The Cordgrasses (Sporobolus/Spartina) 1) Smooth Cordgrass (Sporobolus alternifolius). 2) Saltmeadow Hay (Sporobolus pumila). 3) Tall Cordgrass (Sporobolus cynosuroides).
Sporobolus alterniflorus (smooth cordgrass) Summary Duration Growth Habit U.S. Nativity Federal T/E Status National Wetland Indicator Perennial Graminoid Native to U.S. OBL Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period Spring and Summer Seeds, seedlings, transplants, and rhizomes.
Smooth Cordgrass (Sporobolus alternifolius) - aka Salt Cordgrass - high salinity tolerance (5 to 40psu) - high inundation tolerance (semi-diurnal inundation) - long lived perennial w/ rhizomatous root system
Sporobolus alterniflorus (smooth cordgrass)
Sporobolus alterniflorus (smooth cordgrass)
MSLTime 1 Salt Marsh Soil Ontogeny
Salt Marsh Soil Ontogeny Time 1 MSLTime 2 MSLTime 1
Salt Marsh Soil Ontogeny MSLTime 3 MSLTime 2 MSLTime 1
Salt Marsh Soil Ontogeny MSLTime N MSLTime 3 MSLTime 2 MSLTime 1
Salt Marsh Soil Ontogeny MSLTime N MSLTime 3 MSLTime 2 MSLTime 1
Big cordgrass Sporobolus cynosuroides
Saltmeadow Cordgrass (Sporobolus pumila) Summary Duration Growth Habit Perennial Graminoid U.S. Nativity Native to U.S. National Wetland Indicator FAC, OBL Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period After Harvest Regrowth Rate Spring and Summer Slow Seeds, seedlings, transplants, and rhizomes.
Saltmeadow Cordgrass (Sporobolus pumila) - high salinity tolerance (0 to 30psu) - low inundation tolerance (weekly or twice monthly) - longlived perennial w/ rhizomatous root system
Salt grass (Distichlis spicata) Summary Duration Growth Habit U.S. Nativity Federal T/E Status Perennial Graminoid Native to U.S. National Wetland Indicator FAC+, FACW+ Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period Spring, Summer, Fall Seeds, seedlings, transplants, and rhizomes.
Salt grass (Distichlis spicata) - high salinity tolerance (5 to 40psu) - medium inundation tolerance (semidiurnal) - longlived perennial w/ rhizomatous root system
Salt grass (Distichlis spicata)
Phragmites
Bac. Iva
Groundsel tree (Baccharis halimifolia) - medium salinity tolerance (0 to 15psu) - low inundation tolerance (weekly of semi-monthly) - woody shrub
Groundsel tree
Groundsel tree Salt bush
Its a relative of ragweed!
Wax myrtle (Morella spp.) M. cerifera M. pensylvanica Morella cerifera: lves 8cm long X 2cm wide. Morella pensylvanica: lves 6mm long X 2cm wide.
Morella spp. Morella cerifera: fruit 2.5-3.5mm in diameter. Morella pensylvanica: fruit 4.5-7 mm in diameter.
Morella spp. Summary Duration Growth Habit U.S. Nativity Federal T/E Status National Wetland Indicator Perennial Tree, Subshrub, Shrub Native to U.S. Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period Spring and Summer Seeds, cuttings and seedlings
Tidal Freshwater Species
Yellow pond lily (Nuphar lutea)
Yellow pond lily (Nuphar lutea)
Arrow arum (Peltandra virginica)
Arrow arum (Peltandra virginica) Summary Duration Growth Habit U.S. Nativity Federal T/E Status National Wetland Indicator Perennial Forb/herb Native to U.S. OBL Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period Spring Seeds, tubers, and seedlings
Pickerel weed (Pontederia cordata)
Pickerel weed (Pontederia cordata) Summary Duration Growth Habit U.S. Nativity Perennial Forb/herb Native to U.S. Federal T/E Status National Wetland Indicator OBL Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period Spring Seeds, seedlings, basal shoots, and rhizomes.
Duck potato (Sagittaria latifolia) Sagittaria latifolia Sagittaria latifolia
Duck potato (Sagittaria latifolia)
Duck potato (Sagittaria latifolia) Summary Duration Growth Habit U.S. Nativity Federal T/E Status Perennial Forb/herb Native to U.S. National Wetland Indicator OBL Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period Spring Seed, seedlings, and tubers.
Polygonum spp. (knotweeds & smartweeds, 23 spp.) P. pennsylvaticum P. punctatum
Dotted smartweed (Polygonum punctatum)
Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum)
Smartweeds (Polygonum spp.) P. punctatum P. pensylvanicum
Polygonum spp. Summary Duration Growth Habit U.S. Nativity Annual, Perennial Forb/herb Native to U.S. Federal T/E Status National Wetland Indicator FACW, OBL Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period Summer Seeds and seedlings.
Beggarticks (Bidens, 11 spp.)
Beggarticks (Bidens)
Beggartick (Bidens spp.) Summary Duration Growth Habit U.S. Nativity Annual, Perennial Forb/herb Native to U.S. Federal T/E Status National Wetland Indicator OBL Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period Spring, Summer, Fall
Three square and bullrushes Schoenoplectus (9) Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus Schoenoplectus americanus Schoenoplectus etuberculatus Schoenoplectus pungens Schoenoplectus purshianus Schoenoplectus smithii var. levisetus Schoenoplectus subterminalis Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani Schoenoplectus torreyi Scirpus (11) spp. Scirpus ancistrochaetus Scirpus atrovirens Scirpus cyperinus Scirpus divaricatus Scirpus expansus Scirpus flaccidifolius Scirpus georgianus Scirpus hattorianus Scirpus lineatus Scirpus pendulus Scirpus polyphyllus
Three square and bullrushes Schoenoplectus americanus Scirpus cyperinus
Three square and bullrushes Schoenoplectus americanus Scirpus cyperinus
Three square and bullrushes (Schoenoplectus and Scirpus spp.)
Three square and bullrushes
Three square and bullrushes (Schoenoplectus and Scirpus spp.) Summary Duration Growth Habit U.S. Nativity Perennial Graminoid Native to U.S. Federal T/E Status National Wetland Indicator FACW+, OBL Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period Spring Seeds, seedlings, and (some species) rhizomes
Rose mallow (Hibiscus moscheutos)
Rose mallow (H. moscheutos) (Althaea officinalis) Althaea officinalis originally used to make marshmellows
Highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum)
Freshwater Trees Bald cypress (Taxodium distichum)
Dr. James E. Perry Email: jperry@vims.edu