EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE PLATE TECTONICS REFER TO DATA PAGES For this section of the examination, refer to: Map of the Pacific Coast of North America on Data Page 6 World Tectonic Plate Boundaries Map on Data Page 7 1. Which of the following illustrations represents the motion of a seismic wave that can travel through all of the Earth s layers? A. B. C. D. Science 10 2011/12 Released Form B Page 1

2. Which of the following diagrams correctly identifies the lithosphere? A. Depth (km) Oceanic crust 100 200 300 400 Continental crust Mantle Lithosphere B. Depth (km) Oceanic crust 100 200 300 400 Continental crust Mantle Lithosphere C. Depth (km) Oceanic crust 100 200 300 400 Continental crust Mantle Lithosphere D. Depth (km) Oceanic crust 100 200 300 400 Continental crust Lithosphere Mantle Page 2 Science 10 2011/12 Released Form B

Use the following map showing tectonic plates to answer questions 3 and 4. Eurasian Plate Juan De Fuca Plate North American Plate Pacific Plate Cocos Plate East Pacific Rise Nazca Plate South American Plate Mid Mid-Atlantic Ridge African Plate Antarctic c Plate I II III 3. What type of plate boundary occurs at location II? A. divergent B. transform C. convergent 4 Where on the map is there an oceanic oceanic plate boundary? A. I only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II and III Science 10 2011/12 Released Form B Page 3

Use the following diagrams showing plate boundaries to answer questions 5 to 6. plate plate plate plate plate plate X Y Z www.gasd.k12.pa.us 5. Identify the mapping symbol associated with the following regions. X Y Z A. B. C. D. 6. What is formed at region X? A. a mid-ocean ridge B. a subduction zone C. a deep ocean trench D. a volcanic island arc 7. What type of earthquakes can occur at region Z? A. deep focus earthquakes only B. shallow focus earthquakes only C. intermediate focus earthquakes only D. shallow, intermediate and deep focus earthquakes Page 4 Science 10 2011/12 Released Form B

8. Which of the following choices refers to the sinking of the crust into the mantle as a result of both ridge push and gravity? A. hot spot B. slab pull C. magnetic reversal D. formation of a rift valley 9. Which of the following forces are causing the eastward movement of the Nazca Plate? I II III slab pull ridge push mantle convection A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II and III Use the following diagram to answer question 10. remnant of a volcano an extinct volcano an active volcano plate motion 10. What is responsible for the formation of these volcanoes? A. a hot spot B. a transform fault C. a spreading ridge D. a subducting plate Science 10 2011/12 Released Form B Page 5

Use the following diagram showing how South America fits with Africa to answer question 11 Africa South America www.gasd.k12.pa.us 11. The matching fit of these two coastlines was first used as evidence that A. Pangea once existed. B. mantle convection drives plate movement. C. hot spot volcanoes occur at varied locations on tectonic plates. D. a mid-ocean ridge formed between South America and Africa. 12. Which of the following tectonic features produces the greatest amount of new crust? A. ocean trenches B. mid-ocean ridges C. continental volcanoes D. continental transform faults Page 6 Science 10 2011/12 Released Form B

Use the following diagram of the collection of ocean crust magnetometer data to answer question 13. location north polarity south polarity ocean crust magnetometer 13. Which of the following geologic features was explained by the pattern of alternating north and south polarities found on the ocean crust? A. deep-sea trench B. mid-ocean ridge C. volcanic island arc D. hot spot island chain Science 10 2011/12 Released Form B Page 7

14. At which of the following locations is a spreading ridge most likely to occur? A. an ocean ocean divergent plate boundary B. an ocean ocean convergent plate boundary C. a continent continent transform plate boundary D. a continent continent convergent plate boundary 15. Which of the following statements correctly compares the Earth s crust to its mantle? A. It is thicker and denser than the mantle. B. It is thinner and denser than the mantle. C. It is thicker and less dense than the mantle. D. It is thinner and less dense than the mantle. Use the following illustration of the interior of a recently discovered planet to answer question 16. crust solid mantle liquid core 16. Which of the following seismic waves could be used to determine the depths of the solid mantle and liquid core of this planet? I II III surface waves primary waves secondary waves A. II only B. I and II only C. I and III only D. II and III only Science 10 2011/12 Released Form A Page 8

17. Which of the following statements correctly compares the Earth s crust to its mantle? A. It is thicker and denser than the mantle. B. It is thinner and denser than the mantle. C. It is thicker and less dense than the mantle. D. It is thinner and less dense than the mantle. Use the following illustration of the interior of a recently discovered planet to answer question 70. crust solid mantle liquid core 18. Which of the following seismic waves could be used to determine the depths of the solid mantle and liquid core of this planet? I II III surface waves primary waves secondary waves A. II only B. I and II only C. I and III only D. II and III only Page 9 Science 10 2011/12 Released Form A

Use the following series of map diagrams for the Pacific Coast of North America to answer question 19. 30 million years ago 20 million years ago 10 million years ago present FARALLON PLATE Pacific Plate JUAN DE FUCA PLATE JUAN DE FUCA PLATE JUAN DE FUCA PLATE Pacific Plate FARALLON PLATE NORTH AMERICAN PLATE Pacific Plate COCOS PLATE NORTH AMERICAN PLATE Pacific Plate COCOS PLATE NORTH AMERICAN PLATE COCOS PLATE Pacific Plate Rivera Plate NORTH AMERICAN PLATE 20. Which of the following processes accounts for the absence of the Farallon Plate in the final diagram? A. The Farallon Plate moved west along a transform fault. B. The Farallon Plate collided with the Pacific Plate, forming a larger oceanic plate. C. The Farallon Plate subducted beneath the Pacific Plate and parts of it were renamed. D. The Farallon Plate subducted beneath the North American Plate and parts of it were renamed. Science 10 2011/12 Released Form A Page 10

Use the following map of South America to answer question 21. P Q 21. What tectonic feature is found in the region from P to Q? A. hot spot B. rift valley C. subduction zone D. transform fault zone 22. Which pair of symbols indicate the presence of a subduction zone? A. and B. and C. and D. and Page 11 Science 10 2011/12 Released Form A

Use the following block diagram of a continental continental convergent plate boundary to answer question 23. Mountain range High plateau Lithosphere 14243 Continental crust Continental crust 14243 Lithosphere Asthenosphere Ancient oceanic crust 23. Which of the following locations is most closely associated with the type of tectonic activity illustrated in the diagram? A. Himalayas B. East Pacific Rise C. Cascade volcanoes D. Yellowstone hot spot 24. Which of the following thermal energy sources are responsible for producing mantle convection? A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II and III I II III decay of radioactive isotopes heat left over from Earth s formation friction from tectonic plate movement Science 10 2011/12 Released Form A Page 12

Use the following detail map of the East African Rift Zone to answer question 25. EURASIAN PLATE AFRICA Atlantic Ocean Nile River AFRICAN PLATE ARABIAN PLATE Gulf of Aden LEGEND Volcano Plate boundaries East African Rift Zone 25. What will occur near the Gulf of Aden as the tectonic activity within the East African Rift Zone continues? A. Sea water will flood the East African Rift Zone. B. A subduction zone will form along the Gulf of Aden. C. Volcanic activity in the East African Rift Zone will stop. D. The Arabian Plate will move south along transform faults. Page 13 Science 10 2011/12 Released Form A

Use the following map of the Ring of Fire to answer question 26. R I N G Japan O F Aleutian F I R Phillipine Marianas E Middle America Java Tonga Peru-Chile 26. Which of the following processes forms the trenches which outline the Ring of Fire? A. hot spot formation B. divergence of oceanic crust C. subduction of continental crust D. subduction of an oceanic plate Science 10 2011/12 Released Form A Page 14

Use the following map of hot spot chains to answer question 27. Hawaii Pitcairn Macdonald Easter LEGEND hot spot chain of volcanoes 27. Which of the following geological processes causes apparent opposing motion of the Macdonald and Easter Islands hot spots? A. ridge push at the East Pacific Rise B. slab pull at the Eastern edge of the Pacific Plate C. divergence of the North America Plate and the Pacific Plate D. mantle magma rising at several locations along the hot spot island chain 28. Alfred Wegener s Continental Drift Theory was based on which of the following observations? I II III IV fossil distribution jigsaw puzzle fit of continents matching up of mountain ranges magnetic reversals in the ocean crust A. I and II only B. II and III only C. I, II and III only D. I, II, III and IV Page 15 Science 10 2011/12 Released Form A

Use the following diagram to answer question 29. Mid-ocean ridge Lithosphere Magma X Y www.colorado. edu 29. Oceancrust X is younger than ocean crust Y. A. The statement is supported by the diagram. B. The statement is refuted by the diagram. C. The statement is neither supported nor refuted by the diagram. Science 10 2011/12 Released Form A Page 16

Use the following diagram to answer questions 30 and 31. Continent Open Ocean Continent Depth (km) Water 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A B Ocean Mid-ocean Ridge Deep 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 C D 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Distance (km) 30. Which location has the youngest crust? A. A B. C. D. B C D 31. Which location is associated with subduction? A. A B. C. D. B C D Science 10 2011/12 Released Exam A Page 17

32. Which of the following statements best describes how the Earth s layers were originally formed? A. Plate movement caused the formation of the crust, mantle and core. B. Sediments were deposited with the least dense settling to the core and the most dense at the surface. C. As the molten Earth cooled, the most dense materials sank to the core and the least dense rose to the surface. D. Convection currents in the molten Earth distributed materials with the lowest density to the core and the greatest density to the surface. 33. Which of the following conclusions is a result of seismic wave data? A. The mantle does not transmit P-waves and is therefore solid. B. The outer core does not transmit S-waves and is therefore liquid. C. The inner core does not transmit surface waves and is therefore solid. D. The crust transmits P-waves more slowly than S-waves and is therefore solid. Page18 Science 10 2011/12 Released Exam A

Use the following diagram and map to answer questions 34 and 35. Aleutian B A Kurile Japanese Marina Filled Puerto Rico Oceanic continental convergence Mid-America Java D Tonga Peru-Chile C 34. Which location on the map indicates an oceanic continental convergence occur? A. A B. C. D. B C D 35. Which of the following features would be associated with this type of plate boundary? I II III volcanism deep earthquakes volcanic island arc A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II and III Science 10 2011/12 Released Exam A Page 19

36. Which of the following symbols indicates the presence of the subduction zone along the Pacific Coast of North America? I II III IV A. II only B. I and II only C. II and III only D. I, II, III and IV 37. Which of the following processes explains the presence of a hot spot in the interior region of a continental plate? A. active subduction B. rising mantle magma C. convergence of continental plates D. transform plate boundary movement Page 20 Science 10 2011/12 Released Exam A

Use the following diagram of the Pacific plate to answer question 38. Dr. Stephen R. Mattox. scienceblogs.com The lines on the diagram show the location of volcanic islands and submerged volcanoes from three hot spots on the floor of the Pacific Ocean. 38. There is a change in direction in the line of submerged volcanoes which occurred 43 million years ago. Which of the following statements best explains the change? A. Pangea broke apart. B. The Pacific plate changed direction. C. The Pacific plate developed a transform fault. D. A divergent plate boundary developed in the Pacific plate. Science 10 2011/12 Released Exam A Page 21

39. Identify the process and feature at the East Pacific Rise. Process Feature A. slab pull mid-ocean ridge B. slab pull deep-ocean trench C. ridge push mid-ocean ridge D. ridge push deep-ocean trench 40. Which of the following observations were used as evidence to support Continental Drift Theory? I II III IV V mountain chains separated by oceans mirror-image seafloor magnetic reversal patterns glacial deposits in locations too warm to have glaciers fossils on adjacent continents representing species which could not cross oceans coal deposits in Antarctic regions too cold to support the necessary plant life A. I and II only B. III, IV and V only C. I, III, IV and V only D. I, II, III, IV and V Page 22 Science 10 2011/12 Released Exam A

Use the following map of the Northern Mariana Islands in the Pacific Ocean to answer question 41. Northern Mariana Islands, Pacific Plate PHILIPPINE SEA Farallon de Pajaros Maug Islands Asuncion h n c Agrihan earthobservatory.nasa.gov Pagan Alamagan Guguan Sarigan r e T a Farallon de Medinilla Garapan Saipan Tinian Aguijan Rota r i a n 0 100 km GUAM M a NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN 41. Which of the following statements is correct? I II III IV The islands owe their origin to a hot spot. Deep earthquakes occur along the island chain. The Mariana Islands are an example of a volcanic island arc. The islands owe their origin to the subduction of an ocean plate. A. I only B. III and IV only C. I, II and III only D. II, III and IV only Science 10 2011/12 Released Exam A Page 23

Use the following map to answer question 42. Africa X Y Indian Ocean 42. If the divergent plate boundary, X, within the continent of Africa and the divergent boundary, Y, in the Indian Ocean both continue to be active in the future, what is likely to occur between the two plate boundaries? A. a rift valley B. a subduction zone C. hot spot volcanoes D. a transform fault zone Page 24 Science 10 2011/12 Released Exam A

43. What is a tectonic plate boundary? A. the plastic layer upon which tectonic plates move B. the region that marks the bottom of the Earth s crust C. the region between tectonic plates and the asthenosphere D. the region where tectonic plates move toward, apart or horizontally past one another 44. Which of the following models correctly illustrates plate movement and mantle convection? A. B. C. D. Page 25 Science 10 2011/12 Released Exam B

Use the following earthquake diagram to answer question 45. 45. What does X point to? A. a focus B. a rift valley C. an epicentre D. a surface wave X fault 46. Identify a characteristic feature at a divergent plate boundary and a convergent plate boundary. Divergent Plate Boundary Convergent Plate Boundary A. mid-ocean ridge rift valley B. continental mountain chain deep sea trench C. rift valley continental mountain chain D. volcanic island arc mid-ocean ridge Science 10 2011/12 Released Exam B Page 26

47. There are no volcanoes along the Denali fault that runs through Alaska and the Yukon because A. it is a subduction zone. B. it is an inactive hotspot. C. there is no magma source. D. it is a convergent plate boundary. Use the following map to answer question 70. East Pacific Rise X Nazca Plate Y South American Plate 48. Which of the following comparisons correctly identifies the processes occurring at X and Y? X Y A. slab pull ridge push B. slab pull slab pull C. ridge push slab pull D. ridge push ridge push Page 27 Science 10 2011/12 Released Exam B

Use the following geothermal model of the Earth to answer questions 49 and 50. Earth s Surface 0 Temperature of Magma 1000 Depth (km) 2000 3000 4000 Iron Melts 5000 Iron Solidifies Earth s Core 6000 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Temperature in the Earth ( C) The geothermal model was constructed using seismic evidence and laboratory experiments of the properties of rock at different temperatures and pressures. 49. Using the geothermal model, identify the depth of the upper boundary of the Earth s outer core. A. 200 km B. 2700 km C. 5200 km D. 6400 km 50. Why does melted iron become solid again at a depth of 5200 km? A. Pressure increases. B. Magnetism increases. C. Temperature decreases. D. Force of gravity decreases. Science 10 2011/12 Released Exam B Page 28

51. Which of the following factors is responsible for the movement of tectonic plates? I II III gravity mantle convection heat from radioactive decay A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II and III 52. Consider the following descriptions of the movement of continental crust: These statements are associated with A. mantle convection. B. seafloor spreading. C. Continental Drift Theory. D. Theory of Plate Tectonics. Continents plow through the oceanic crust. Continents slide over the oceanic crust. Page 29 Science 10 2011/12 Released Exam B

Use the following location map, plate boundary map and photograph to answer question 53. Eurasia * * * * Lake Baikal * * LEGEND Shallow earthquakes * Lake Baikal, the deepest lake in the world. geology.com 53. What type of tectonic feature is responsible for the formation of Lake Baikal? A. a trench B. a transform fault C. a diverging plate D. a converging plate Science 10 2011/12 Released Exam B Page 30

Use the following article to answer questions 54 to 55. Drifting Volcanic Plume Snapped by Climate Satellite A volcanic plume that travelled halfway around the world is visible in the first image released from NASA s CALIPSO satellite. CALIPSO took its first measurements in June 2006 and spied a wispy plume of sulfur dioxide at an altitude of 20 kilometres above Indonesia. The plume originated 17 000 kilometres away on the Caribbean island of Montserrat in May, when a plug of viscous lava that had been rising from the Soufrière Hills volcano, like toothpaste from a tube, collapsed, sending ash flying 17 kilometres into the atmosphere. It wasn t one of those big eruptions. It was just a puff that went up high, said a CALIPSO project scientist. The fact that CALIPSO could see the plume 18 days after the eruption illustrates the satellite s sensitivity. The plume appears to be made up mainly of sulfuric acid droplets. CALIPSO s main task is to measure aerosols fine particles from dust, smoke, volcanic activity or combustion. Aerosols can absorb, scatter and reflect sunlight and infrared radiation. Ultimately, scientists hope to use CALIPSO to help understand the relationship between aerosols and climate change. Juan De Fuca Plate Cocos Plate North American Plate Montserrat Adapted by Kelly Young from New Scientist.com News Service, 25 July 2006. 54. Which of the following features is responsible for the volcanic activity on Montserrat? A. a hot spot B. subduction of an oceanic plate C. formation of a mid-ocean ridge D. divergence of two oceanic plates Page 31 Science 10 2011/12 Released Exam B

55. A scientist on Montserrat tested the rainwater falling in the area during the days following the eruption. Both bromthymol blue and methyl orange indicators were yellow. What was the approximate ph of the rain sample? A. 2 B. 5 C. 8 D. 11 56. Which of the following pairs of chemical formulas identify the sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid resulting from the eruption? Sulfur Dioxide Sulfuric Acid A. SO HSO 4 B. SO H 2 SO 4 C. SO 2 HSO 4 D. SO 2 H 2 SO 4 57. What was the average velocity of the volcanic plume as it travelled from Montserrat to Indonesia? A. 39 km h B. 708 km h C. 944 km h D. 22 667 km h Science 10 2011/12 Released Exam B Page 32

Use the following world map to answer question 58. Iceland Yellowstone Azores Hawaii Galapagos Afar Easter Island 58. What do the black dots represent? A. hot spots B. deep earthquakes C. subduction zones D. divergent plate boundaries END OF EXAMINATION Page 33 Science 10 2011/12 Released Exam B