Essential Questins Unit One: The Atmsphere Layers f the atmsphere Standards Curse Title: Meterlgy Curse Descriptin: Weather and Climate is the scientific study f atmspheric prcesses and patterns, and their impact n human activities. Weather and Climate examines the cllectin and analysis f meterlgical data at lcal, reginal, and glbal scales. Tpics include the heat, misture, and wind dynamics f the atmsphere, applicatin f satellite and radar data, develpment and impact f thunderstrms, trnades and hurricanes, weather analysis and frecasting, and the study f climate and climate change. Length f Curse (semester lng, r year-lng) Hw d meterlgists study the atmsphere? What is the atmsphere? What is it made f? What des the atmsphere d fr me? Functins: Interpreting Functins F-IFMA.8.c. Translate amng different representatins f functins and relatins: graphs, equatins, pint sets, and tables. Recgnize angles as gemetric shapes that are frmed wherever tw rays share a cmmn endpint, and understand cncepts f angle measurement: a. An angle is measured with reference t a circle with its center at the cmmn endpint f the rays, by cnsidering the fractin f the circular arc between the pints where the tw rays intersect the circle. An angle that turns thrugh 1/360 f a circle is called a ne-degree angle, and can be used t measure angles. b. An angle that turns thrugh n ne-degree angles is said t have an angle measure f n degrees. 6. Measure angles in whle-number degrees using a prtractr. Sketch angles f specified measure. 1.5 Explain hw the revlutin f Earth arund the Sun and the inclinatin f Earth n its axis cause Earth s seasnal variatins (equinxes and slstices). Cncepts and Skills Students will study hw earth-sun gemetry influences such phenmena as the seasns and the amunt f daylight we receive. SIS1. Make bservatins, raise questins, and frmulate hyptheses. SIS2. Design and cnduct scientific investigatins. SIS3. Analyze and interpret results f scientific investigatins. SIS4. Cmmunicate and apply the results f scientific investigatins. CCR Reading Standards CCRSL.2 Determine the central ideas r cnclusins f a text; trace the text s explanatin r depictin f a cmplex prcess, phenmenn, r cncept; prvide an accurate summary f the text. CCRSL.3 Fllw precisely a cmplex multistep prcedure when carrying ut experiments, taking measurements, r perfrming technical tasks, attending t special cases r exceptins defined in the text. CCR Writing Standards CCWSL.4 Prduce clear and cherent writing in which the develpment, rganizatin, and style are apprpriate t task, purpse, and audience. CCR Math Standards CCSS.Math.Cntent.7.SP.A.2 Use data frm a randm sample t draw inferences abut a ppulatin with an unknwn characteristic f interest. Generate multiple samples (r simulated samples) f the same size
Cntent Objectives The atmsphere is the envelpe f gases surrunding the earth. Students will: t gauge the variatin in estimates r predictins. CCSS.Math.Cntent.7.SP.C.6 apprximate the prbability f a chance event by cllecting data n the chance prcess that prduces it and bserving its lng-run relative frequency, and predict the apprximate relative frequency given the prbability. CCSS.Math.Cntent.8.SP.A.1 Cnstruct and interpret scatter plts fr bivariate measurement data t investigate patterns f assciatin between tw quantities. Describe patterns such as clustering, utliers, psitive r negative assciatin, linear assciatin, and nnlinear assciatin. CCSS.Math.Cntent.8.SP.A.3 Use the equatin f a linear mdel t slve prblems in the cntext f bivariate measurement data, interpreting the slpe and intercept. Learn that the atmsphere is cmprised f five layers, the physical cmpsitin f each layer, and their relatinship t ne anther. Weather ccurs in the lwest part f the atmsphere called the trpsphere. Air pressure is the weight f the air n tp f us. Air pressure is high when mlecules in the air are tightly packed tgether and lw when Mlecules in the air have plenty f space. Air pressure decreases with height. Assessments/ Prducts Students will be assessed based n their labratry wrk, quizzes, tests, individual and grup assessments and a culminating perfrmance task. Labs/Dems/Prjects: Changes in Atmspheric Pressure with Height Zenith and slar elevatin angles. Measuring Slar Elevatin Angle (Sun Angle) Calculating Slar Intensity Ntebks: Cntent Ntes (every day r clse t it): Students will identify tpics; identify the main ideas and mst imprtant details and examples assciated with each tpic; include summaries as well as student-generated fllw-up questins and answers, reflectins, visualizatins, and respnses t the cntent, using higher rder thinking skills (e.g., predict, cnnect, infer, analyze, evaluate, categrize, synthesize). Vcabulary: Students will highlight additinal, key vcabulary in their ntebks; they will build an understanding f the vcabulary using vcabulary-develpment
exercises (e.g., wrd webs, Frayer Mdel), as well as use the vcabulary in their daily wrk and cnversatins. Narrative and Explanatry Essay (in respnse t ne r mre Essential and Guiding Questins)/Investigatin Reprts: Student wrk will include evidence f planning: graphic rganizers, brainstrming lists; editing f language, vcabulary, grammar, structure; rganized and develped ideas utilizing precise and dmain specific language; student sharing, student and teacher feedback, and revisins based n these cnversatins. Argumentative essays/investigatin reprts will include an explicit claim, scientific evidence in supprt f the claim (frm reprts, data, bservatins, etc.), and an explanatin f hw the evidence cnnects t and verifies the claim. Other Sample Prducts: KWL Charts. Venn Diagrams, Cncept Maps, H.O.T. Bxes, Others? Texts, Materials, and Resurces Essential Questins Unit Tw: The Earth s Weather Uneven heating f the Earth s atmsphere Crilis influence n glbal circulatin patterns Glbal winds Cnvectin cells Land vs. Sea Breezes, Muntain vs Yutube (Crilis Effect, Glbal Winds, cean currents, space weather, layers f the atmsphere, land vs. sea breezes, etc.) Climate Science Resurces (University f Massachusetts, Lwell) Exercises fr Weather and Climate Earth Netwrks weather system Earth Netwrks Achieve standards based lessns Science Daily Meterlgy Curse Title Curse Descriptin Length f Curse (semester lng, r year-lng) What technlgies d we use t study and frecast the weather? What rle des the sun play in ur weather? 1.3 Explain hw the transfer f energy thrugh radiatin, cnductin, and cnvectin cntributes t glbal atmspheric prcesses, such as strms, winds, and currents. 3.1 Explain hw heat energy is transferred by cnvectin, cnductin, and radiatin
Valley Breezes Standards Cncepts and Skills Cntent Objectives Students are intrduced t radiatin laws and the fluxes f radiatin and ther energy frms at the earth's surface. Students will study hw seasnal, diurnal, and meterlgical factrs influence these energy exchanges Students learn that the radiatin budget is cmprised f fur fluxes: Tw incming waves, ne lng term and ne shrt term, as well as tw utging waves, ne lng term and ne shrt term. Incming radiatin measured at the Earth s surface. Outging radiatin emitted by the atmsphere. With 70% Earth s surface cvered by water, students study hw this influences the planet s temperature. The Earth s weather is the state f the atmsphere at a given time and place. Students will learn that: SIS1. Make bservatins, raise questins, and frmulate hyptheses. SIS2. Design and cnduct scientific investigatins. SIS3. Analyze and interpret results f scientific investigatins. SIS4. Cmmunicate and apply the results f scientific investigatins. CCR Reading Standards CCRSL.2 Determine the central ideas r cnclusins f a text; trace the text s explanatin r depictin f a cmplex prcess, phenmenn, r cncept; prvide an accurate summary f the text. CCRSL.3 Fllw precisely a cmplex multistep prcedure when carrying ut experiments, taking measurements, r perfrming technical tasks, attending t special cases r exceptins defined in the text. CCR Writing Standards CCWSL.4 Prduce clear and cherent writing in which the develpment, rganizatin, and style are apprpriate t task, purpse, and audience. CCR Math Standards CCSS.Math.Cntent.7.SP.A.2 Use data frm a randm sample t draw inferences abut a ppulatin with an unknwn characteristic f interest. Generate multiple samples (r simulated samples) f the same size t gauge the variatin in estimates r predictins. CCSS.Math.Cntent.7.SP.C.6 apprximate the prbability f a chance event by cllecting data n the chance prcess that prduces it and bserving its lng-run relative frequency, and predict the apprximate relative frequency given the prbability. CCSS.Math.Cntent.8.SP.A.1 Cnstruct and interpret scatter plts fr bivariate measurement data t investigate patterns f assciatin between tw quantities. Describe patterns such as clustering, utliers, psitive r negative assciatin, linear assciatin, and nnlinear assciatin. CCSS.Math.Cntent.8.SP.A.3 Use the equatin f a linear mdel t slve prblems in the cntext f bivariate measurement data, interpreting the slpe and intercept. Weather prcesses such as wind, cluds, and precipitatin are the result f the uneven heating f the Earth by the Sun. The Crilis Effect is the apparent curvature f glbal winds, cean currents and anything that mves freely acrss the Earth s surface. The glbal winds are the winds that blw acrss the entire surface f the Earth, and that they are knwn by different names depending n the rigin f the directin frm which they riginate. Cnvectin cells are a means fr the transfer f energy acrss the Earth s surface and that they result due t the Earth s differential heating.
Land breezes are created when the land is cler than the water such as at night and surface winds have t be very light. Sea breezes are frmed by increasing temperature differences between the land and water. Muntain breezes result during the day when the land n the muntain heats the air abve it mre quickly than the valley flr is able t heat the air abve it. Valley breezes result when this warm air expands and frms a lw pressure cell at the tp f the muntain. Assessments/ Prducts Students will be assessed based n their labratry wrk, quizzes, tests, individual and grup assessments and a culminating perfrmance task. Labs/Dems/Prjects: Radiatin Fluxes Net Surface Radiatin and Other Energy Fluxes Shrtwave Radiatin Lng-wave Radiatin Other Factrs Influencing Temperature Ntebks: Cntent Ntes (every day r clse t it): Students will identify tpics; identify the main ideas and mst imprtant details and examples assciated with each tpic; include summaries as well as student-generated fllw-up questins and answers, reflectins, visualizatins, and respnses t the cntent, using higher rder thinking skills (e.g., predict, cnnect, infer, analyze, evaluate, categrize, synthesize). Vcabulary: Students will highlight additinal, key vcabulary in their ntebks; they will build an understanding f the vcabulary using vcabulary-develpment exercises (e.g., wrd webs, Frayer Mdel), as well as use the vcabulary in their daily wrk and cnversatins. Narrative and Explanatry Essay (in respnse t ne r mre Essential and Guiding Questins)/Investigatin Reprts: Student wrk will include evidence f planning: graphic rganizers, brainstrming lists; editing f language, vcabulary, grammar, structure; rganized and develped ideas utilizing precise and dmain specific language; student sharing, student and teacher feedback, and revisins based n these cnversatins. Argumentative essays/investigatin reprts will include an explicit claim, scientific evidence in supprt f the claim (frm reprts, data, bservatins, etc.), and an explanatin f hw the evidence cnnects t and verifies the claim. Other Sample Prducts: KWL Charts. Venn Diagrams, Cncept Maps, H.O.T. Bxes, Others? Texts, Materials, and Resurces Yutube (Crilis Effect, Glbal Winds, cean currents, space weather, layers f the atmsphere, land vs. sea breezes, etc.) Climate Science Resurces (University f Massachusetts, Lwell) Exercises fr Weather and Climate Earth Netwrks weather system Earth Netwrks Achieve standards based lessns Science Daily Meterlgy
Essential Questins Unit Three: The Seasns Revlutin f the Earth arund the Sun Inclinatin f the Earth s axis The Equinxes and Slstices Standards Cncepts and Skills Curse Title Curse Descriptin Length f Curse (semester lng, r year-lng) Why d we have seasns? What factrs determine seasnal temperature variatins? During a cld calm sunny day, why d we feel warmer than the thermmeter indicates? Hw d varius types f precipitatin frm? Why wuld changing the axis tilt change weather in the nrthern and suthern hemispheres? Why d cluds change shapes? Hw d they frm? What can clud bservatins tell us abut weather? What air masses cause weather in the U.S? P1 1.4 Prvide examples f hw the unequal heating f Earth and the Crilis effect influence glbal circulatin patterns, and shw hw they impact Massachusetts weather and climate (e.g., glbal winds, cnvectin cells, land/sea breezes, muntain/valley breezes). Students apply the cncepts f temperature that they have studied in the past sectin and apply it t a glbal radiatin budget Students learn that temperature can be influenced by sun angle as well as the clr and texture f the Earth s surface Students cnsider the changes in Earth s atmspheric prcesses as a result f differences in energy frm ne place t anther. SIS1. Make bservatins, raise questins, and frmulate hyptheses. SIS2. Design and cnduct scientific investigatins. SIS3. Analyze and interpret results f scientific investigatins. SIS4. Cmmunicate and apply the results f scientific investigatins. CCR Reading Standards CCRSL.2 Determine the central ideas r cnclusins f a text; trace the text s explanatin r depictin f a cmplex prcess, phenmenn, r cncept; prvide an accurate summary f the text. CCRSL.3 Fllw precisely a cmplex multistep prcedure when carrying ut experiments, taking measurements, r perfrming technical tasks, attending t special cases r exceptins defined in the text. CCR Writing Standards CCWSL.4 Prduce clear and cherent writing in which the develpment, rganizatin, and style are apprpriate t task, purpse, and audience. CCR Math Standards CCSS.Math.Cntent.7.SP.A.2 Use data frm a randm sample t draw inferences abut a ppulatin with an unknwn characteristic f interest. Generate multiple samples (r simulated samples) f the same size t gauge the variatin in estimates r predictins. CCSS.Math.Cntent.7.SP.C.6 apprximate the prbability f a chance event by cllecting data n the
Cntent Objectives chance prcess that prduces it and bserving its lng-run relative frequency, and predict the apprximate relative frequency given the prbability. CCSS.Math.Cntent.8.SP.A.1 Cnstruct and interpret scatter plts fr bivariate measurement data t investigate patterns f assciatin between tw quantities. Describe patterns such as clustering, utliers, psitive r negative assciatin, linear assciatin, and nnlinear assciatin. CCSS.Math.Cntent.8.SP.A.3 Use the equatin f a linear mdel t slve prblems in the cntext f bivariate measurement data, interpreting the slpe and intercept. The earth's rtatin axis makes an angle f abut 66.5 degrees with the plane f its rbit arund the sun, r abut 23.5 degrees frm the perpendicular t the ecliptic plane. An equinx ccurs twice a year(spring and Fall), when the tilt f the Earth s axis is inclined neither away frm nr twards the Sun, the center f the Sun being in the same plane as the Earth's equatr. Whereas the slstices ccur twice each year when the Sun s apparent psitin in the sky, as viewed frm Earth, reaches its nrthernmst r suthernmst extremes. Assessments/ Prducts Students will be assessed based n their labratry wrk, quizzes, tests, individual and grup assessments and a culminating perfrmance task. Labs/Dems/Prjects: The Glbal Energy Budget and Temperature Albed (Reflectivity) Net Radiatin and Circulatin Ntebks: Cntent Ntes (every day r clse t it): Students will identify tpics; identify the main ideas and mst imprtant details and examples assciated with each tpic; include summaries as well as student-generated fllw-up questins and answers, reflectins, visualizatins, and respnses t the cntent, using higher rder thinking skills (e.g., predict, cnnect, infer, analyze, evaluate, categrize, synthesize). Vcabulary: Students will highlight additinal, key vcabulary in their ntebks; they will build an understanding f the vcabulary using vcabulary-develpment exercises (e.g., wrd webs, Frayer Mdel), as well as use the vcabulary in their daily wrk and cnversatins. Narrative and Explanatry Essay (in respnse t ne r mre Essential and Guiding Questins)/Investigatin Reprts: Student wrk will include evidence f planning: graphic rganizers, brainstrming lists; editing f language, vcabulary, grammar, structure; rganized and develped ideas utilizing precise and dmain specific language; student sharing, student and teacher feedback, and revisins based n these cnversatins. Argumentative essays/investigatin reprts will include an explicit claim, scientific evidence in supprt f the claim (frm reprts, data, bservatins, etc.), and an explanatin f hw the evidence cnnects t and verifies the claim. Other Sample Prducts: KWL Charts. Venn Diagrams, Cncept Maps, H.O.T. Bxes, Others?
Texts, Materials, and Resurces Essential Questins Unit Fur: Frntal Bundaries Cyclnic Strms (Hurricanes (Typhns, Cyclnes), Trnades) Thunderstrms Winter strms [nr easters] Impact f humans (strm preparatin) Standards Cncepts and Skills Yutube (Crilis Effect, Glbal Winds, cean currents, space weather, layers f the atmsphere, land vs. sea breezes, etc.) Climate Science Resurces (University f Massachusetts, Lwell) Exercises fr Weather and Climate Earth Netwrks weather system Earth Netwrks Achieve standards based lessns Science Daily Meterlgy Curse Title Curse Descriptin Length f Curse (semester lng, r year-lng) What cnditins are needed t set up: Thunderstrms, Trnades, Hurricanes, and Blizzards? Hw d they knw where it will rain vs. snw? Why d T-strms happen in the late afternn? Why d s many trnades happen in the mid-west? Hw des hail frm? Des lightning ever strike twice? Why dn t we have many hurricanes in New Jersey? What is the difference between a hurricane and a trpical strm? 1.6 Describe the varius cnditins assciated with frntal bundaries and cyclnic strms and their impact n human affairs, such as strm preparatins. Students learn that when water changes phase, water either releases r cnsumes energy. Students learn that there are several ways t measure atmspheric misture at a given time and place. Students study hw vapr pressure, mixing rati and saturatin help us t better understand atmspheric SIS1. Make bservatins, raise questins, and frmulate hyptheses. SIS2. Design and cnduct scientific investigatins. SIS3. Analyze and interpret results f scientific investigatins. SIS4. Cmmunicate and apply the results f scientific investigatins. CCR Reading Standards CCRSL.2 Determine the central ideas r cnclusins f a text; trace the text s explanatin r depictin f a
Cntent Objectives misture, Students learn anther imprtant measure f atmspheric misture, dew pint. cmplex prcess, phenmenn, r cncept; prvide an accurate summary f the text. CCRSL.3 Fllw precisely a cmplex multistep prcedure when carrying ut experiments, taking measurements, r perfrming technical tasks, attending t special cases r exceptins defined in the text. CCR Writing Standards CCWSL.4 Prduce clear and cherent writing in which the develpment, rganizatin, and style are apprpriate t task, purpse, and audience. CCR Math Standards CCSS.Math.Cntent.7.SP.A.2 Use data frm a randm sample t draw inferences abut a ppulatin with an unknwn characteristic f interest. Generate multiple samples (r simulated samples) f the same size t gauge the variatin in estimates r predictins. CCSS.Math.Cntent.7.SP.C.6 apprximate the prbability f a chance event by cllecting data n the chance prcess that prduces it and bserving its lng-run relative frequency, and predict the apprximate relative frequency given the prbability. CCSS.Math.Cntent.8.SP.A.1 Cnstruct and interpret scatter plts fr bivariate measurement data t investigate patterns f assciatin between tw quantities. Describe patterns such as clustering, utliers, psitive r negative assciatin, linear assciatin, and nnlinear assciatin. CCSS.Math.Cntent.8.SP.A.3 Use the equatin f a linear mdel t slve prblems in the cntext f bivariate measurement data, interpreting the slpe and intercept. Temperature and pressure variatins in air masses result in a variety f different frms f weather, vilent r therwise. Students learn that: Frnts r frntal bundaries result when tw different air masses apprach each ther. The zne where these air masses meet is called a frntal bundary. Cyclnic strms are areas f clsed, circular fluid mtin rtating in the same directin as the Earth. Thunderstrms result frm the rapid upward mvement f warm, mist air. They can ccur inside warm, mist air masses and at frnts. Nr easter characteristics are very similar t a hurricane. Mre specifically it describes lw-pressure areas whse center f rtatin is just ff the East Cast and whse leading winds in the left frward quadrant rtate nt land frm the nrtheast. Human lives are directly (as well as indirectly) impacted by these strms and adequate preparatin can mean the difference between being a casualty r a survivr. Assessments/ Prducts Students will be assessed based n their labratry wrk, quizzes, tests, individual and grup assessments and a culminating perfrmance task. Labs/Dems/Prjects: Latent Heat
Measures f Atmspheric Misture Relative Humidity Dew Pint Ntebks: Cntent Ntes (every day r clse t it): Students will identify tpics; identify the main ideas and mst imprtant details and examples assciated with each tpic; include summaries as well as student-generated fllw-up questins and answers, reflectins, visualizatins, and respnses t the cntent, using higher rder thinking skills (e.g., predict, cnnect, infer, analyze, evaluate, categrize, synthesize). Vcabulary: Students will highlight additinal, key vcabulary in their ntebks; they will build an understanding f the vcabulary using vcabulary-develpment exercises (e.g., wrd webs, Frayer Mdel), as well as use the vcabulary in their daily wrk and cnversatins. Narrative and Explanatry Essay (in respnse t ne r mre Essential and Guiding Questins)/Investigatin Reprts: Student wrk will include evidence f planning: graphic rganizers, brainstrming lists; editing f language, vcabulary, grammar, structure; rganized and develped ideas utilizing precise and dmain specific language; student sharing, student and teacher feedback, and revisins based n these cnversatins. Argumentative essays/investigatin reprts will include an explicit claim, scientific evidence in supprt f the claim (frm reprts, data, bservatins, etc.), and an explanatin f hw the evidence cnnects t and verifies the claim. Other Sample Prducts: KWL Charts. Venn Diagrams, Cncept Maps, H.O.T. Bxes, Others? Texts, Materials, and Resurces Yutube (Crilis Effect, Glbal Winds, cean currents, space weather, layers f the atmsphere, land vs. sea breezes, etc.) Climate Science Resurces (University f Massachusetts, Lwell) Exercises fr Weather and Climate Earth Netwrks weather system Earth Netwrks Achieve standards based lessns Science Daily Meterlgy?