges bervz Ki g Zz nvi cövq 30 kzvsk n«vm cv e GRb wnmvek Z AvbygvwbK evwl K e q `uvov e gv_vwcqy cövq cuvp gvwk b Wjvi ev cöwzwu Rxeb euvpv bv wcqy 1,500 gvwk b Wjv ii wkqy Kg ch vq-wzb-g wnmve K i `Lv M Q Kvh Ki AvIZvi mxgvbvq cšuqv bvi j e nëg mev QwUi ev Íevq bi ga w` q `k jv mnmªv ãi Dbœqb wpî: 4.3 Avwd«Kvi Rb m ó KŠkjMZ wbg vy-kvvv gvi AvIZvq me wbgœ, ewa Z I m eÿ v P mev Q cšuqv bv Ges G msμvší djvdj I e qi wnmvek Z AvbygvwbK djvdj 78 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

j i 1, 4, 5 Ges 6 b ^ i DwjøwLZ g~j D Ïk jv AR b Ki Z cvi e A_ev KvQvKvwQ cšuqv e Avi Gi A_ `uvov e cuvp eq ii wb P wkïi g Zz nvi I gvz g Zz nvi 60 kzvs kii ewk n«vm, m` RvZ wkïg Zz nvi 50 kzvsk n«vm Ges g v jwiqv I Ach vß cywói nvi A a K K g Avmv ch vq-wzb AR b wnmvek Z AvbygvwbK evwl K e q `uvov e gv_vwcqy 12-15 gvwk b Wjvi ev cöwzwu Rxeb euvpv bv wcqy LiP n e cövq 2,500 gvwk b Wjvi ev Íevq bi MwZ μgk evov bvi j cö ÍvweZ ch vqμwgk Z ivwš^zki Yi Rb AwZwi³ evwl K A_ vqb cö qvrb n e gv_vwcqy evwl K 2 _ K 3 gvwk b Wjvi ch vq-gk- K we Í Z Kivi Rb z`ªzg mev Q GKwU wbw` ó cwim i wb q h Z GwU cö qvrb n e 2015 mv j Z Zxq ch vq K we Í Z Ki Z e nëg mev Q wb q h Z G LiP gv_vwcqy evwl K 12-15 Wjvi e w cv e GLv b D jøl Kiv DwPZ, Gme e q m cöwz wewfbœ wnmve c wz Aej ^b K i Kiv n q Q Ges me jv Î gvuvgywu GKBiKg djvdj cviqv M Q hv _ K g b nq Gme wnmve h _ó wbf i hvm Gme e q cy, Ilya I mieiv ni cq b LiP Kivi Rb KxUbvk K Rviv bv gkvwii cq b ek eo cwigv Yi A_ e q n e GKBiKg eo LiP n e Ily ai cq bi gvbem ú`, ^v K `ª I miävg, cöpvi, Pvwn`v m wó Ges Z`viwK I g~j vqb Gme Kg Kv Ð GB A_ fvm n q hv e KŠkjMZ wbg vy-kvvv gvi cwi cöw Z wbgœwjwlz ai bi hš_ A_ vqb cö Íve Kiv n q Q: wzbwu ch v qi cö Z KwU ZB z`ªzg mev Q cšuqv bvi KvR Z ivwš^z Ki Z cö qvrbxq evowz Li Pi cövq A a K Avm e RvZxq ev RU _ K, ev RU mnvqzv hvi AšÍfy ³ n e ev R Ui 15 kzvsk Avm e cök Z e q _ K Ges GK-Z Zxqvsk LiP Avm e ÔGBWm, h²v I g v jwiqv cöwz iv a wek ZnwejÕ (Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria - GFATM), BDwb md, wek e vsk, wek ^v ms v Ges Ab vb `vzvi KvQ _ K `Lyb Z_ cäx, c.108 wpî: 4.4 A _ i Drm 2007-2015 c.78-79-g wpî 4.3 I 4.4-Gi Drm: cöv_wgk wnmv ei wfwë BDwb md, wek e vsk I wek ^v ms vi ms kvwaz ms iy, Ô ^v e e v kw³kvjx Kiv Ges DuPz gv bi djvdj Avb Z m g I ^íe q ^v I cywó mev K mymsnz QvKv i cöz vwkz cwim i ev Íevq bi gva g Avwd«Kvq mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j AR bi KŠkjMZ wbg vy-kvvv gvõ, hvi Lmov Avwd«Kvb BDwbq bi Aby iv a BDwb md, wek ^v ms v I wek e vsk cö Z K i Q A ±vei 2007-G ms kvwaz vbxq Rb Mvôxi m ½ Askx`vwiZ, cwiph vi avivevwnkzv Ges ^v e e vi kw³kvjxkiy 79

Dbœqbkxj ` k ^v Kgx i m¼ Ui welqwu RvZxq cwikíbvq wb q Avm ZB n e hv Z K i gv, bervzk I wkï ^v i Ici Gi bwzevpk cöfve `~i Kiv hvq GKRb ^v Kgx GBWm cöwz iva I myi v welqk AvÂwjK K `ª GKwU wkï K cix v Ki Qb, iæk dwv ikb M elyvi GKwU g~j dvkvm RvZxq ^v e e vi cybwe b v mi Ici niqv DwPZ hv Z K i Ggb cwi ek m wó n Z cv i hlv b avivevwnk mev cö`vbiz Rjv ^v I cywó e e v wekwkz n Z cv i GB c wz cö qvm K i Q Ggb `k jv _ K Avmv cöyvjxe we køly I NUbvwPÎ PjwZ bxwzgvjv cöwμqv jv hfv e KvR K i m wel q iæz c~y AšÍ` wó hvmv Z cvi e Ges G K DbœZ Kivi Î f~wgkv ivl Z cvi e wkqy wkqy welq K iæz c~y mgm v wnmv e PP vkvixiv BwZg a ^xk wz w` q Qb Gi g a i q Q cövwzôvwbk mvg_ e w Ges m ú`-cöevn I ^v e e vi KvR UNICEF/HQ04-0689/Giacomo Pirozzi cwipvjbv I Z`viwKi Rb KŠkjMZ Z_ cövwß mvgwmökfv e ^v Lv Zi mykvmb m ú K Ges Rjv- Í i gvz, bervzk I wkï cwiph vi avivevwnkzvi MVb wel q Z_ hvmv Z m g Ggb bxwzgvjv cöyqb, wbqš Y I cwipvjbvi mvg_ m wói cš vi Ici mv I Ávb msmö ni KvR GLbI A bkuvb h evwk i q Q Zv cwi vi 3. ^v e e v kw³kvjx Kivi j A_ vq bi YMZ gvb I w wzkxjzv e w Kiv ^í Av qi `k jv Z hlv b ^v mev Lv Z BwZg a B Zxeª ev RU m¼u i q Q mlv b ^v mev we Í Z Kivi Rb A_ msmön Kiv weivu mgm v ^v Lv Z A_ vq bi e vcv i mikv ii bxwzgvjv bvix I wkïi ^v cwiw wzi Ici Mfxi cöfve dj Z cv i GUv n Z cv i gvz, bervzk I wkïi Rxebi v, ^v I cywó msμvší Riæwi mevq fizywk w` q ev Ki Av iv ci gv` g A_ev b vqm½z LiPfvMvfvwMi e e vq mg_ b hvmv bvi gva g wbw` ó iv Mi weiæ jovb qi cvkvcvwk ^v Lv Zi Rb ch vß A_ vqb Kvh Ki I UKmB we Í wzi Rb Riæwi ^v Lv Z c~e ezx I PjwZ mnvqzv _ K Avmv Ach vß mvd j i Rb K qkwu welq K `vqx Kiv nq hgb: ^v Lv Z mvd j i Rb cö qvrbxq mv I `kwfwëk ev R Ui Afve wbw` ó ivm wfwëk D ` v Mi cövavb _vkv Z gvz, bervzk I wkï ^v wel q RvZxq KŠkjmg~n eû-lvz c wz Aej ^ bi cöwz cövqb h _ó g bv hvm `q bv GB eû-lvz ev AvšÍ-LvZ c wzi j ^v mevq mvdj AR b, mev cšuqv bvi c _ e e vmz evav `~i Kiv A_ev ^v Lv Z M nxz KŠkj ev Íevq bi Rb ch vß ev RU cöyqb D jøl h, GB ev R Ui g a cöv_wgk ^v cwiph vi Rb cö qvrbxq mevmg~ ni mieivn I Pvwn`vi Î evav `~ixki Yi e qi AšÍf y³ ax i AMÖMwZ Ges ` ki Kg KvÐ I mgš^q cöwμqvi `ye j web vm ^í Av qi `k jv Z ^v LvZ Ges ` ki e nëi Dbœqb cöwμqvi (mikvwi LvZ I ev RU ms vi, `vwi`ª we gvpb KŠkj, mgwómz A_ bwzk I Avw_ K cwikíbv BZ vw`) g a ms hvm cövqkb Lye xy nq m ú `i cöevn, AMÖMwZ I djvdj ch e Yi Z`viwK e e vi cövqb AZ ší AcÖZzj n q _v K ZvQvov cö`ë mvnv h i Kvh Ki iƒcvq Yi e vcv i ˆewk K cöwzköæwz `kxq Í i G m ` pfv e Kv R cwiyz Kivi ÎI AMÖMwZ mxwgz Ômgš^q mvab Ges mvnv h i Kvh KvwiZv cöm ½ c vwim NvlYvÕi m ½ mvhyr i L Gi mv _ we klfv e RwoZ Av Q m ve `xn - gqvw` A_ vqb cöm½ Ges LwÛZfv e mvnvh cö`vb Kgv bvi welq jv hvi jb `b AZ ší e qmv c ^v e e v kw³kvjx Kivi c _ evav Acmvi Y cö qvrbxq A_ vqb ev ev R Ui cöwz h _ó iæz Av ivc bv Kiv ^v msμvší j AR bi cöwz ˆewk K cöwzköæwz e o Pj ji ` k ` k ^v e e v M o Zzj Z wm q `viæy A_ m¼ Ui gy L co Z n Q A_ m¼ Ui Î jvi g a i q Q g~j gvbem ú` Drcv`b I ` Rbkw³ a i ivlvi Rb `ikvwi Znwej, KvR fv jv Kivi Rb Drmvng~jK cyi vi, msmön I ch vß mieivn e e v M o Zvjv Ges mȳ ^v i Rb Pvwn`vi w`k _ K evav Acmvi Yi j ewk `wi`ª cwievi jv Z mev cšuqv bvi e e v Kiv GBPAvBwfi g Zv wbw` ó iv Mi weiæ jovb qi Rb hlb μgk ewk K i Znwej M o DV Q ZLb ` ki g a cövqb Av iv ewk K i 80 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

fvimvg nxbzv j Kiv hv Q G Z K i `Lv hv Q ^v mev cšuqv bv Ges Avw_ K cöwμqvb msm nxz cy iv Znwej ï l wb Q hvi d j we kl D ` vm jv biqvi Rb Avi Kv bv A_ _vk Q bv Gi d j ivm wbqš Y Kg m~wp jvi ev Íevq bi gvb wbgœmvgx n Q, d j Zv `i Kvh KvwiZvI μgvebwzkxj ch v q P j hv Q ^v mev cö`vbkvix `i AvPi Yi Ici mikv ii Ges mikvwi Znwej e env ii Ici ^v mevi fv³v `i `ye j wbqš Y ev G Kev ib Kv bv wbqš Y bv _vkv Kvh Ki ev Íevqb K `ye j K i w` q Q 23 ^v wel q mv cöwzk AvšÍR vwzk D ` vm jv Z mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j ev Íevq bi KvR K Z ivwš^z Ki Z Av iv m ú` hvmv bvi cö Íve ivlv n q Q Gme D ` vm Av jvkcvz K i Q djvd ji Ici Ges ^v Lv Zi m ú` eèb I djvd ji g a cwi vi hvmm~î vc bi Ici GUv Kivi Rb Dbœqb djvdj AR bi Dcvq wnmv e ^v e e v K AviI kw³kvjx Ges ^v mnvqzvi vcz K AviI mgwš^z Kiv cö qvrb Gi Rb `ikvi cöz ÿfv e Ab vb `vzv `i cöfvwez Kiv 24 GKwU k³-mvg_ LvZIqvwi cwikíbv K mnvqzv `Iqvi iæz Ges ^v e e v K kw³kvjx Kivi PjwZ D ` vm jvi g a c~y mgš^q wbwðz Kivi mw` Qv m ú K g ZK M o DV Q Gme bzzb D ` v Mi g a i q Q we Ívi NUv bvi cwikíbv cö Z I Gi YMZ gvb, Z`viwK cöwμqv Ges Znwe ji cöevn I e e vcbv 25 GB cuf~wg Z mvnvh cö`v bi Î cuvpwu bxwz m ú K g ZK M o DV Q: fv jv KvR K mywbwðz cš vq cyi Z Kiv ` ki cwipvjbv e e vi m ½ Dbœqb mnvqzv K mgwš^z Kiv djvdjwfwëk A_ vqb ^v e e v Dbœq bi Rb cwigvck Ges djvdj wb ` kk cöwzôv Kiv A_ vq bi Rb D vewb I mvg -wfwëk KŠkj cö Z Kiv dvkvm evu mvqvbv: vbxq Rb Mvôxi m ½ mn hvmx D ` v Mi gva g GBPAvBwf cöwz iva I wpwkrmvi cwimi e w cuf~wg I P v jä: Avwd«Kvi `w Yvs k gv, bervzk I wkï g Zz i cöavbzg KviY jvi GKwU GBWm evu mvqbv Z 15-49 eqi eqmx RbM Yi cövq cöwz Pvi R b GKR bi GBPAvBwf msμgy i q Q wkï `i Sz uwk ïiæ nq R b i Av M; `kwui 15-24 eqi eqmx Mf ezx bvix `i GK-Z Zxqvsk GBPAvBwf-cwRwUf gv GBPAvBwf-cwRwUf n j wkïi ` n GBPAvBwf fvbivm hw` bv-i msμwgz nq Zey G Kvi YB mlv b g Z wkï cöme Ges bervzk I AwZ ˆkk e wkïg Zz i nvi e o M Q gv qi kix i GBPAvBwf msμgy NU j Mf Kv j ev ey Ki `ya LvIqv bvi mgq wkïi g a I msμwgz n q covi cöej m vebv _v K ZvQvov, Gme gv qiv memgq g Zz Sz uwki g a _v Kb e j Zuv `i g Zz i ci wkïii eu P _vkvi m vebv K g hvq GBWm GK gv mi ewk eqmx wkï `i g Zz Ges c½y Z i GKwU eo KviY c` c I c wz: evu mvqvbvq 1999 mv j kw³kvjx ivr bwzk cöwzköæwz I D jøl hvm m ú `i mnvqzvq gv _ K wkï Z GBPAvBwf msμgy cöwz iva, ms c wcggwuwmwu (prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV - PMTCT) Kg KvÐ ïiæ nq cö_g _ KB evu mvqvbv mikvi Kg Kv Ði AvIZv `k Ry o m cömvi Yi cwikíbv bq bvix I wkï `i K webvg~ j mev `Iqv nq Ges Gme mev K we` gvb gvz I wkï ^v mevi m ½ mgwš^z Kiv nq Gme c` c ev mevi g a i q Q wbivc` cöme, civgk, GBPAvBwf cix v, GBPAvBwf-i cövwdj vw m (prophylaxis) ev wb ` wkz Dcv q wpwkrmv Ges Qq mßvn eq m wkïi GBPAvBwf msμgy cix v Dchy³ gv I cwiev ii Rb Gw U i UªvfvBivj _ivwci `Iqv nq Z`viwK I g~j vqb K Vvifv e AbymiY Kiv nq Ges mieiv ni avivewnkzvi e e v wbweofv e ervq ivlv nq evu mvqvbvi mvd j i GKwU g~j KviY GKwU GKK RvZxq we Í ZKiY cwikíbv K wn i GKZve mgš^q e e v M o Zvjv n q Q wcggwuwmwu K gv I wkï ^v mevi m ½ cy ivcywi mgwš^z Kiv n q Q Avevi YMZ gvb I mev MÖn Yi gvîv evov Z wkqy wkqy Î cybwe b vmi Kiv n q Q iwr bwzk mw` Qv GLv b hgb Riæwi f~wgkv i L Q, Zgwb kw³kvjx f~wgkv i L Q mgwš^z Kvh μg e e vcbv hme bvix ey Ki `ya LvIqv Z Pvb bv Zuv `i K Ges wkïi cwiph v I mnvqzv wel q d jvav c mvnvh Kivi Rb KwgDwbwU AskMÖnY I cyiæl `i K m ú ³ KivI wqj Riæwi djvdj: evu mvqvbvq 2004 mv ji g a Kg m~wpwu `k Ry o we Í Z n q Q 2005 mv ji g a 54 kzvsk GBPAvBwf-cwRwUf gv Mf Kvjxb mg q Gw U i UªvfvBivj Ilya cvw Q jb `Lyb Z_ cäx, c.108 vbxq Rb Mvôxi m ½ Askx`vwiZ, cwiph vi avivevwnkzv Ges ^v e e vi kw³kvjxkiy 81

gv, bervzk I wkïi ^v cwiph vi avivevwnkzv ervq ivlv wbwðz Ki Z n j mikv ii ` p ivr bwzk mw` Qv I ch vß A_ vqb `ikvi evb K Kv j wb q GK wkï, qv Zgvjv fv jv KvR K mywbwðz cš vq cyi Z Kiv djvd ji Ici cybivq iæz Av ivc Kivi cvkvcvwk hme m~pk a i m ú` eivï Kiv DwPZ m wel q μgk g ZK ˆZwi n q Q GB m~pk n Q Pvwn`v (RbmsL vi AvKvi, `vwi`ª - Íi I RvZxq ^v i PjwZ cwiw wz) Ges Kv Ri gvb ( ^v welqk djvdj I Znwej Kvh Kifv e e qi mvg_ ) Kv Ri gvb g~j vqb Kiv n e ` ki Í i wbweofv e mgwš^z g~j djvdj I bxwzmz c` ci Ici wfwë K i GB wbweo mgš^q ev ÔKgc v±õ wekwkz n e BD ivwcqvb Kwgkb, wek e vsk, Avwd«Kvb Dbœqb e vsk Ges wøcvw K `vzv `i ˆZwi we` gvb djvdj Kw `ªK wbg vy-kvvv gv K K `ª K i 26 Gme ÔKgc v±õ Dbœqbkxj `k I `vzv `i g a Revew`wnZv, MÖnxZv KZ K m~pk Abyhvqx KvR m úv`b Ges `vzv `i Øviv m e A_ vq bi e e v Kiv - Gm ei wfwë Z cvi úwik HK g Zi wfwë Z M o I V ` ki cwipvjbv e e vi m ½ Dbœqb mnvqzv K mgwš^z Kiv ` ki A_ bwzk cwipvjbv e e vq Znwej QvoKiY I ev Íevq bi web vm mvnv h i Kvh KvwiZvi Î AZ vek Kxq f~wgkv cvjb K i hme ` k Av v I wek v mi cwi ek i q Q (mikvwi Avw_ K e e vcbv I msmön) Ñ h cwi ek K eûcvw K I wøcvw K `vzviv mvwe Kfv e h _ó e j g b K i Ges hv K mikvwi e q I Avw_ K wel q Revew`wnZvi e e vi gva g Z`viwK Ki Z cv i Ñ mme ` k Kvh Ki we Í ZKi Yi A_ LvZIqvwi ev RU mnvqzv AvKv i Avm Z cv i hv RvZxq ev R Ui ^v LvZ AskwU ev Íevqb I Gi m ½ m úwk Z Ab vb Kg Kv Ði Rb ewa Z A_ vqb hvmv e Gme A_ vq bi Kvh KvwiZv Z`viwKi welqwu we` gvb mvaviy I LvZIqvwi UNICEF/HQ05-1876/Donna DeCesare ev RU mnvqzv Z`viwKi m ½ mgwš^z K i `Iqv n e GKB ai bi e e v Aej ^b Kiv h Z cv i mme ` ki Î hlv b LvZ-Ry o c` c Ges Szwo Znwej e e v (basket fund mechanism) we` gvb Gme ` k ez gvb Ab vb g~j vqb c wzi cwic~ik wnmv e GwU e envi Kiv h Z cv i w`b w`b G ai bi GKwU gzvgz vb K i wb Q h ^v Lv Zi m ú` cökí ev Kg m~wpi e` j mme cöwzôv bi ga w` q mieivn Kiv DwPZ hviv me Rbxb ^v mev w` q _v K Gme cöwzôv bi gva g A_ vqbk Z h Kv bv ^v mev Q gv, bervzk I wkïi ^v cwiph v K Acwinvh Ask wnmv e AšÍfy ³ Ki Z n e gv, bervzk I wkïi ^v mev Z ivwš^z Kivi j m ú` eiv Ïi Kvi Y mikvwi e q ÿî we k l Qvo w` Z n Z cv i G ai bi Qvo ^v Lv Zi ev R Ui wfz i `Iqv n Z cv i Avevi RvZxq ev R UI `Iqv h Z cv i G ai bi Qv oi e vcv i mgwómz A_ bwzk cwi e ki cwi cöw Z wm vší biqvi cö qvrb n Z cv i hv ^v mev cö`v bi Î Pvwn`v jv K hw` h _ó hyw³ mnkv i cöwzôv Kiv hvq Z e ewa Z LvZwfwËK e qi my hvm K i w` Z cv i `kxq Í i mikv ii evb ii m ú` msmö ni cö qvrb Av Q hvi Rb emikvwi LvZ, mykxj mgvr-wfwëk ms v, vbxq Rb Mvôx I cwievi K m ú ³ Kiv cö qvrb djvdjwfwëk A_ vqb we Í ZKi Yi bzzb D ` vm jv h g~j Î jv Z mnvqzv w` Q djvdjwfwëk A_ vqb Zvi GKwU we` gvb A_ cöev ni Rb GUv GKUv iæz c~y cwic~ik Ges ^v, cywó I RbmsL v msμvší djvdj AR b ^v e e vi g a h evav jv i q Q Zv `~i Kivi Rb AZ ší m vebvgq c` c AvdMvwb Ívb, Av R w Ubv, K ^vwwqv I iæqvûvq mv cöwzk AwfÁZv ( `Lyb c v bj, c.84, iæqvûvq Kv Ri gvb wfwëk 82 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

^v mev cö`v b Revew`wnZv I kvmb kw³kvjx Kiv mev cö`v bi Î Revew`wnZv ej Z Ggb cöwμqv K fvev h Z cv i hvi gva g vbxq Rb Mvôx I cwievi jv ^v mev cö`vbkvix `i `Iqv mevi ch vßzv I Kvh KvwiZv m ú K Zv `i Kv Q Revew`wnZv PvB Z cv i `wi`ª I cövwšík Rb Mvôx Ges cwiev ii Rb mikv ii Revew`wnZv AR b Kiv h Z cv i Zv `i K mv Pvi niqvi I fvu`v bi AwaKvi w` q bxwzwba vik `i Rb GB Revew`wnZv PvIqv h Z cv i mvgvwrk web v mi ga w` q hlv b mikvi ^v mev, cywó I cwi ekmz ^v mev cö`vbkvix `i K mnvqzv `q, A_ vqb K i I wbqš Y K i vbxq Rb Mvôxi hlb ch vß I Kvh Ki ^v mev `vwe Kivi g Zv gzvqb N U ZLb mikvi Kvb Kvb mev w` Z cöwzköæwze nq Ges mev jvi gvb m ú K cwievi `i K Rvbv bv nq gvz, bervzk I wkïi Rxeb i v I Dbœqb msμvší mkj Kg m~wpi g a RbRxeb I bvmwik wk vq AskMÖn Yi welqwu Mu _ w` j Zv wkïi Rxeb i v I mšív bi ˆkke Dbœqb K MwZkxj Ki Z hme c` c biqv Riæwi m wel q cwiev ii Ávb e w n e jf mev Ges YMZ gv bi mev cviqvi Rb cö qvrbxq wba vik m ú K cwievi I Rb Mvôxi Ávb mikvi I mev cö`vbkvix `i Kv Q Revew`wnZv `vwe Kivi e vcv i Av iv mnvqk nq mikvi I mev cö`vbkvix `i g a mylg mvgvwrk web vm gvz, bervzk I wkïi Rxebi v I ^v wel q Revew`wnZvi Î Kvh Ki nvwzqvi n q DV Z cv i hlb mikvi Gme welq K AvBb cöyqb, ev RU, Kg m~wp I M elyvq AMÖvwaKvi `q Ges mev cö`vbkvix `i Kg Kv Ði Z`viwKi cvkvcvwk AZ vek Kxq mevi Rb Zv `i K h _ó A_ I `q Revew`wnZv K kw³kvjx Ki Z n j G K Aek B wewfbœ mev`vb c wz Abyhvqx web Í K i wb Z n e KwgDwbwU I cvwievwik mevi cöv_wgk Í i Ñ ey Ki `ya LvIqv bv ev bervz Ki cwiph v welqk mevmg~n DØy Kivi Rb Z_ I mvgvwrk mnvqzvi g Zv welq hvi AšÍfy ³ Ñ mev msμvší `ªe Kbv, mevmg~ ni e vcv i Z_ cövwß Ges Dfq K e envi K i wb R `i ^v i DbœwZ NUv bv, GB wel q cwiev ii mvg_ Pvwn`v msμvší Revew`wnZv evov bvi Î K `ªxq f~wgkv iv L vbxq Rb Mvôx I bvmwik mgv Ri msmvb Ges evwywr K cöwzôv bi buiqvk `wi`ª I cövwšík cwiev ii Rb Ggb e e v K i `Iqvi mvg_ cövq mgqb iv L hv w` q Zviv mevi gvb Z`viwK Ki Z cv i I Revew`wnZv `vwe Ki Z cv i `Lyb Z_ cäx, c. 108 A_ vqb) _ K BwZevPK djvdj cviqv M Q Ges iæqvûvi Rb Av iv K Vvi g~j vqb Kivi cwikíbv Kiv n Q djvdjwfwëk A_ vq bi K qkwu myweav i q Q hv wpivpwiz I hvmvbwfwëk A_ vq bi Î bb, G jv n Q: wbw` ó mg qi g a Ges `ªæZ djvdj cviqvi Ici iæz Av ivc mev cö`vb k slj ev PB bi g~j RvqMv jv Z fv jv Kv Ri Rb Drmvng~jK cyi vi cö`vb Kivi e e v A_ vq bi Î iæz c~y duvk jv fiv bvi Rb c` c biqv, A_ vq bi Î wewfbœ m¼u guv Z mikvi K bgbxq A_ vqb Kiv Ges AMÖvwaKvi wba vi Yi my hvm `qv hgb, `wi`ª `i K j K i KvR Kiv djvdjwfwëk A_ vq bi MVbwUB GiKg h GwU GKBm ½ GKwU Z`viwK I g~j vqb nvwzqvi wnmv e KvR K i GwU GKwU cwigvc hvm I j wbw` ó KŠk ji Ici wfwë K i ˆZwi hvi Rb wewfbœ Í i wfwë ilv, j I AMÖMwZ msμvší DcvË `ikvi nq Gi d j djvdjwfwëk cö Póvi Kvi Y mvdj, Afve I ga ezx m¼u m ú K wbqwgz ch v jvpbv Kiv m e nq G Z K i cwikíbv ev Íevq b cö qvrbxq gvbvbmb cwiez b wb q Avmv hvq GQvovI ^v Lv Zi mgm v jvi we Í Z cwigv ci mgvavb hvmvq hv `vwq Z i w`k _ K AvbyôvwbKfv e ^v Lv Zi wbqš Yi evb i hgb iv ÍvNvU Dbœqb, cvwb mieivn I cqtmyweav m ez me P q iæz c~y hv, djvdjwfwëk A_ vqb LÛ LÛ mvnvh K GKm~ Î MÖw_Z Ki Z mvnvh K i Gi d j jb ` bi Rb `k jvi h wekvj LiP nq Zv K g Av m GwU AR b Kiv h Z cv i djvdjwfwëk A_ vq bi e e v Kvh Ki Kivi ga w` q AvKvw Z djvdj c Z ZLb A bk `vzv hymcrfv e A_ vqb Ki Z cv i 27 ^v e e v Dbœq b cwigvck I djvdj wb ` kk cöwzôv ^v msμvší mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j i m ½ mshy³ wb ` kkmg~n ^v e e vi mvd j i h_v_ wekí ev cöwzwbwaz Kvix cwigvck wnmv e KvR Ki Z cv i wkqy wbe vwpz Î djvdjwfwëk A_ vq bi gva g Ges mwvk DØy KiY KvVv gv vbxq Rb Mvôxi m ½ Askx`vwiZ, cwiph vi avivevwnkzv Ges ^v e e vi kw³kvjxkiy 83

cöwzôv K i mikvi K mnvqzv `Iqvi Rb bzzb wkqy D ` vm biqv n Q Gi D Ïk gv, bervzk I wkï ^v I Rxebi vi m ½ AZ ší Nwbôfv e RwoZ mevmg~ ni AvIZv msμvší wba vwiz j wfwëk djvdj AR b Gme j i g a i q Q: ^xk Z ^v K `ª cöm ei AbycvZ; wwc _wiqv, abyókskvi I cviuzwmm wukvi wzbwu WvR cö`v bi AvIZv, ev g v jwiqv Dc`ªæZ GjvKvq KxUbvk K Rviv bv gkvwi wezi Yi AvIZv e w BZ vw` Gme djvdj I j wbw` ó n e GKwU ` ki g Zz I Amȳ Zvi cq b Kvb Kvb KviY KvR K i Zvi Ici wfwë K i g~j djvdj wb ` kk jv K wewfbœfv e mvrv bv h Z cv i Gme cwigvck cöz djvdj cwigvc Ki Z cv i hgb, wukv biqv wkïi msl v; wukv`v bi Rb wbe vwpz GKwU wbw` ó GjvKvq j -Rb Mvôxi KZ kzvsk K wukv `Iqv n q Q; A_ev cöeyzv cwigvc Ki Z cv i hgb, Gw U Rb Øviv wukv `Iqv wkïi msl v KZ e w c q Q ev mg qi m ½ m ½ GB Kg m~wpi AvIZv KZ e o Q GKvwaK ` ki g a Zzjbv I wk vi me cök íi Rb GK Q wb ` kk ˆZwi Kiv h Z cv i G Î `k jv hme wb ` kk w` q Zv `i gv, wkï I bervz Ki Rb cwipvwjz ^v Kg m~wp jvi Z`viwK Kiv nq m jv K AšÍfy ³ Ki Z cv i A_ vq bi Rb D vebg~jk I mvg wfwëk KŠkj wbiƒcy Kiv gvbem ú` Ges ^v e e v kw³kvjx Ki Z ch vß m ú` `ikvi hme `k Gme Kg m~wpi Rb `vzv `i Ici AZ ší ewk wbf ikxj Zviv A_ vqb wbwðz bv niqv ch ší `xn gqvw` cwikíbv Ki Z cv i bv wkš gv, bervzk I wkï ^v wel q `vzv mnvqzvi Ici cwipvwjz M elyvq `Lv M Q we k i 90 kzvsk wkïg Zz N U Ggb 60wU `k hviv G Î AMÖvwaKvi wfwë Z mvnvh cvq iæqvûvq Kv Ri gvbwfwëk A_ vqb iæqvûvi mikvi `vzv `i mnvqzvq m cöwz K qkwu D vewb Kg m~wp nv Z wb q Q Gme Kg m~wpi AvIZvq AZ vek Kxq ^v mev Kbvi Rb kz hy³ Abỳ vb K `ªxq mikvi _ K cšimfv jv Z n ÍvšÍi Kiv n Q Gme ^v Kg m~wp Z wzbwu g~j Dcv`vb i q Q: ^v Lv Z KwgDwbwUi m ½ mn hvmx D ` vm: mivmwi cšimfvi Kv Q m ú` (gv_vwcqy cövq.25 gvwk b Wjvi) n ÍvšÍi Kiv n Q hvi AvIZvq cwievi I vbxq Rb Mvôxi ch v q wewfbœ ^v mev cšuqv bvi Rb Kv Ri gvb wfwëk Pzw³ Z wewfbœ ^v mev cö`vbkvix K m ú ³ Kiv nq Gme msmvb I ms vi g a i q Q KwgDwbwUwfwËK msmvb, emikvwi ms v, ^v DØy KiY ms v, e w³mz wfwë Z ^v mev `vbkvix Ges cövmw½k Ab vb mev cö`vbkvix msmvb Kv Ri gvb msμvší Pzw³wUi bvg ÔBwgwn MvÕ, GwU GKwU HwZn evnx kã hv mviv ` k mikvix mevq Revew`wnZvi mgv_ K n q `uvwo q Q GB Pzw³ cöwz eqi iæqvûvi ivóªcwz I wbr wbr Rjvi c Rjv- gqi `i g a m úvw`z nq G c` ci gva g KZK jv mnr I ^íe q mev `Iqv nq h jv we kl K i iæz `q DbœZ ^v I cwi QbœZv Af vm ˆZwii Ici, Af vme`jv bvi j biqv c` c Ges wkqy cöwz ivag~jk mevi Ici cöwz ivag~jk mevi g a i q Q KxUbvk K Rviv bv gkvwi, LvIqvi m vjvbb, m ú~ik cywó I wbivc` cvwbi e e v 2005 mv j Gai bi mn hvmxg~jk D ` vm K qkwu Rjvq Pvjy Kiv n qwqj Ges 2006 mvj _ K mikvwi Znwej e envi K i cy iv ` k Zv we Í Z Kiv n q Q 2006 mv ji GwcÖj gv m K `ªxq mikvi 30wU cšimfvi m ½ Kv Ri gvb wfwëk Pzw³ m úv`b K i Q Ges KxUbvk K Rviv bv gkvwi weziy K cöavb mvdj -wb ` kk wnmv e wpwýz K i Q ïiæ niqvi ci _ K G Kg m~wpi D jøl hvm mvdj G m Q Ryb 2007-G Kiv GKwU g~j vq b `Lv M Q, 2007 mv j 70 kzvs kii ewk cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx wkï H gkvwi e envi Ki Q, 2004 mv j hv wqj gvî 4 kzvsk g v jwiqvq AvμvšÍ wkïi msl v bvukxqfv e K g G m Q, nvmcvzv ji wkï Iqv W G iv M AvμvšÍ wkï Zgb fwz n Q bv Ges hme Rwi c RbmsL vwfwëk i³ cix v Kiv nq mlv bi g v jwiqvi cöv`yf ve bvukxqfv e K g Avmvi mv wgj Q bxwzwba vikiv GB cwiw wz K Af~Zc~e e j wpwýz K i Qb Ges g v jwiqv K cy ivcywi wbg~ j Kivi KŠkj wba vi Y KvR Ki Qb ^v K `ª: Gi AvIZvq m ú` (2007 mv j gv_vwcqy cövq 1 gvwk b Wjvi ev ^v Lv Z mikvwi eiv Ïi cövq 15 kzvsk) Kv Ri gvb wfwëk Pzw³i gva g cöv_wgk ^v mev K `ª jv Z n ÍvšÍwiZ n q Q Kg m~wpwu cö_ g cix vg~jkfv e Kiv n qwqj 2002 mv j eyzv i I mvqvb bv g `ywu cö ` k G Z mnvqzv w` qwqj emikvwi ms v jv Ges wøcvw K `vzviv Kv Ri gvb wfwëk Pzw³i g a Ggb m~pk AšÍfy ³ Kiv n q Q hv GKw` K ch vß AvIZv ( mevmönxzvi msl v) Ges Ab w` K Kvh Ki AvIZv ( mevi Kvh KvwiZv ev YMZ gvb) m ú K Z_ ` e GKwU g~j vq b `Lv M Q, hme cö ` k Pzw³wU Kiv nqwb Zv `i Zzjbvq hme cö ` k Pzw³wU Kiv n q Q mlv b wukv I cöm ei mgq ` Kgx i Dcw wzmn Ab vb ^v mev e envi D jøl hvm fv e e w c q Q iæqvûv mikvi Gici wm vší bq h Zviv cix vg~jk Kg m~wp jv 84 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

Ges Zviv 2004 mv j AvbyôvwbK Dbœqb mnvqzv (official development assistance - ODA) c q Q gvî 1.4 wewjqb gvwk b Wjvi ev wkïcöwz 3.10 gvwk b Wjvi 28 KŠkjMZ wbg vykvvv gv _ K evsv hvq h ez gvb ch vq Ges 2015 mv j cövq me Rbxb AvIZv AR bi j Ñ G `yõ qi ga Kvi k~b Zv c~iy Kiv m e n e G _ K Av iv evsv hvq h mev cö`vb K we Í Z Kiv hv e bv hz Y ch ší bv gv, bervzk I wkïi Î wewb qv Mi cwigvy cöf~z gvîvq evov bv m e n e 29 gv, bervzk I wkïi Î gvbm úbœ cwiph vi avivevwnkzv me Rbxbfv e wbwðz Kivi welqwu ïaygvî mev mswkøó mieivn e w ev mev cö`vbkvix `i K `Iqvi Rb ch vß A_ msmö ni cökœ bv ^v msμvší mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j jv AR bi Rb A_ vqb KŠkj wba viy Ki Z n e hv iæz ` e bvix I wkïi mev cviqvi c _i cöwzeükzv `~i Kivi Ici Ges ^v mev Kbvi Rb A_ e q Ki Z n e e j mev MÖnxZv `i Ici h Pvc co e Zvi weiæ m ve myi v w` Z Gi KZK jv iæz c~y wbwnzv_ i q Q GB gyn~ Z me Rbxbfv e ^v mevi wd gikzd Kivi WvK `IqvUv AwZmiwjKiY I Aev Íe e j cögvwyz n Z cv i MÖnxZv cö`ë ^v mev wdi welqwu mgvavb Kiv DwPZ ^v LvZ ev RU I RvZxq ev R Ui wbg vy-kvvv gvi we Í Z cuf~wg Z mg qi m ½ m ½ MÖnxZvcÖ`Ë wdi RvqMv wb Z cv i c~e cwi kva Ges Znwej MVb e e v Z e Zv Ki Z n j ïiæ _ KB ^v Lv Z A_ vqb K `xn gqv ` UKmB Kivi Dchy³ KvVv gvmz cybwe b vm wb q Avm Z n e 4. RvZxq ivr bwzk `vqe Zv AR b gvbm úbœ cöv_wgk ^v mev Ges _ K biqv wk v K Kv R jvwm q Ab vb cö ` ki GB Kg m~wp we Ívi Ki e 2005 mv j h `yb cö `k Kg m~wpwui cix vg~jk ev Íevqb K iwqj mlv b ev RU eivï Kiv nq c ii eqi Kg m~wpwu K `k Ry o we Í Z Kiv nq Ges cy ivcywi RvZxq ev R Ui AvIZvq wb q Avmv nq Ges GwU mev cö`vb, djvdj I g~j cwi kva K mivmwi mshy³ K i Q ^v K `ª jvi Kv Ri gvb Z`viwKi Rb cö Z K cö ` k GKwU K i w qvwis ev PvwjKv KwgwU MVb Kiv n q Q Giv KvRwU K i Q YMZ gvb bgybvqb (lot quality sampling) Ges Z wß Rwic KŠkj (satisfaction survey techniques) e envi K i GB wbi c g~j vqb cö Z K K `ª Kg m~wp cwipvjbvi Rb h A_ cvq Zv K mivmwi cöfvwez K i Z e K `ª _ K h djvdj cviqv M Q Zv AZ ší Drmvne ÄK Ñ wukv`vb Kg m~wp 95 kzvsk AvIZv c~iy Ki Z c i Q, mev e env ii evwl K nvi 2004 mv j hlv b wqj gv_vwcqy 0.4 mv vr, 2007 mv j G m Zv gv_vwcqy 0.7 mv v Z `uvwo q Q Ges ` Kgx i mnvqzvq cöme 2000 mv j 29 kzvs ki Zzjbvq 2006 mv j 52 kzvs k G m `uvwo q Q Rb ^v i Ici Gme Kg Kv Ði mvgwmök djvdj wepv ii KvR Pj Q ˆ`efv e wbqwš Z m vebvgq cš vq (randomized controlled prospective design) GwU Kiv n Q ^v wel q z`ª-exgv Kvh μg: wgdpz qj&m n Q GK ai bi z`ª-exgv Kvh μg hv MZ `k K mdjfv e cwipvwjz n q Q Gi gva g vbxq Rb Mvôxi KvQ _ K msm nxz A_ ^v K `ª _ K `Iqv cöv_wgk ^v mevmg~ ni Rb Ges ivmx `i K cö qvrb Abyhvqx idvivj ev vbvšíi hvm nvmvcvzv j biqvi Kv R e q Kiv nq Gi j m`m `i Rb ^v mevi e q ^v Q `RbKfv e Kwg q Avbv hv Z Zv `i K wbr c KU _ K LiP Ki Z bv nq ^v K `ª, Rjv nvmcvzvj I mvaviy Rb Mvôxi g a ga Zv i vq wgdpz qj&m-gi f~wgkv iæz c~y g~j vq b `Lv M Q Gi kvmbkvvv gvi g a vbxq Rb Mvôxi AskMÖnY hz ewk _v K ZZB Gi Kvh KvwiZv ev o ZvQvovI Kvh KvwiZv ev o hlb exgvi me Sz uwk ^v K `ªi Ici b Í K i mlv b gv_vwcqy wfwë Z g~j cwi kva Kiv nq cökvmwbk, e e vcbvmz mnvqzv Ges cöwk Y I mwvk nvwzqvi ˆZwimn KvwiMwi mvg_ m wói Ici cöv_wgkfv e iæz Av ivc Kiv n qwqj wkš 2006 mvj _ K iæqvûv mikvi me vwak `wi`ª `i exgv wkw Í cwi kv ai Rb Znwej n ÍvšÍi K i Q (gv_vwcqy 0.15 gvwk b Wjvi) Gme `wi`ª gvbyl K wpwýz Kiv n q Q Dey a bv gi Askx`viZ g~jk `vwi`ª g~j vqb cöwμqvq iæqvûvq wbqwgzfv e wgdpz qj&m we Ív i KvR Kiv n q Q hvi d j 2003 mv j Gi AvIZv hlv b wqj gvu Rb Mvôxi gvî 7 kzvsk 2007 mv j G m Zv cövq 70 kzvs k `uvwo q Q ivóªcwz I Rjv- gqi `i g a m úvw`z Kv Ri gvb wfwëk Pzw³ Z `wi`ª Rb Mvôx K wgdpz qj&m-gi AvIZvq wb q Avmv GKwU cöavb wb ` kk GQvov mikvi AvbyôvwbK Lv Z Kg iz `i UvKvq ˆZwi cybtexgvi Rb cšimfv Znwej I RvZxq Znwej ˆZwii Kv RI nvz w` q Q `Lyb Z_ cäx, c.108 vbxq Rb Mvôxi m ½ Askx`vwiZ, cwiph vi avivevwnkzv Ges ^v e e vi kw³kvjxkiy 85

A_ vq bi w`k _ K myi v wbwðz Ki Z n j h cwigvy m ú` `ikvi Zv Z K i GB Lv Z Kg KvÐ we Ívi Kivq welqwu hzuv KŠkjMZ P v jä wvk ZZUvB ivr bwzk P v jä gv, bervzk I wkïi ^v msμvší Dbœqb NUv bvi Rb `ikvi `xn gqvw` cöwzköæwz hv Z K i A bk bxwzwba vik `i ivr bwzk Rxeb mgvß n ji Zv envj _vk Z cv i eªvwrj, kªxjskv I _vbj vûmn Av iv wkqy `k G wel q `viæy djvdj c q Q eû eqi a i Zv `i ^v mevi AvIZv I cywó mev m cömvwiz K i ivlvi ga w` q mv cöwzk `kk jv Z `w Y Av gwikvq Dchy cwi A_ bwzk m¼u, cövwzôvwbk Ach vßzv I we Í Z Av_ -mvgvwrk ˆelg m Ë I ^v mevi AvIZv m cömvi Y D jøl hvm mvdj AR b K i Q GLv b DwjøwLZ me jv `kb K qkwu wbw` ó ch v qi ga w` q M Q: wfwë wnmv e ckv`vi ^v Kgx evwnbx M o Zvjv n q Q vbxq Rb Mvôx wfwëk, cöv_wgk I idvivj ev we klvwqz mevi Rb ivmx Ab Î vbvší ii c wz wfwëk dvkvm eªvwrj: KwgDwbwUwfwËK GKwU RvZxq ^v mev buiqvk wbg vy cwi cöw Z I P v jä: KvD UWvDb ev YMYbv2015 KZ K wbe vwpz 60wU ` ki GKwU eªvwrj hv `i K mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j AR b wkïi Rxeb i vi welqwu K AMÖvwaKvi wnmv e wb Z n q Q (KvD UWvDb 2015 m ú K Rvb Z `Lyb Aa vq 1 c.16) Gme ` k Kgc 50,000 wkï gviv hvq A_ vr cöwz 1000wU RxweZ R b 90wU ev ZviI ewk wkï cuvp eqi niqvi Av MB gviv hvq 2006 mv j 74,000 wkï Zv `i câg Rb w` bi c~ e B g Zz eiy K i GwU BDwb m di mv cöwzkzg cökvwkz wnmve eªvwrj hw`i cuvp eq ii Kg eqmx wkïi g Zz nvi Kgv bvi Î D jøl hvm AMÖMwZ AR b Ki Z c i Q wkš wkïi g Zz nv ii Î mlv b fš MvwjK I RvwZMZ ˆelg úófv eb we` gvb 2002 mv ji DcvË Abyhvqx `kwui DËi-c~e vâ j gvu wkï g Zz nvi `w Y, `w Y-cwðg I ga -cwðg cö `k jvi Zzjbvq wø Y wqj DËic~e vâ ji Avjv Mvm cö ` k cwiw wz me P q Lvivc wqj hlv b, 2002 mv j bervzk g Zz nvi wqj cöwz 1000 RxweZ R b 58wU; hlv b GKB eq ii bervzk g Zz nv ii RvZxq Mo wqj cöwz 1000 RxweZ R b 28wU wkïi g Zz -Sz uwki Î RvwZMZ, ey I z`ª RvwZmËvMZ ˆelg I Lye úó Avw`evmx ev Avwd«Kvb es kv ~Z gv q `i mšívb `i g Zz -SzuwK BD ivcxq es kv ~Z gv q `i P q A bk ewk myzivs eªvwr ji ez gvb P v jä mvwe K wkï g Zz nvi n«v mi PjwZ cöeyzv K a i ivlv Ges AvÂwjK I RvwZMZ cwiw wz we epbv K i ^v mev cö`vb Rvi`vi Kiv c wz I Kvh μg: 1980i `k Ki cö_g w` K eªvwr ji kni jv Z cvbju cökí biqvi ci BDwb m di mnvqzvq KwgDwbwU ^v Kgx `i GKwU buiqvk ˆZwi Kiv nq GB buiqvk cövmövgv m` ` d vwgwjqv (cvwievwik ^v Kg m~wp) bv g mymsnz cöv_wgk ^v mev D ` v Mi GKwU Ask cö Z K vbxq ^v Kgx GjvKvq emevmkvix cwiev i wm q Zv `i K ^v, cwi QbœZv I wkï cwiph v wel q mv úªwzk Z_ cö`vb K ib Ges Qq eq ii wb P wkïi e w I ^v I Mf ezx bvixi Ae v cix v K i ` Lb GQvov KwgDwbwU ^v Kgx iv GjvKvi evwm `v `i K cö qvrb Abyhvqx ^v K `ª idvi ev vbší ii civgk w` q _v Kb Ges cvwievwik ^v mev `j K vbxq Rb Mvôxi ^v cwiw wz Ges Avmbœ m¼u m ú K AewnZ K ib cvwievwik ^v mev `jwu mvaviyz GKRb Wv³vi, GKRb bvm, GKRb bvm UKwbwkqvb, GKRb mvgvwrk mnkvix I GKRb `uv Zi Wv³vi wb q ˆZwi nq cvwievwik ^v Kg m~wpi AvIZvq hme Wv³vi I mwekv `wi`ª I MÖvgxY GjvKvq KvR K ib Zuviv Zzjbvg~jK ewk ezb c q _v Kb cö Z K `j cövq 1000 cwiev ii `vwq Z _v K Gme `j K hš_fv e A_ vqb Kiv nq cöv `wkk, RvZxq I cšimfv ch vq _ K cövmövgv m` ` d vwgwjqv Kg m~wp Z vbxq ^v Kgx `i Ab Zg KvR wkïi Dbœqb I myi v wel q gvbyl K wk v`vb BDwb md ^v Kgx `i K cvwievwik Z_ wku w` q Q hvi g a ey Ki `ya LvIqv bv Ges gv I wkïi Rb ^v Ki Rxeb wbwðz Ki Z cwiev ii me m`m `i f~wgkv wel q mwpî wd cpvu i q Q mgmö eªvwrj Ry o cövq 11 KvwU gvbyl K ^v mev w` Q 2,22,280 R bii ewk KwgDwbwU ^v Kgx GwU GLb c w_exi me P q eo ^v welqk buiqvk buiqvk wu K RvZxq e e vi g a mgwš^z Kiv n q Q Ges mgmö eªvwr j Kg m~wpwu A_ vqb I ev Íevq bi `vwq Z Av Q `kwui cöv `wkk, RvZxq I cši KZ c Kg m~wpi c~y ev Íevq bi Av M G K gvvch v q cix vg~jkfv e Pvjv j ^v mevq Av iv AwaKZi mnvqk nq e j `Lv M Q buiqv K i cöwz ivr bwzk cöwzköæwz Gi ` g gvbzv Av iv e w K i Q KwgDwbwU ^v Kgx `i f~wgkvi iƒc ilv úófv e cöyqb Kiv n q Q hvi g a 86 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

buiqvk M o Zvjv n q Q hlv b mevmönxzviv mn RB cö ekvwavki cvq cwiph vi gvb evov bvi ga w` q AMÖmiZv wbwðz Kiv n q Q Ges Gi m ½ m ½ emev mi cvwicvwk K Ae v I bvixi cwiw wzi Dbœqb NUv bv n q Q mvgvwrk wbivcëv Rvj we Í Z Kiv K AMÖvwaKv i cwiyz Kiv n q Q hvi gva g ^v, cywó I wk vq b vqm½z AwaKvi wbwðz Kiv n q Q Gi d j ^v I cywó mev MÖn Yi AvIZv K we Í Z Kiv m e n q Q g~j mevmg~n cviqvi Î evav jv K n«vm Kiv n q Q Ges wkï `i Rb cöv_wgk I gva wgk wk vi hvmvb `Iqv n q Q `w Y Av gwikvi h `wi`ªzg `k jv Z A_ bwzk m¼u, cövwzôvwbk A` Zv I we Í Z Av_ -mvgvwrk ˆelg weivr Ki Q GgbwK mme ` ki gvbm úbœ mvaviy ^v mev cviqvi Î iæz c~y AMÖMwZ n q Q ` ki gvwjkvbv I mikvwi Lv Z bz Z `vb `viæyfv e mev Z ivwš^z Ki Z cv i huv evievib `Lv bv n q Q, wpî: 4.3 eªvwrj: cvwievwik Avq I gv qi RvwZMZ cwipq f ` Ges wbe vwpz AÂjmg~ ni ci ú ii g a Ges GKB A ji g a B weivu ˆelg, 2002 bervz wkïi g Zz nvi (cöwz 1000 RxweZ R b ) 2000 cvwievwik Av qi wfwë Z ˆelg 20 kzvsk m QjZg M n 15.8 20 kzvsk `wi`ªzg M n 34.9 gv qi RvwZMZ cwipq f ` ˆelg k Z 22.9 Avwd«Kvb es kv ~wz 38 BwÛqvb 94 AÂj/wbe vwpz cö `k 30.2 2002 AÂj/wbe vwpz cö `k ga -cwðg 20.4 cöv `wkk Rjv 17.5 DËi-c~e vâj 41.4 Avjv Mvqvm 57.7 DËi 27.7 `w Y-c~e vâj 20.2 mvi cvi jv 17.4 `w Y 17.9 wii ww Rwb iv `v mj 15.4 RvZxq Mo 28.4 Drm: RvwZmsN wkï Znwej, ÔeªvwR ji wkï cwiw wz 2006 : eu P _vkv I Dbœq bi AwaKviÕ, BDwb md, eªvwmwjqv, 2005, c. 10-11 vbxq ^v mev ` ji Ask wnmv e Zuv `i c`gh v`vq welqwui i q Q idvivj I Z`viwKi μgweb vmi úó: ^v mev `j ^v Kgx `i mvnvh K i Avi Zviv gvvch vq vbxq Rb Mvôxi g a mev cšu Q `b KwgDwbwU ^v Kgx iv vbxq Rb Mvôxi K `ªxq As k cwiyz nb, Avevi RvZxq, cöv `wkk I cši mikv ii g a buiqvk K msnz K i biqvi ga w` q Gi wu K _vkv wbwðz nq Ges RvZxq ^v e e vi bzzb bzzb GjvKvq Gi we Ívi NUv bv m e nq djvdj: vbxq ^v Kgx Kg m~wp 1990 mvj _ K mviv ` k bervz wkïi g Zz nvi n«vm Kivi Î f~wgkv i L Q mikvi mv cöwzk eqi jv Z DËi-c~e vâj Ges cövwšík z`ª RvwZmËv jvi Ici g bv hvm w` q Q ZvQvov wkï I gv qi ^v cwiph vi Î GKwU k³ AvÂwjK ` wófw½ MÖnY K i Q cövmövgv ` m`-gi gva g hme mevmönykvix Avw_ K mnvqzv cvb Zuv `i cövq A a K DËi-c~e vâ j evm K ib `Lyb Z_ cäx, c. 108 vbxq Rb Mvôxi m ½ Askx`vwiZ, cwiph vi avivevwnkzv Ges ^v e e vi kw³kvjxkiy 87

mikvi hlb bz Z `q Ges mdj cix vg~jk I QvU QvU cökí K m cömvwiz Kivi Î cöwzköæwze _v K ZLb Gme D ` vm `ªæZ mviv ` k Qwo q co Z cv i eªvwr ji vbxq ^v Kgx Kg m~wp ( `Lyb c v bj, c.86) Ges evjmv d vwgwjqv Bwbwk qwuf, gw Kvi cöv MÖmv kxl K ^v, cywó I wk v Kg m~wp Ges m iv ccyjvi ww mvjỳ bv g ^v exgv Kvh μg, B `v bwkqvi vbxq ^v Kgx Ges wgk ii LvIqvi m vjvbb Kvh μgmn Av iv eû D`vniY Av Q hv ` L evsv hvq h mikvi hlb ^v I mvgvwrk Kj vy Kvh μ g ^í ev RU eivï K i ZLbI Gme Kvh μg ^v mevi Kvh KvwiZv I we Í wz eûj cwigv Y evwo q `q gvwjkvbv e vcviwu ïay A_ vqb bq, Zv cwi vi GRb cö qvrbxq KvwiMwi I cökvmwbk mvg_ ˆZwi Ki Z mikvi K cöwzköæwze _vk Z n e ^v mev m cömviy myôzfv e mgš^q I ZË veavb Ki Z n j K `ªxq, cöv `wkk I Rjv ch v q ^v cökvm bi cö Z K Íi K `ikvwi mn hvwmzv w` Z n e UKmB niqvi welqwu mgvav n Z n e RvZxq Í i Ges msm`mn cy iv ivr bwzk e e v KZ K Kg m~wp jv K cy ivcywi ^xk wz w` Z n e hv Z K i ivr bwzk μvwšíkvj I cu-cwiez bi Kvi Y Giv wzmö Í bv nq vbxq Rb Mvôxi ^v wfwëk GKwU buiqvk M o Zvjvi e vcv i mikvi cö qvrbxq mvg_ hvmvb ` e GwU Kiv m e n j Zvi djvdj n e AZ ší Zvrch c~y D`vniY wnmv e Px bi K_v ejv hvq Pxbv mikvi m ` k RvZxq Av qvww bi Afve `~ixkiy Kg m~wpi eûcvw K cöwzôv bi Rb GK Î KvR Kivi bzzb c_ 19 k RyjvB 2007, wbd Bq K AvUwU AvšÍR vwzk ms vi bz e ` GK AbvbyôvwbK mfvq GKwÎZ n jb, D Ïk Dbœqbkxj ` k ^v Î Av iv fvj djvdj AR bi Dcvq Av jvpbv K qkrb bzvi mv cöwzk wb qvm K cu ywr K i GB mfvi D Ïk wqj mv cöwzk eqi jv Z niqv AMÖMwZ ch v jvpbv, PjwZ cöeyzvi we køly Ges we k i ^v wel q fwel r P v jä m ú K Av jvpbv Ges we` gvb my hv Mi cwi cöw Z hš_ D ` vm wel q HK g Z Avmv ek K qkwu g~j cöwzköæwzi mycvwik Kiv nq hvi g a i q Q: ^v m úwk Z mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j AR bi Avï KZ e m ú K GKwU ˆewk K hš_ `vq eva RvwM q Zvjv AskMÖnYKvixiv GKgZ n q Qb h hw`i wkqy wkqy ` k gv, bervzk I wkïi ^v wel q Ges wkqy wkqy m~p Ki wel q D jøl hvm AMÖMwZ n q Q Zey ^v m úwk Z mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j jv AR bi Rb AvšÍR vwzk Mvôxi RvZxq mikv ii m ½ hš_fv e Rvi`vi cö Póv MÖnY Kiv DwPZ mfvq h AvUwU ms v cöwzwbwaz Ki Q G cöwμqv Rvi`vi Ki Z Zv `i iæz c~y f~wgkv Av Q Dbœqbkxj `k jv hv Z Gme j AR b Ki Z cv i mrb Zv `i K cö qvrbxq mnvqzv cö`vb Ges Zv `i wb R `i ms vi cö Z K Í i Kg KvÐ Z ivwš^z Kivi e vcv i `vwqz wb Qb GB g g mfvq AskMÖnYKvixiv GKgZ nb KvR: wek ^v bz e ` Zuv `i wb R `i cöwzôv b `vwqz eva RvMv bvi e vcv i f~wgkv ivl eb e j Ges ev RU I gvbem ú` msμvší wm v šíi Î mg_ b ` eb e j GKgZ n q Qb KvR m úv` bi Î cöwzôv bi PjwZ Kg c wzi ms vi ^v msμvší mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j AR bi Rb cvi úwik mn hvwmzv I `je KvR Rvi`vi Ki Z n e h h wel qi Ici iæz `Iqv n q Q Zv n jv: cö Z K ms vi g~j `vwqz jv cwi vi Kiv; DuPz gvbm úbœ Pvwn`vwfwËK KvwiMwi mn hvwmzv cö`v b mgwš^z AvšÍtms v c` c; Avi hš_fv e mgw_ Z Ges cöej I ` p Z`viwK I g~j vqb e e vi ev Íevqb Gme c` c ˆewk K, AvÂwjK I `kxq Í i weivwrz KvVv gv I Kg m~wpi Ici wfwë K i wekwkz n Z n e KvR m úv` bi GB bzzb cvi úwik mn hvwmzvg~jk c wz hv Z Zv `i cöwzôv bi cöwzdwjz nq mrb cö Z K ms v Zv `i Kgx evwnbx, cöwk Y Kg m~wp I DØy KiY KvVv gvi g~j vqb Ki Z GKgZ n q Q; Zviv Av iv GKgZ n q Q h bzzb ` Zv jv Dbœqb Ki Z n e we kl K i `kxq Í i cvi úwik Revew`wnZvi Rb KvVv gv ˆZwi n j Zv f~wgkv, `vwqz I D Ïk m ú K úózi aviyv w` Z mnvqk n e Ges cöwzköæwz cvj b AMÖMwZ Z`viwKi GKwU e e v wnmv e KvR Ki e KvR: wek ^v bz e ` Av iv fv jv djvdj `ªæZ cviqvi j Zuv `i wbr ^ Ges hš_ `vwqz Av iv fvjfv e wbiƒc Yi Rb GKm ½ KvR Kivi wel q GKgZ n q Qb Ávb e e vcbv I klvi Rb Av iv wbqgvbym I cöejzi c` c M o Zvjv ˆewk K ^v Lv Z bzzb bzzb wewb qv Mi cwi cöw Z ^v Kg m~wp jv _ K jä Ávb I wk v AR b Kivi my hvm ˆZwi n q Q ` ki Í i ^v Lv Zi Av iv wbqgvbym gvbwpî ˆZwii e vcv i AskMÖnYKvixiv Rvi w` q Qb hvi g a emikvwi Lv Zi f~wgkvi AšÍfy ³ n q Q KvR: wek ^v bz e ` ^v Kg m~wp _ K Avmv Ávb c wzmzfv e msmö ni Rb Dchy³ Dcvq müvb Kivi e vcv i Ges mvaviyfv e Ávb e e vcbvi e vcv i ` pzi I mymgwš^z c wz ˆZwii e vcv i GKgZ 88 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

gva g GK `yiæn P v jä gvkv ejvq b g Q Kg m~wpwui gva g mviv ` k evwywr Kfv e Av qvwwbhy³ jey mieiv ni e e v biqv n q Q Ges Gi me Rbxb we Ív i g bv hvm `Iqv n q Q m mg q Av qvww bi Afv e fvmv wkïi msl v we k i g a me P q ewk wqj Px b D jøl h, c w_ex Z eyw RoZvi cöwz iva hvm KviY jvi g a Av qvww bi Afve Ab Zg cöavb mviv Rxe bi Rb gvî GK Pv-PvgP Av qvwwb biqvi gva g Av qvww bi AfveRwbZ ivm jv K AvUKv bv h Z cv i G Î g~j P v jä wqj Av qvwwbhy³ jey LvIqvi AZ vek KxqZv m ú K Rbm PZbZv m wó, we kl K i jey Drcv`bKvix GjvKv jv Z, hlvbkvi Awaevmxiv cqmv w` q Av qvwwbhy³ jey wk b LvIqvi e vcv i ewk we ivwazv K iwqj cöv `wkk kvmbkz v `i ivr bwzk mg_ bcyó n q Av qvwwbhy³ jey wewa cö qv M K Vvi Z`viwK I cö qvm e e v Abym Z nq Gi m ½ m ½ biqv nq `k Ry o cöpviyvi e e v Ñ ev m cv vi, cwîkvq m úv`kxq, Uwjwfk b Z_ wpî BZ vw`i gva g fv³v `i K G wel q m PZb Kiv nq I Av qvwwbhy³ je Yi Pvwn`v m wó Kiv nq Gi d j 1995 mv j Px b Av qvwwbhy³ jey hlv b 51 kzvsk M n cšuqvz, mlv b 2005 mv j G m Zv 90 kzvs k cšuqvq 30 UKmB cwiph vi avivevwnkzv m wói Rb AbyK j ivr bwzk cwi ek ˆZwi Ki Z n j wbqk KŠkjMZ hyw³i evb ii Av iv wkqy `ikvi Gi Rb cöavb ivrbxwzwe` `i g a mw` Qv I `vq eva RvMv bvi Î mxgve Zv I my hvm Dfq m ^ Ü h _ó aviyv _vk Z n e cwiph vi avivevwnkzv Zuv `i AbyK j n q Qb me k l `jwu Zv `i cöwzôvb hlb ^v Lv Zi g vwcs ev gvbwpî ˆZwi Ki e Ges g~j vqb Ki e ZLb GKv Ri Rb hš_fv e m ú` hvmv bvi e vcv i GKgZ n q Q ^v Lv Z AvMÖ ni cybr vmi Yi d j m ó iæz c~y my hvm K ^xk wz`vb ^v e e v kw³kvjx Kivi Rb M nxz bzzb K qkwu ˆewk K D ` v M ^v msμvší mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j AR b h cöwzköæwz e ³ n q Q AskMÖnYKvixiv Zv K ^vmz Rvwb q Qb G mg_ b AskMÖnYKvix ms v jvi AMÖvwaKv ii m ½ mvhyr c~y Ôdjvd ji Rb e e võ RvZxq GKwU c` c biqvi e vcv i ` p HKgZ ˆZwi n q Q hvi d j ^v e e v kw³kvjx Kivi cöwμqvi g~j vqb n e ^v welqk djvd ji wecix Z Gi mev `Iqvi mvg _ i Ici GQvov `jwu Revew`wnZvi Pvwn`v Ges `k jvi wb R `i Dbœqb wb RivB cwipvjbv Kivi AvKv v, G `yõ qi g a mzz eü bi Î RvwZmsN ms v jvi ga ZvKvixi f~wgkv cvjb Kiv DwPZ e j gz w` q Q ^v Kg Kv Ði cwiw wz I gvb wepv ii gvb`û wba viy Kivi Avï cö qvr bi cöwzi Rvi `Iqv n q Q cwi k l, we k ^v wb q KvR Kivi Askx`v ii msl v w`b w`bb evovi cwi cöw Z AZ ší cöfvekvjx GKwU ^v LvZ welqk KŠkj K K `ª K i `k ch v q Gme Kg KvÐ K myweb Í Kivi cö qvr bi Ici iæz Av ivc K i Q G m ú K we k i ^v bz e ` GBPAvBwf- GBWm wel q Kg m~wpi AwfÁZv Av jvpbv K i Qb hv _ K wk v biqv h Z cv i KvR: we k i ^v bz e ` μgk D V Avmv wewfbœ ˆewk K D ` vm K mgwš^z Dcv q ev Íevq bi wel q GKgZ n q Qb G D Ï k h, Zuv `i ms v jv hv Z `k jv K A_ Ges/A_ev KvwiMwi ev bxwzgvjvmz mnvqzv Kvh Kifv e w` Z cv i GQvov, wek ^v ms v I wek e vsk ^v e e vi Kg Kv Ði g~j vq b gvb`ð wba vi Yi KvR Av iv MwZkxj Kivi cöwzköæwz w` q Q mvdj AR b mykxj mgvr I emikvwi Lv Zi iæz c~y f~wgkv ^xkvi Kiv ^v mev cšuqv bvi Î, ^v mev Lv Z A_ vqb Kiv Ges bzzb cöhyw³ evrv i wb q Avmvi e vcv i emikvwi Lv Zi K qkwu f~wgkv i q Q D veb AMÖMwZ AR bi cöwμqvq MwZ mâvi K i D veb n Z cv i cöhyw³mz A_ve bzzb Kv bv Kg m~wp-g Wj hgb z`ª D ` vm Ges Kv Ri gv bi wfwë Z A_ vqb Dbœqbkxj `k jv Z ^v mev `Iqvi `xn BwZnvm Av Q emikvwi ms v jvi Ges gvv-ch vq AwfÁZv klvi Î Zviv Ab Zg cöavb Drm n Z cv i ^v welqk mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j jv AR b Ki Z n j Dbœqbkxj `k jvi cö qvrbxq mnvqzvi g a GKwU n e mev cö`vb e e v K mikvwi I emikvwi LvZ Ry o msnz Kivi cöwμqv K kw³kvjx Kiv Ges emikvwi Lv Zi m ú w³ I wewb qv Mi my hvm m wó Kiv KvR: we k i ^v welqk bz e ` mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j AR bi ZrciZv hlb μgk ˆewk K, AvÂwjK I ` ki Í i Qwo q co Q ZLb emikvwi LvZ I mykxj mgvr K Av iv wbqgvbymfv e m ú ³ Kivi cöwzköæwz e ³ K i Qb GB mfvq hme cöwzköæwz `Iqv n q Q Zv AR bi cöwμqv Z`viwK Kivi e vcv i GLv b Dcw Z `jwu GKgZ n q Q `Lyb Z_ cäx, c.108 vbxq Rb Mvôxi m ½ Askx`vwiZ, cwiph vi avivevwnkzv Ges ^v e e vi kw³kvjxkiy 89

gvbevwakvi, KwgDwbwUwfwËK ^v mev I wkïi Rxeb i v cj dvigvi I wrg Bqs wkg nvbwzi MÖvgv j AvaywbK ^v mev _ K ewâz jvl jvl gvbyl K mb mev `Iqvi Kzwo eq ii AwfÁZv _ K ivm I `vwi `ª i KlvNv Z RR wiz Kv bv GjvKvq ^v mev Kg m~wp K mdj Ki Z n j Kx Kx cö qvrb Zv GLb Avgiv Rvwb msμvgk e vwai wpwkrmv `Iqvi cvkvcvwk KwgDwbwU ^v Kgx `i K Aek B cöwk Y w` Z n e hv Z Zviv cöv_wgk ^v mev cö`vb Ki Z cv ib Zv `i K msmwvzi Ki Z n e hv Z Zviv bvix I wkïi ^v i vq DØy n Z cv ib Ges Amȳ Zv cöwz iva I gvbm úbœ ^v cwiph vq f~wgkv ivl Z cv ib j mv _v, gvjvdwq I iæqvûv Z Avgv `i Kg KvÐ m cömvi Yi ga w` q Avgiv `LwQ nvbwz Z wkï Ges cövßeq `i ^v Dbœq bi Kv R Avgiv hv wk LwQjvg Zv mve Rbxb I mviv c w_exi ÎB Kg ewk cö hvr cvu bvim Bb nj_ hlb Kv bv GjvKvq KvR K i ZLb Avgv `i g~j j B _v K hv `i Rb Avgiv mev cö`vb KiwQ, hv `i AwaKvskB AZ ší `wi`ª Zv `i ^v I Rxe bi Dbœq bi Rb Ôhv wkqy `ikvi meb Ki Z n eõ cö Z K GjvKv ZB Avgiv R bwq, ^v Î mgm v Rxe bi Ab vb gšwjk cö qvrb h_v ch vß cywó, cwi vi cvwb, cqtmyweav, evm vb I cöv_wgk wk vi _ K wew Qbœ bq Avgiv Av iv wk LwQ, G Î GbwRI jv wew Qbœfv e KvR Ki Z cv i bv Rb ^v i Dbœqb NUv Z Zv `i K Awbevh fv eb h Rb Mvôxi Rb Zviv KvR Ki Q Zv `i m ½ GK hv M KvR Ki Z nq, KvR Ki Z nq KwgDwbwU ^v KZ c i m ½I hv Z K i fwel r cörb eys Z cv i h Gme mev Zv `i Rb `qv bq eis Zv `i AwaKv ii Ask ^v Dbœq b AwaKviwfwËK, KwgDwbwUwfwËK c` c wkï ^v m ú K ^ Q ` wófw½ M o Zzj Z mvnvh K i nvbwz, j mv _v, gvjvdwq I iæqvûv Z cvu bvim di nj_ vbxq KwgDwbwU Ges wk bub dvd Ûkb, ^v gš Yvjq, BDwb md I d«v mvquv- Rwfqvi e vmb` m Uvi di nj_ GÛ wndg vb ivbum mn GK Q mn hvmx ms vi m ½ wgwjzfv e mymsnz KwgDwbwU wfwëk wkïi Rxebi v Kg m~wpi Rb cuvpwu g~j welq K wpwýz K i Q cö_gz, wkïi Rxebi vi nvi evov bvi Rb AZ vek Kxq Kg m~wpi cömvi NUv Z Avgiv Rb ^v KZ c i m ½ KvR Kwi Gme Kg m~wpi g a i q Q wukv`vb Kg m~wpi cömvi, wfuvwgb-g weziy, Wvqwiqv mviv Z LvIqvi m vjvbb I Wvqwiqv VKv Z wbivc` cvwb e envi, gv- _ K-wkï Z GBPAvBwfi msμgy iv a wbweo c` c, gkvwi e env ii gva g g v jwiqv cöwz iva I Gi m ½ KwgDwbwUwfwËK wk wbkvj cwiph v, Acywó Z fvmv ev Gi Sz uwk Z _vkv wkï `i Rb cywó mieivn, Ges ^v K `ªwfwËK D Pgv bi ivmx cwiph v I Amȳ n q cov wkï `i Rb G ^y jý e e v ez gv b Avgiv iæqvûv mikvimn Ab vb mn hvmxi m ½ KvR KiwQ gv- _ K-wkïi ` n GBPAvBwf msμgy cöwz ivamn wkïi Rxebi vk í g~j mev mgš^ q ˆZwi GKwU Q Kx K i mikv ii kw³kvjx K i Zvjv cjøx ^v cwiph v g W ji AvIZvq AwZ `ªæZ vcb Kiv hvq Zv `Lv Z Avgiv KvR KiwQ hme ^v mev cö`vbkvix MÖvgxY Rjv jv Z wkïi Rxebi v msμvší Kg Kv Ði m ½ RwoZ Av Qb Zviv GKwU buiqv K i gva g wb R `i D veb I djvdj Rvwb q w` Qb G Z K i Zv `i mevi gvb DbœZ n Q, cöwzwbqzb Zviv Av M mev cšuqvqwb Ggb GjvKvq mev wb q hv Qb Ges μgk Av iv ewk msl K gv I wkïi Kv Q DbœZZi mev cšu Q w` Qb GKv R Zuv `i K mn hvwmzv Ki Q Ôwkï I GBPAvBwf/GBWm wel q AvšÍR vwzk hš_ wk v D ` vmõ kxl K ^v mevcö`vbkvix, bxwzwba vik I cwûz mgš^ q cwipvwjz GKwU AvšÍtLvZ I AvšÍtwelqK cökí wøzxqz, gv qi ^v I Kj vy h nzz wkïi Rxebi vi GKwU iæz c~y wb ` kk ZvB Avgiv gv I wkï ^v wel q mgwš^z D ` vm wb q KvR Kwi wkï K K `ª K i Avgv `i KvR bvix ^v Kg m~wp, eq mv izv DØy KiY I mvaviyfv e `vwi`ª `~ixkiy Kg m~wpi Ask wnmv e cwipvwjz cwievi cwikíbv Kg m~wp, Mf Kvjxb hzœ Ges hv e Ggb wkqy kz h c~iy K i m wel q ivrbxwzwe` `i K evsv bvi `ikvi n Z cv i, hgb: GwU Zzjbvg~jK Kg mg qi g a ` k gvb I Ô MvYvÕ hvq Ggb djvdj wb q Av m e nëi cwim i Gi LiP enb hvm I e qmvkªqx we` gvb KZ Z KvVv gvi g a B G K Lvc LvIqv bv hv e Ges Gi cq b ckv`vi `j I bxwz-cöfvk `i mg_ b i q Q DwjøwLZ ivr bwzk we epbv cwiph vi avivevwnkzv wbwðz Ki Z hviv KvR Ki Qb Zv `i wkqy wkqy KŠkjMZ wbe vp bi Î mxgve Zv ˆZwi Ki e wkš cö qvrbxq ivr bwzk kz m wó Ki Z bv cvi j Zviv h KŠkj jv Kvh Ki Ki Z Pvb Zvi mvdj AwbwðZB 90 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

AvaywbK cöme msμvší cwiph vi ga w` q gv I cwiev ii Ab vb m`m `i R b cwipvwjz Kg Kv Ði m ½ m úwk Z Z ZxqZ, Avgiv wkïi GBWm msμgy cöwz iva I wbqš Y Kg m~wp ïiæ K iwqjvg Avmbœ GKwU cöpviyv Kg m~wpi Ask wnmv e Ges Ic i ewy Z iƒc ilv AbymiY K i Avgiv wk bub dvd Ûkb Ges iæqvûvi ^v Kg KZ v I ^v mev cö`vbkvix `i m ½ hš_fv e wkï `i GBWm gvkv ejvq iæqvûvq GKwU eo ai bi D ` vm wb Z hvw Q D ` vmwui AvIZvq wkï `i GBWm msμvší mev `Iqvi Rb iæqvûvq GKwU DrK ó gv bi K `ª vwcz n e vbxq Rb Mvôx wfwëk mev Q Ges cjøx A j cöv_wgk I gva wgk z j cwipvwjz GBWm cöwz iva Kg m~wp Z GBPAvBwf AvμvšÍ wkï `i Rb gvbm úbœ mev mshy³ Kiv n e PZz_ Z, MÖvgv j wkï `i K h ^v mev `Iqv nq Zvi gv bvbœq b Avgv `i K M elyv I cöwk Y Kg m~wp MÖnY Ki Z n e G ai bi M elyvi j n e: gv _ K wkï Z GBPAvBwf msμgy cöwz iv a biqv mdj Kg m~wp jvi ˆewkó wbix v; bervzk `i g a GBPAvBwf msμgy kbv³kiy I e e vcbv; wkï h²v kbv³kiy I cwiph v; GBWm I h²vi g Zv wkïi jvmvzvi I `xn vqx Amȳ Zv msμvší cwiph vi gv bvbœq b KwgDwbwU ^v Kgx i f~wgkv Ges g v jwiqv I Wvqwiqvi g Zv mvaviy AmyL cöwz iva, kbv³kiy I M nwfwëk wpwkrmv cö`vb; Ges mviv we k i wkïi ^v I Kj v Yi Rb Lv` wbivcëvnxbzv I wbi izv `~ixki Y biqv D ` vmmn wewfbœ mvgvwrk Kg m~wpi cöfve ch v jvpbv câgz, Avgiv Gme D ` vm m cömvi Yi KvR K i _vwk gšwjk gvbevwakvi we kl K i wkïi mvgvwrk I A_ bwzk AwaKvi i vq M nxz D ` v Mi m ½ hymcrfv e mvgvwrk I A_ bwzk AwaKvi cöwzôvq ^v Kg m~wp Z mn hvmxe ` (wcigmbavi) kxl K Kg m~wpwu ev Íeg~Lx cökí I m PZbZv Kg m~wpi ga w` q `vwi`ª `~ixki Yi GKwU g Wj Zz j a i g WjwU Z Avgiv h Rb Mvôxi Rb KvR Kwi Zvi g a `wi`ªzg wkï I Zv `i cwiev ii m ½ mv vr Kiv I KvR Kivi Dcvq wnmv e ^v mev cö`vb K e envi Kiv nq wcigmbavi wk v, K wl, evm vb Ges weï cvwb welqk cökí K mnvqzv `q hv Z K i cöwzwu wkï I cöwzwu cwiev ii R b gšwjk mvgvwrk I A_ bwzk AwaKvi wbwðz Ki Z cv i Avgiv hw` Rvwb h cöwz eqi c w_ex Z jvl jvl wkï g Zz eiy K i zav I Acywói Kvi Y Zvn j ivmcöwz iv ai Rb AZ vek Kxq Ilya, wukv I cwiph v wnmv e Zv `i K Lvevi wbwðz Kiv P v j Äi GKUv Ask n e mz GB h, Avgiv GUv Rvwb GKBfv e M elyvq hw` `Lv hvq h wk v GBPAvBwf msμg Yi Sz uwk Kgvq Ñ Ges GUvB mwz Ñ m Î Avgv `i K GBPAvBwf I `vwi`ª RvZ Ab vb iv Mi m ½ jovb Kivi GKwU kw³kvjx I e qmvkªqx cš v wnmv e z j wkï `i AskMÖnY evov Z wewb qvm K Avgv `i Kv Ri Ab vb cš vi m ½ hvm Ki Z n e Avgiv GLb Rvwb KwgDwbwUwfwËK, mymsnz c wz Qvov wkï `i wpwkrmv Kiv m e bq, djzt gv, evev I fvb evb `ii wpwkrmv `Iqv m e bq ^v gš Yvjq, AvšÍR vwzk ms v Ges Ab vb AjvfRbK cöwzôv bi m ½ KvR K i Avgiv wkï g Zz I iv Mi Rvqvi n«vm Ki Z e cwiki nvbwz Ges GLb mviv c w_exi AwfÁZv _ K Avgiv Rvwb h, ^v Dbœqb I `vwi`ª `~ixki Y KwgDwbwUwfwËK mev Ñ cö qvrb Abyhvqx hv DrK ó wk wbkvj m ú `i m ½ RwoZ Ñ we k AvR D PZg gv bi cwiph v w` Z m g Ges Zv wkïi Rxeb i vq gšwjk c` c W. cj dvigvi I W. wrg Bqs wkg cvu bvim Bb nj_-gi hš_ cöwzôvzv GwU GKwU AvšÍR vwzk ^v I mvgvwrk b vqwepvi welqk cöwzôvb GwU nvbwz, j mv _v, gvjvdwq, ciæ, iæk dwv ikb, iæqvûv I gvwk b hy³iv óª KvR Ki Q cj dvigvi nvf vw wek we` vj q gww Kj Gb _ªvcjwRi cömwj Aa vck wzwb e b weªmn vg I DB gbm nmwcuv j wpwkrmk wnmv ei KvR Ki Qb wrg Bqs nvf vw gww Kj z j mvk vj gwwwmb wefv Mi Pqvig vb, weªmn vg GÛ DB gbm nmwcuv j mvk vj gwwwmb GÛ nj_ BbBKz qvwjwur wefv Mi cöavb, d«v mvquv- Rwfqvi evmb` m Uvi di nj_ GÛ wndg vb ivbum -Gi cwipvjk Ges wek ^v ms vi GBPAvBwf/GBWm wefv Mi cöv³b cwipvjk _ K hv e ^v e e v I cywó mev kw³kvjx Kivi Rb cö qvrbxq cövwzôvwbk, gvbe I Avw_ K m ú` hvmv bvi Î ivr bwzk I mgwómz A_ bwzk w wzkxjzv Ges Kvh Ki ev RU Acwinvh kz mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j AR bi msmöv g RwoZ eû `k, we kl K i Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv AÂj, cö qvrbxq ivr bwzk I A_ bwzk w wzkxjzv _ K ewâz GiKg Ae vq mgv Ri me ai bi Kvh Ki bz Z K GKÎ Ki Z n e, GwU n Z cv i RvZxq Í ii bz Z hlv b we Í Z LvZIqvwi wm vší jv biqv n q _v K ev n Z cv i vbxq ch v q (cöv `wkk ev Rjv) hlv b vbxq gvby li m ½ hvmv hvm Zwi n q _v K gv, bervzk I wkï ^v cwiph vq Kx ai bi KŠkjMZ I cwi cöw ZMZ Ávb `ikvi nq m wel q we Í Z Rvbv _vk ji ivr bwzk mw` Qv K djvdj Kw `ªK vbxq Rb Mvôxi m ½ Askx`vwiZ, cwiph vi avivevwnkzv Ges ^v e e vi kw³kvjxkiy 91

^v mev cö`v b Kxfv e Kvh Ki I `xn gqvw` Kiv hvq m wel q Rvbv Av Q Lye Kg GwU we kl K i mz hlv b ^v mev cö`v bi mvg_ Kg AvšÍR vwzk gnj Rv b Kx K i Kvh μg wvk Ki Z nq Ñ Zviv Rv b mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j Kxfv e mnmªv ãi NvlYv _ K D ~Z n qwqj Ges Kxfv e Zv mnmªv ãi ïiæi eqi jv Z gvbe Dbœq bi cwigvc K cöfvwez K i Q wkš j i wvk gvswe `y Z `uvwo q `Lv hv Q j I Kv Ri g a GLbI ek k~y Zv i q M Q mdj we Í ZKi Yi Rb `ikvi kw³kvjx bz Z I mg_ b ivmwbqš Y AMÖvwaKvi cökí we k i cö_g mvwii ^v we klá `i bz Z cwipvwjz ivm wbqš Yi Î AMÖvwaKvi wepv ii GKwU cökí ^v mev we Í ZKi Yi Ici GB cökí KZ K cwipvwjz GK mgx vq cviqv me P q KŠZzn jvïxck Avwe vi jvi GKwU n Q ^v Kg m~wp wekvk I we Ív ii Rb Riæwi ivr bwzk mw` Qv I cöwzköæwz Zwi I wuwk q ivlvi Î RvZxq mg_ K `i iæz c~y f~wgkv GB mg_ Kiv ïay h ^v welqk D ` v Mi e vcv i mg_ b `b ZvB bv, Zuviv g~j Askx`vi `i K GKÎ K ib, wewfbœ Kg Kv Ði g a mgš^q K ib Ges cwimi e w i Rb cö qvrbxq kz m wó K ib bz Z wewfbœfv e Avm Z cv i GUv Avm Z cv i Kv bv e w³i KvQ _ K, hgb dr j nvmvb Av e`, eª v Ki cöwzôvzv Zuvi ms vi vbxq Rb Mvôx wfwëk ^v Kg m~wp evsjv ` k jvl jvl gvbyl K AZ vek Kxq ^v mev w` q _v K bz Z Avm Z cv i mikv ii D PZg Íi _ K hgbuv N U Q gw Kvi Î `kwui cöv MÖmv Kg m~wpwu mg_ b c qwqj ivóªcwz Av b Ív Rw` jv w` wji bi KvQ _ K hv Zuvi DËim~ix ivóªcwz wf mší d I dwj c K vj Wib Ae vnz i L Qb AvšÍR vwzk gnj _ KI bz Z Avm Z cv i hgb, wukv`v bi m cömvwiz Kg m~wp, wkïi Rxeb i vi wecøe I Mvwe ev GOBI (e w Z`viwK, LvIqvi m vjvbb _ivwc, ey Ki `ya LvIqv bv I wukv`vb), MZ Qq `kk a i wewfbœ iv Mi Rb ˆewk K Askx`vwi Z i wfwë Z GKvwaK D ` vm Ges me mv cöwzk ˆkkeKvjxb Amȳ Zvi mgwš^z e e vcbv (AvBGgwmAvB) I wkïi Rxebi vq Z ivwš^z Dbœqb kxl K D ` vm we Í ZKiY I cwimi e w i cö Póvi ch v jvpbv I mv _ K h welqwu ewi q Av m Zv n Q mg_ b AR b mgq I `vq eva `ikvi nq Kg m~wp K μgk we Í Z Ki Z eû eqi e vcx mgq I m ú `i `xn gqvw` wewb qvm Ki Z nq G Î cöavb D`vniY, cjøx ^v buiqvk MV b kªxjskvi 50 eqi e vcx cökí Ges m ú~ik Abycywó cö`vb wel q bcv ji `xn gqvw` Kg KvÐ 31 RvZxq cöwzköæwz K GKwU AvBbMZ KvVv gvi AvIZvq wb q Avm j we kl K i Kg m~wpi cöv_wgk mg_ Kiv hlb Avi ivr bwzk gzvq _vk eb bv ZLbI cwiph vi avivevwnkzv we Ív ii KvR Ae vnz ivlv m e n e G ai bi KvVv gv ivr bwzk cöwzköæwz K m ú` msmön I ev RU welqk c` c cwiyz Ki Z mnvqzv K i GB `xn gqvw` ivr bwzk Kvh μg cwipvjbvi Rb mikvi, mykxj mgv Ri msmvb I Dbœqb ms vmg~ ni g a Askx`vwi Z i cö qvrb nq G Z K i ivr bwzk MwZkxjZv ervq ivlv m e nq, cwiez bi weiæ cöwz iva Rq Kiv hvq Ges m ú` msmön Kiv hvq ZvQvov e e vwu K wvk c _ cwipvjbv Kivi Rb Revew`wnZvg~jK e e v I fvimvg i vi c wzi `ikvi nq 5. ˆewk K ^v wel q AwaKZi Askx`vwiZ Ges Kg m~wp MZ `kk Ry o ^v Lv Z mvnv h i vcz web vm Av iv RwUj AvKvi aviy K i Q we kl K i weivu gv ci ˆewk K ^v Askx`vwiZ mg~n (global health partnerships - GHP) M o IVvi cwi cöw Z wrgbpwc-i Kvb msávwu e eüz n Q Zvi Ici wbf i K i ejv hvq 100-wUiI ewk G RvZxq Kg m~wp Av Q 32 ˆewPÎ c~y Gme Kg m~wpi Kv bvwu m PZbZv wb q KvR K i, Kv bvwu KvR K i ev Íevqb wb q, Ges cök wz, we Ívi I Kv Ri my hvm G `i G KKwUi Î G KKiKg Gme wrgbpwc Kg m~wpi AwaKvsk msμvgk iv Mi Ic i g~j iæz w` q _v K we kl K i GBWm, h²v I g v jwiqv wkqy wrgbpwc Avevi Av jvkcvz K i cywó msμvší Kg Kv Ði Ici hgb wkï R b i ïiæ _ K ïaygvî ey Ki `ya LvIqv bv Ges m ú~ik wfuvwgb-g cö`vb A_ev DbœZ cvwb I cqtmyweav mv cöwzk eqi jv Z mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j -1 AR bi Rb cwipvwjz Kg Kv Ði Ici iæz `Iqv n q Q Gi j 2015 mv ji g a zav I `vwi`ª `~i Kiv Ggb me Kg m~wpi ga w` q hvi g a i q Q wkï K zavgy³ Kiv I Acywó `~ixkiy D ` vm, DbœZ cywói Rb ˆewk K ˆgÎx, Abycywó D ` vm Ges ch vß Mg ev gq`v Kg m~wp wrgbpwc A bk n ji G `i g a gvî K qkwu iæz c~y cöfve ivl Z m g n q Q, Gi g a Av Q Mvwf ˆgÎx (GAVI Alliance) Ges GBWm, h²v I g v jwiqv cöwz iv a wek Znwej ^v wel q ˆewk K Askx`vwiZ g~jk D ` vm jv ^v msμvší g~j ûgwk jvi weiæ jovb qi Rb bzzb m ú` Av nvi Y mg_ n q Q Ges 92 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

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mvims c mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j jv avivevwnk KvíbxK wbkvbv bq mviv we k i bz ch v qi ivrbxwzwe`, Dbœqb we klá, A_ bxwzwe` Ges weávbx `i mw wjz Mfxi fvebv Ges K Vvi wnmvewbkv ki dmj G jv gvbe AMÖÖMwZ K Z ivwš^z Ki Z we k i gnëg cöz vkv G gyn~ Z GB j jvi ga w` qb cökvwkz n Q Gme j AwR Z n j we k i j - KvwU wkï, cyiæl I bvix zavi MÖvm _ K gyw³ cv e, wbivc` cvwb I gšwjk m vwb Ukb myweav e envi Ki Z cvi e, wk vi my hvm cv e Ges Ab `i Rb hme A_ bwzk myweav I ivr bwzk my hvm i q Q ZvivI m jv fvm Ki Z cvi e hw`i wkqy wkqy AÂj I `k G Î GLbI wcwq q Av Q Zey wba vwiz mg qi g a mekwu j B AR b Kiv m e hw` mb ivr bwzk mw` Qv _v K Ges hlv b `ikvi mlv b cö qvrbxq m ú` e envi I KŠkj cö qvm Kiv hvq ivr bwzk mw` Qv wk AR b Kiv m e? KvVv gv, KŠkj, Kg KvÐ Ges m ú` mgwš^z K i wba vwiz mg q I cwic~y fv e mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j (GgwWwR) AR b HK e fv e Suvc `Iqv Av `Š m e wk? ms c Gi DËi Ônü võ Ñ Z e Zv GKgvÎ ZLbB m e hlb mikvi, `vzv, mykxj mgvr Ges Ab vb ^v m úwk Z GgwWwR AR b Ki Z n j `ikvi HK e cöqvm I Askx`vwiZ hv gv, bervzk I wkï iÿv I ^v cwiph vq mnvqk evsjv ` ki GKwU wukv K `ª wkïiv mvwie n q A cÿv Ki Q Askx`vi wkï i v I ^v msμvší Ab vb GgwWwR AR b HK e n e ˆbivk ev` Avi Kz u owg S o djv Avi AZx Zi fvov cöwzköæwz V j mwi q ivlvb me P q eo P v jä kl ch ší Kv bv D ` vm ev Kv bv cyi vib GKwU wkïi Rxeb i vi PvB Z ewk g~j evb n Z cv i bv

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^xkvi K i biqv n q Q h, GB avivevwnkzv K a i ivl Z n j `ikvi wk v, gzvqb, Ávb I g qwkïi Rb ˆK kvikvjxb cörbb ^v mev hv Zviv cwic~y bvix Z cwiyz niqvi cii Ae vnz _vk e g qwkïi ˆK kvikvjxb cörbb ^v mevi iæz GB h, eû bvix G mg qb gv n q _v K Ñ 2005 mv ji wnmve Abyhvqx we k i cövq 13 kzvsk wkï 15 _ K 19 eqi eqmx gv qi M f Rb MÖnY K i Q 3 Kvh Ki n Z n j ^v cwiph vi GB avivevwnkzv K Aek B M n, mgvr Ges ^v mev K GKm~ Î ` pfv e Muv_ Z n e GB ^v mevi g a i q Q gvbm úbœ gvv ch v qi mev Ges cöv_wgk ^v mev K `ª hv Avevi Rjv ch v qi Kv bv nvmcvzv ji m ½ wbweofv e m úk hy³ Gme ms hvm vwcz niqvi d j cövqb ewk mev cviqv m e nq Gi Av iv GKUv A_ `uvovq Ñ ^v mevi evb i c o _vkv bvix I wkïi msl v μgk n«vm cviqv M n Ges mgvr n Q mb RvqMv hlv b wkïi cwiph v Kiv nq Ges cwiph v Kxfv e Ki Z nq ZvI gvbyl GLvb _ KB k L Ges GRb cö qvrbxq mn hvwmzv cvq wkï cwiph vi cö_g cvv A bk mgqb Av m Mf ve vq ^v K `ª hviqvi ga w` q cövwzôvwbk ^v mev e e vi m ½ GKRb gwnjvi cö_g cwipq A bk mgq Gfv eb N U Mf Kvjxb cwiph v iæz c~y KviY GKRb bvix Gi ga w` qb m ve Su ywki e vcvi jv wpwýz Ki Z cv ib I Zvi d j wbivc` Mf avi Yi cwikíbv Ki Z m g nb KvQvKvwQ ^v K `ª bv _vk j gvvch v qi ev Rjv ^v K `ª jvi gva g m cömvwiz ^v mev cšuqv bv Acwinvh mvaviyz Gme ^v mevi g a cömec~e, cömeciezx Ges wkï cwiph vi mgš^q NUv bv nq vbxq Rb Mvôx I Zv `i cwiev ii ^v cwiph vi m Ÿ v P ch vq n Q Rjv nvmcvzvj G jv Z wkïr b i mgq h Kv bv RwUjZv gvkv ejv Kivi g Zv h _ó msl K ^v Kgx Ges e e v _vk ZB n e cöv_wgk ^v mev ch v q my hvm-myweav I Kgx _vk Z n e hv Z K i RwUjZv bb Ggb cöm ei Î cö qvrbxq mnvqzv `Iqv hvq, cömekvjxb mvaviy Riæwi cwiw wz gvkv ejv Kiv m e nq Ges m ` vrvz wkïi Ávb div bvmn Ab vb Zvr wyk h Zœi e e v Kiv hvq wzbwu ch v qi cö Z KwU Z gvbm úbœ cwiph v cö`vb Ges G `i g a ` p ms hvm vcb Ñ GUvB mgq I vb wbwe k l ^v cwiph vi avivevwnkzv a i ivlvi PvweKvwV 4 ^v e e v Ges vbxq Rb Mvôxi m ½ mn hvmx m úk kw³kvjx Kivi gva g AZ vek Kxq mev e w eû `wi`ªzg ` k ^v e e v f½yi I LwÛZ ` Kgx i wb`viæy m¼u _ K ïiæ K i A_, hš cvwz I cö qvrbxq mieiv ni Afve Ges Z_ hvmv bv I Zv e env i A gzv Ñ me ai bi mgm vq Giv RR wiz ga Ges `xn gqv ` mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j i ^v msμvší j jv AR b Ki Z n j RvZxq ^v e e v K wbwðzfv eb kw³kvjx Ki Z n e GKwU ` ki `ym g AÂj jv Z ^v mev e w Ki Z Ges ^v e e v K kw³kvjx K i Zzj Z cöv_wgk ^v mev Lv Z vbxq Rb Mvôxi m ½ mn hvmx Kg KvÐ Kvh Ki f~wgkv ivl Z cv i vbxq ch v q gvby li RxebPμ Ry o cwikwíz ^v mev Kvh Kifv e `Iqv h m e gvvch v qi A bk jv AwfÁZv _ K GB cöwz e` b Zv `Lv wm q Q ZvQvov e w³ hv Z Zvi wb Ri I cwiev ii ^v i vi `vwqz A bkuv wb RB wb Z cv i m e vcv i Zvi gzvqb NUv j Dbœq bi Î Zvi mymfxi I `xn gqvw` cöfve co eb wb R `i Rxe b cwiez b Avbvi Rb hme Z_ `ikvi Zv vbxq Rb Mvôxi Kv Q cšuqv bvi cöwμqvq evowz MwZ Avb Z cv i MYgva g gvby li Kv Q ^v msμvší gšwjk evz v cšu Q w` Z cv i Kg Li P GQvov mykxj mgvrwfwëk hme ms vi RbAskMÖnYg~jK Kg KvÐ Kivi we kl ` Zv i q Q Zv `i K wkïi Rxeb i v I ^v cwiph vi Kv R m ú ³ Kiv h Z cv i, Z e GRb Zv `i K mwvk wb ` kbv hvmv Z n e Ges fvjfv e Z`viwK Ki Z n e ^v wel q vbxq Rb Mvôx K msmwvz Kivi KvR ïaygvî AwZm cömvwiz ^v gš Yvjq KB wb Z n e Zv bq cök Zc, vbxq mikvi cöwzôvb I bvix Dbœqb gš Yvjq G Î iæz c~y f~wgkv cvjb Ki Z cv i wewfbœ bvix msmvb I ` ki mykxj mgv Ri bz vbxq e w³em K ïiæ _ K GKv R m ú ³ Ki j ZuvivI iæz c~y f~wgkv wb Z cv ib wkïi Rxeb i vi PjwZ Kg m~wp jv Z hw`i KvwiMwi RwUjZvnxb cöhyw³ K iæz `Iqv nq Zey `ym g GjvKvq ^v mev cšuqv bvi Î AZ vaywbk cöhyw³ AcÖZ vwkz dj e q Avb Z cv i D`vniY: g v jwiqv kbv³ Kiv, GBPAvBwf kbv³kiy cix v Ges cvwbi Yv Y cix vi Rb D vwez mnr c wz ïaygvî wfwëg~jk cöwk Y wb q GKRb ^v Kgx me P q mvaviy gv bi ^v K `ª e m Gme cix v Ki Z cvi eb ˆRecÖhyw³ cö qv M Av iv wbivc` wikw ^b v U f vkwmb D vwez n q Q Ges Ggb UxKv D ve bi M elyv Pj Q hv wd«r ivlvi cö qvrb n e bv Avi hv nq Zv B ÄKkb AvKv i bv w` q wkï i vi mw wjz cöqvm 97

UNICEF/HQ06-2402/Susan Markisz wkïi Rxeb I ^v i vi KvR GwM q wb Z n j ^v e e v Dbœq b mgwš^z ` wófw½ cö qv Mi f~wgkv K `ªxq GB cwieviwu ÔUªv qv di jv wf`võ (Rxe bi Rb Îqx) Kg m~wp Z AskMÖnY Ki Q Rb wbeüb, gv qi `ya cvb Ges ivm cöwz iv a wukv hvi j, f bry qjv KejgvÎ Z K jvwm q, bv K cö K i ev Ab Kv bv mnr c wz Z cö qvm Kiv hv e Dfq D ve bi g a B wukv`vb Kg m~wpi we Ív i ixwzg Zv wecøe NUv bvi m vebv wbwnz i q Q 5 wkïi Rxeb i v I ^v cwiph vi Î Z_ cöhyw³i cö qvm GLb ch ší cöv_wgk ch v q mxgve _vk ji Dbœqbkxj `k jv Z G e vcv i Av iv f~wgkv ivlvi my hvm i q Q gvevbj dvb, B gbj I B Uvi b Ui μgea gvb e env ii A_ cöz ší GjvKvq Gi gva g GLbB B- ^v I Uwj gwwwmb K cšu Q `Iqv hvq Ges G `i Av iv we Í Z cö qvm NUv bvi my hvm i q Q ZvQvov, ^v Kgx iv GLb mn RB cöv_wgk ^v mev K `ªi m ½, Ges `ikvi n j nvmcvzv ji wewfbœ wefvm ev idvivj K `ªi m ½I hvmv hvm Ki Z cv ib 6 mv i wfwë evov bv GKwU mgm v mwvkfv e evsvi g a B i q Q Gi A a K mgvavb we k i wkï cwiw wz m ú K eo aviyv jv úó Kiv m e n ji wbw` ó wkqy wkqy welq auvqv U _ K hvq wbf i hvm cwimsl v bi Afv e wkqy wkqy ` k bxwzwba vikiv AMÖvwaKvi w i Ki Z, wewfbœ Kg m~wpi Kvh KvwiZv cwigvc I Z`viwK Ki Z wm q mgm vq c ob GgbwK Kv bv Kv bv ` k g~j wbeüb e e v hvi gva g Rxeb I g Zz mn Rxe bi g~j g~j ch vq m ú K Z_ wjwce _v K, KLbI Zv cviqvb hvq bv, Avi hw` ev cviqv hvq `Lv hvq Zv ` ki AvswkK GjvKvi Ici Kiv n q Q we kl K i Rb wbeüb wkï AwaKvi i v Ges GKwU ` ki RbmsL v cwiw wz wel q Z_ hvmv bvi Î LyeB iæz c~y f~wgkv iv L ( `Lyb Aa vq 1, c. 22) ^v Lv Z Kvh Ki dj c Z n j vbxq Rb Mvôxi m ½ mn hvmxi m úk, cwiph vi avivevwnkzv Ges ^v e e v jv Z Dbœq bi MwZ evov Z n e Avi Zv Ki Z n j we k i wkïi ^v, cywó, cvwb, cqte e v I cwi QbœZv, GBPAvBwf-GBWm cwiw wz 98 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

m ú K wbly uz Z_ I cwiw wz we køly Rvbv Acwinvh Dbœqbkxj `k jv Z GK Q mg Dr mi gva g DcvË cökvk, djvdj wepvi I KŠkjMZ cwikíbvi wfwë hvmv bv n Q hvi g a i q Q: wewfbœ M n Rwic hgb, eû m~pk Q Rwic (GgAvBwmGm); cwimsl vb ch v jvpbv hgb BDwb md cökvwkz wkï `i Rb AMÖMwZ (cö MÖm di wpj Wªb) kxl K avivevwnk cöwz e`b; ` j vb mu avivevwnk hv Z wkï, bervzk Ges gv qi Rxeb i v I ^v m ú K Z_ i q Q; mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j i AMÖMwZ ch v jvpbv K i RvwZmsN Dbœqb Kg m~wp (BDGbwWwc), wek e vsk I wek ^v ms v mn wewfbœ ms v wewfbœ cöwz e`b ei K i _v K Gme D ` vm gvz, bervzk I wkï `i Rb bvbv mev cö`vb I Zvi djvdj m úwk Z g~j g~j DcvË I Z_ msmön, we køly I cöpv i Dbœqbkxj we ki wewfbœ ` k cwipvwjz RvZxq D ` v Mi cvkvcvwk m ú~ik D ` vm wnmv e KvR K i GgwWwR I wek ^v Dbœq b bzzb bzzb D ` v Mi d j Revew`wnZvi Pvwn`v e o M Q Avi m Kvi YB GKwU kw³kvjx mv i wfwë ˆZwi Kiv Riæwi n q c o Q hw`i KvR Kivi g Zv Z_ GLb h _ói P qi ewk i q Q Zey GK_v mwz h m ve Kvh Ki c` ci Ici Av iv wbweo M elyv I g~j vqb, fv jv cö_v jvi c wzmz Abykxjb Ges bzzb bzzb Z_ Av iv ewk cöpvi Kivi cö qvrb i qb M Q gv, bervzk I wkïi Rb m ú` mieivn e w GK_v GLb A b KB ^xkvi K ib h, mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j jv AR bi Rb `wi`ªzg `k jv K wb R `i m ú` hgb e envi Ki Z n e Zgwb abx `k jv _ KI h _ó mn hvwmzvi `ikvi n e mnmªvã cök íi wnmve Abyhvqx 2006 mv j GgwWwRi Rb gvu cövwzôvwbk Dbœqb mnvqzv (IwWG - Official Development Assistance - ODA) wqj 135 wewjqb gvwk b Wjvi wkš 2006 mv j cök Z IwWG cviqv M Q gvu 104 wewjqb gvwk b Wjvi 7 (wpî 5.1 `Lyb) PjwZ cöeyzv _ K g b nq 2015 mvj bvmv` IwWG e o 200 wewjqb gvwk b Wjv i `uvov e wnmvek Z GB A¼ `vzv `k jvi ~j RvZxq Drcv`b ev wrgbwc-i (Gross National Product - GNP) cövq 0.5 kzvsk Ñ h_vμ g 2006 mv j 0.44 kzvsk Ges 2015 mv j 0.54 kzvsk Gi m ½ evowz LiP hlb hvm Kiv nq ZLb KvQvKvwQ j n q `uvovq `vzv `k jvi wrgbwc-i 0.7 kzvsk GB evowz LiP aiv nq eo eo AeKvVv gvmz cökí Lv Z hv Rjevqy cwiez b Ges m NvZ ciezx cybm V bi g Zv cwiw wz Z nv Z biqv nq A_P A _ i GB cwigvy m ú~y mvg _ i g a `vzv `k jv BwZg a B GB cwigvb A_ w` Z cöwzköæwze AvR _ K 35 eq iii ewk Av M g~j wk ívbœz RvwZ jv Zv `i wrgbwc-i kzkiv 0.7 kzvsk IwWG wnmv e `Iqvi wpî: 5.1 Dbœqbkxj `k jv Z evqvbk Z A_ cöevn *IBwmwW Dbœqb mn hvwmzv KwgwUi m`m `i Øviv hvmv bv cövwzôvwbk Dbœqb mn hvwmzv m ú K cö hvr **AvbygwbK wnmve Drm: wek e vsk, wek Dbœqb A_ vqb 2007: Dbœqbkxj ` k evwywr K A_ vq bi wek vqb ( Møvevj W fjvc g U dvbbvý 2007: ` MøvevjvB Rkb Ad Ki cv iu dvbbvý Bb W fjvwcs Kvw UªR), IqvwksUb ww.wm., 2007, c ôv 37, 55 wkï i vi mw wjz cöqvm 99

cöwzköæwz w` qwqj 8 2002 mv j gb Uwi me m wzkiy m j b me `k 0.7 kzvsk j i e vcv i Zv `i cöwzköæwz cybe ³ K i Avgv `i KvR Kgb n Q? gb Uwi Z 2006 mv ji IwWG-i e vcv i h j w i Kiv n qwqj IBwmwW Dbœqb mnvqzv KwgwUi 22 m` m i g a 16wU Zv c~iy Ki Z c i Q cöwzköæwz c~i Y evwk QqwU `k K Aek B DrmvwnZ Ki Z n e 9 GgwWwR AR b m Pó `k jvi G KKwUi Pvwn`v Aek B G KKiKg GgwWwR-i ^v welqk j jv AR bi Rb me P q wbf i hvm h Z_ -DcvË-we køly cviqv hv Q Zvi wfwë Z BDwb md ez gv b GKwU `kwfwëk bxwz wbe vpb ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki Q hv mswkøó mikvi jv Ges gv I wkï ^v i Î Zv `i mn hvmxiv we epbv K i `L e Avw_ K mnvqzvi Î duvk jv wpwýz K i Zv c~iy Kivi e vcv ii GwU `k jv K mvnvh Ki Q Avwd«Kvi Dc-mvnviv AÂj hlv b QvU QvU wkïiv Pig Lvivc Ae vq i q Q 2006 mv j mlv b BDwb md, wek Rb ^v wel q wm v šíi Rb DcvË msmön I Z`viwK Kg KvÐ kw³kvjxkiy Òe vcviuv GB bq h, `wi`ª niqvi Kvi Y Gme ` ki ^v wel q Z_ msmö ni KvR fvjfv e Kivi mvg_ bb, eis e vcviuv GB h, `wi`ª niqvi Kvi YB Zv `i c ^v wel q mwvk Z_ e wz i K _vkv m e bq Ó - nj_ gwuª buiqvk, wek ^v ms v Rb ^v wel q wm vší MÖnY, Rbm PZbZvg~jK bxwzgvjv, Rb ^v Kg m~wp, ev RU I g~j vqb Ges mikv ii wb Ri Kv Q I bvmwike `i Kv Q Revew`wnZv wbwðz Kivi Î mwvk Z _ i iæz wvk G Kev i K `ª Z e eû Dbœqbkxj ` k ^v Z_ Lv Z h _ó A_ wewb qvm bv niqv Z DcvË msmön, cöpvi I we køl Yi Kv R eo eo duvk ˆZwi n q Q μgea gvb ^v msμvší mgm vi cwi cöw Z Ges mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j i ^v m úwk Z j jv c~i Yi kl mgq μ gb GwM q Avmv Z G m ú K mwvk Z_ Pvwn`v hvmv bvi KvRwU Awbevh n q D V Q 1990-Gi `k Ki gvsvgvws mg qi Av M ^v msμvší Z _ gvivz K duvk _vkvi d j wewfbœ Rb ^v Bmÿ Z wm vší MÖn Yi Rb h mwvk I Kvh Ki we køly `ikvi Zv fxlyfv e e vnz n Zv D`vniY wnmv e ejv hvq, ` ki wkï `i g a Acywói nvi evo Q bv Kg Q Ñ wkï ^v I Kj v Yi GB gšwjk wb ` kk m ú K m mg q gvî 38wU Dbœqbkxj ` ki Kv Q Z_ wqj BDwb md 1995 mv j eû m~pk Q Rwic (evsjv `k cömwzi c _ bv g cökvwkz - Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey - MICS) ïiæ K i hvi D Ïk wqj GKw` K Dcv Ëi iæzi duvk jv K c~iy Kiv Ges Ab w` K 1990 wek wkï m j b M nxz j c~i Y mnvqzv Kiv GgAvBwmGm K Ggbfv e mvrv bv n q Q hv Z GwU GKwU we Í Z cwim i Z_ hvmv Z cv i hvi g a i q Q wkï ^v I cywó, wkï myi v, wk v, GBPAvBwf-GBWm Ges gvz ^v 1995 mvj _ K cövq 100 `k I A j cövq 200 GgAvBwmGm cwipvwjz n q Q 2005-2006-Gi PjwZ Rwic we k i 50wUiI ewk ` k cwipvwjz n q Q Ges GgwWwR-i 53wU Dcwb ` k Ki g a 21wU m ú K DcvË msmön K i Q BDbvB UW Um G RwÝ di B Uvib vkbvj W fjvc g U (BDGmGAvBwW)-Gi A_ vq b cwipvwjz Av`gïgvwi I ^v Rwic (DHS) kxl K m ú~ik Rwi ci m ½ GgAvBwmGm-Gi DcvË mgwš^z Kiv nq GgwWwR Z`viwKi Kv R GwUB me P q eo Drm wnmv e KvR Ki Q mnmªv ãi Dbœqb j i Z`viwKi KvR GwM q bqvi D Ï k GK Q AvšÍtms v `j Rb wb q Q hviv wbw` ó wkqy KŠkjMZ I c wzmz welq wb q KvR Ki Q hvi g a i q Q m~pk I gwbuwis Uz ji cöwgzkiy, `kxq ch v q cwimsl v bi mvg_ M o Zvjv, hš_ wnmve m úv`b Ges mn hvmx `i g a Z`viwK Kv Ri mgš^q mvab Gme `j hme wel q ewk iæz `q Zvi g a i q Q cuvp eq ii wb P wkï I gvz g Zz nvi, cvwb I cqtwb vkb, wukv, g v jwiqv Ges GBPAvBwf-GBWm RvZxq ch v q mvwe K DcvË e e vi DbœqbI GKUv LyeB Riæwi welq hv Z K i Rb ^v wel q wm vší biqvi Î wbf i hvm I mwvk Z_ -DcvË mgqg Zv mieivn Kiv m e nq GwU GKwU `xn gqvw` KvR ^v Z_ e e v Dbœq bi Rb `k jvi m ½ Nwbôfv e KvR K i hv Q A b K hv `i g a i q Q wek ^v ms v I nj_ gwuª buiqvk (GBPGgGb) GKv Ri wbw` ó j Ggb GKwU mymsnz e e v M o Zvjv hvi g a AšÍfy ³ n e mkj eûgylx Dce e v I DcvË Drm h jv mw wjzfv e ^v Z_ Drcv` b f~wgkv ivl e Gme ^v Z _ i g a i q Q Rwic, g~j ^v wbeübmg~n, ïgvwi, ivm cwiw wz ch e Y I M nxz e e vi djvdj, mev m úwk Z cwimsl vb, ^v e e vcbv Z_, Avw_ K DcvË Ges m ú` welqk Z_ -DcvË GiKg mymsnz GKwU e e v M o Zzj Z n j GKwU GKxf~Z e e vi j mymgwš^z cwikíbvi AvIZvq Kg iz wewfbœ `k I AvšÍR vwzk mn hvmx `i g a Av iv ewk mgš^q I mn hvwmzv cö qvrb mymsnz GB DcvË e e v M o DV j DcvË msmön I cwi ek b Abvek K cybive wë, LwÛZKiY Ges Z_ web v mi mgm v A bkuv n«vm cv e `Lyb Z_ cäx, c ôv 108 100 wek wkï cwiw wz 2008

^v ms v Ges wek e vsk wkï g Zz Kgv Z Kx cwigvy LiP n Z cv i Zvi GKwU hš_ we køly cwipvjbv K i (c v bj `Lyb, Aa vq-4, c. 78) GB cöwz e` b we` gvb hme Kg m~wpi Ici Rvi `Iqv n q Q m jv K Av iv evwo q 2009 mv ji g a wkï g Zz nvi 35 kzvsk Kwg q Avbv m e G Z K i gv_vwcqy AvovB gvwk b Wjvi evowz LiP n e (A_ev cöwzwu Rxeb euvpv bvi cq b cövq 800 gvwk b Wjvi LiP n e) GgwWwR 4 cy ivcywi AR b Ki Z n j 2015 mv ji g a cuvp eq ii wb Pi wkï g Zz i nvi `yb-z Zxqvsk Kwg q Avb Z n e Ñ Avi Zvi Rb Avwd«Kvi ^v e e v K Av iv kw³kvjx K i Zzj Z n e Ges bzzb bzzb Kg m~wp MÖnY Ki Z n e hgb, ivuvfvbivm I wbd gvk vj msμgy VKv Z wukv Kg m~wp we køl Y `Lv M Q cöwz eqi 5 wgwjqb wkï I 200,000 gv qi cövy euvpv bvi LiP hvmv bv LyeB m e GZ jv Rxeb euvpv Z KZ LiP co e? Gi Rb evowz LiP n e gv_vwcqy eq i 10 gvwk b Wjvi K i (ev cö Z K Rxeb euvpv bvi cq b 2,000 gvwk b Wjv iii Kg LiP n e) 10 Uj v Ði MøbBMj& m 2005 mv j AbywôZ wr-8 kxl m j b eo eo wk ívbœz `k jv Avwd«Kvq Zv `i A_ mnvqzv 2010 mv ji g a wø Y Ki e e j K_v w` qwqj wkš 2007 mv ji gvsvgvws G mi G wel q Lye KgB AMÖMwZ n q Q 11 Avwd«Kvi `k jvi wb R `i wkï `i cöwz Zv `i cöwzköæwz i vq h _ó g bv hvmx n Z cv iwb 2001 mv j GBWm wel q Avwd«Kvi HK ms v (AiMvbvB Rkb Ad Avwd«Kvb BDwbwU)-Gi we kl kxl m j b M nxz AveyRv NvlYvq Avwd«Kvi bz e ` 15 kzvsk RvZxq ev RU ^v Lv Z e q Kivi cöwzköæwz AšÍfy ³ UNICEF/ HQ00-0001/Giacomo Pirozzi gv, bervzk I wkïi ^v m úwk Z Pvwn`vi ev Íevqb NUv Z me Askx`v ii g a cvi úwik mn hvwmzv Ges cybe ³ `vqe Zv cybe ³ Kiv PvB GKRb ^v Kgx GK gv qi m ½ ivmcöwz iva wukv wel q Avjvc Ki Qb, HK e cörvz `ªx ZvbRvwbqv K iwq jb Qq eqi ci gnv `kwui Lye Kg `kb GB cöwzköæwz ivl Z c i Q 12 ^v msμvší GgwWwR jv c~i Y h _ó m ú` BwZg a B i q Q GLb wek Av Mi h Kv bv mg qi P q ewk m ú`kvjx e w³mz FYcÖevn, mivmwi ˆe `wkk wewb qvm, cvu dvwji BKzwqwU I ˆe `wkk Avq wnmve Ki j Dbœqbkxj ` k Avw_ K cöevn ikw cwigv Y cšu Q Q 2000 mvj _ K hlb cövwzôvwbk Dbœqb mnvqzv (IwWG) wø Y n q Q Ab vb Avw_ K cöevn _ K Zv Aí wkqyuv wcwq q i q Q (wpî 5.1 `Lyb, c. 99) Avwd«Kvq mnvqzv evov bvi e vcv i Zv `i `Iqv cöwzköæwz c~i Y `vzv `i K Zrci n Z n e Ges Avm Q eqi jv Z Zv `i cö Póv K Ggbfv e evov Z n e hb Zv Pv L c o gvz, bervzk I wkïi Rxeb i v K wek Rbxb Aek c~iyxq j K i Zvjv wkï I gv K euvpv bvi AvwZ eû gvby li Kv b BwZg a cšu Q M Q wkïrxeb i vi wecø ei cöviw K eqi jv _ KB ^v Lv Z wek Rbxb mn hvmx Kg KvÐ ïiæ n q Q, cövqkb h jvi A_ vqb NUZ e w³mz Drm _ K Gai bi eû mn hvmx Kg KvÐ ^v LvZ K Kg gyli K i Q Gme Kg Kv Ði g a D jøl hvm n Q: Mg kw³kvjxkiy D ` vm (Flour Fortification Initiative), cywó Dbœq b wek e vcx HK (the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition), M vwf ˆgÎx (the GAVI Alliance), gvz, bervzk I wkï ^v wel q mn hvmx Kg KvÐ (the Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health), g v jwiqv nuvi (Roll Back wkï i vi mw wjz cöqvm 101