Report A+M/PSI Data Centre NRC Kurchatov Institute Yu.V.Martynenko 21st Meeting of the Atomic and Molecular Data Centers and ALADDIN Network Vienna, 07-09 September 2011
The main activities on A+M/PSI DATA: 1. New Data generation. (Experiment, theory, codes). 2. Data Acquisition System + (DAS+). http://cpunfi.fusion.ru/dassql/dasweb2.dll/showgl System for operation with experimental data (discharge parameters and data of diagnostics) of various devices (Т-10, GTB, PN-3, S300, L-2M, Tuman, Globus ) of controlled nuclear fusion (storage, transmission, processing and results representation). The software allows to create Data warehouse for experimental data and possibility for multi-installations fusion researches.
Data related to neutral beam heating V. A. Belyaev, M. M. Dubrovin, D. A. Kozlov, A. A. Terentiev, A. Ye. Trenin, and G. V. Sholin) [Plasma Phys. Rep.2009]. D - ion source Preacceleration, kev Binary collisions, neutralization D - acceleration, MeV Neutralization Neutral beam Object: D - + D - D 0, E rel < E excit ~ 11 ev 3
Data related to neutral beam heating Negative molecular ion D 2 - V. A. Belyaev, M. M. Dubrovin, D. A. Kozlov, A. A. Terentiev, A. Ye. Trenin, and G. V. Sholin) [Plasma Phys. Rep. November. 2010]. D - Split beam E relat = 1.8 6.1 ev e - E relat = 9.2 ev (1) (2) (3) (4) D D D D e 0.75 ev 0 0 D D D D 2e 1.51 ev 0 2 2 D D D D 2e 2 2 D D D D e D 2 - molecular ions with E=2E 0 was observed. σ >1.5x10-14 cm 2. Lifetime > 10-6 s. 0 E relat = 7.8 ev E relat = 2.5.eV 4
PLASMA RADIATION quasiclassical methods V. Lisitsa et al Processes under consideration: 1) Bremstrahlung (Br); 2) Radiative recombination (RR); 3) Dielectronic recombination (DR). Advantages: V. Lisitsa et al a) calculation of electron-atomic processes for complex ions by small numbers of input parameters: Z, Z i, E b) universal scalings for atomic processes. 5
Bremsstrahlung, W ion (charge Z i ) + electron (E kin = 5 kev) Gaunt factor (defined with respect to Z =Z nucleus =74) 6
Universal scalings for level population b nl b nl vs x T = 3/TM 3 T electron temperature, M momentum number Solid curve - quasiclassical methods Quantum calculations: Points n =10, l =3 Crosses n=6, l=2 b nl vs x m = EM 3 /3 ~ M3/n 2 E energy, M momentum number Solid curve - quasiclassical methods Points - quantum calculations 7
Many-electron ions with core polarization effects recombination rates of electrons in collision with complex ions Ratio of photo recombination rate at polarized core to that at frozen core vs electron energy E (W ion charges Zi=5,10,20) Applications: ionization balance in divertor and edge plasmas, Plasma continuum spectra 8
Dielectronic recombination (DR) rates in quasiclassical approximation Distribution of DR rates (in units 10-12 cm 3 /s) over n for the C 3+ and Mg 1+ ions at electron temperature T e =10 5 K: solid curves universal formula; dotted lines and long dashed line- quantum calculations. 9
PLASMA RADIATION. Codes Fast code nl-kinryd (collisional-radiative kinetics of Rydberg atomic states) M.B. Kadomtsev, M.G. Levashova, V.S. Lisitsa: http://vo.nfi.kiae.ru/pmwiki/pmwiki.php Fast code: ESMEABRR (Electron + Static Many-Electron Atom) (Bremsstrahlung + Radiative Recombination) V.I. Kogan, A.B. Kukushkin http://vo.nfi.kiae.ru/pmwiki/pmwiki.php Applications Computer codes for tokamak plasma processes. 10
INFLUENCE OF HIGH CONCENTRATION OF CARBON IN DEUTERIUM PLASMA ON TUNGSTEN EROSION Contract No. 14073 Yu. Martynenko. B. Khripunot, V. Petrov Lenta linear plasma facility Beam-plasma discharge in crossed electric and magnetic fields E B is realized to produce plasma in steady state Axial magnetic field 0,15 Т Total energy in plasma 10 квт Plasma density 10 11 10 13 cm -3 Electron temperature 0.5 15 ev Ion flux density 10 17-10 19 ion cm -2 s -1 plasma D (98 %) and CH 4 (2%). density 1.5 10 12 cm -3, P = 8 10-4 Torr T e = 6 ev, U bias = 500eV E i = 500eV Ion current density j = 1 10 17 ion/cm 2 s T= 800-950 C ion fluence 0.6 10 21 ion/cm 2 11
W erosion Y ~ 1 10-2 at/ion. W. Eckstein Yw = 2.2 10-3 at/ion Complex composition of bombarding ion flux: D +, D 2+, D 3+, CH n + W surface change Formation of crystal column structures on W surface Deposit on the silicon blisters, mixed composition Element Weight % Atomic % C (K) 6.28 21. 69 O (K) 4.66 12.07 Si( K) 36.87 54.46 W (M) 52.19 11.78 Element Weight % Atomic % W (M) 100.00 100.00 C addition in D plasma increases W erosion yield, surface structure development and adds C in deposit 12
DEPOSITED FILMS GROWTH M. Nagel, Yu. Matynenko Analytical approach: adsorbed atoms directed diffusion, clustering, clusters growth and branching. Conditions (temperature T and deposition rate q) for different deposited films structure Low T and q laminar film High T, meddle q column, whiskers, cones Low T and middle q cobblestone pavement High T and q cauliflower 13
Modeling of deposited films growth Numerical code: M. Nagel, Yu. Matynenko adsorbed atoms diffusion, clustering, clusters growth, Polycrystalline grains size in deposited film d ~ D q - a -4 = ¼ -1/6 D is the diffusion coefficient, а is the atomic size, q is the deposited atoms flow. Fuzz developed on W surface at plasma exposition Fuzz formation is governed by the same mechanism as deposited film structure, but atoms diffusing on the surface are created at ion bombardment. 14
DUST MOBILIZATION, FILMS EXFOLIATION AND FRAGMENTATION IN TOKAMAKS Dust mobilization reasons 1. Thermal shock ( ELM, disruption). 2. Substrate vibration. 3. Plasma and air wind For ELM parameters Dust particles > 0.1-1 m can be mobilized with v ~ 100 м/с (heavy particles, W) and v~ 300 м/с (light particles, C). Yu. Martynenko, M. Nagel Film can be exfoliated at thickness > 1 m and then it is bracken into peaces with size from mm up to several cm. 15
Angle distribution of atoms sputtered from polycrystalline targets: (Yu.Martynenko, A.Rogov, V. Shulga) Mg, Al, Cu, Ag, Ta, Pt, Au, Ti, Cr, Zn, Zr, Nb Small size magnetron Ar+ ions: E i =0.25-0.5 kev, j = 30-200 mа/сm 2 Measurement by deposit weight. Deposit collectors are 15 mm disks placed on 2 semi circular supports R=120 mm. 16
Angle distributions. Experimental and calculation results. experimental data; f 1 ( )approximation; computer modeling 17
Approximations f 1 ( ) = A cos n B cos m f 2 ( ) = A cos p Z A n (p ) B m 12 Mg 1.00 1.40 0 0 13 Al 1.00 0.62 0 0 22 Ti 1.77 (1.00) 0.95 (0.44) 0.90 3.28 24 Cr 2.19 (1.00) 1.48 (0.64) 1.30 3.67 29 Cu 1.00 0.80 0 0 30 Zn 1.64 (1.00) 1.61 (0.68) 0.72 6.23 40 Zr 4.54 (1.00) 1.50 (0.57) 3.63 2.12 41 Nb 2.55 (1.00) 1.31 (0.59) 1.63 2.60 47 Ag 1.00 1.30 0 0 73 Ta 1.00 1.03 0 0 78 Pt 1.00 0.93 0 0 79 Au 1.00 1.30 0 0 18
p, Y at/ion p Periodical dependencies of parameter p on target atomic number Z 2 1,6 p= 0.3(Z 2 /E s )0.5(1+ (M i /2M a ) 3 ) E s material sublimation energy (ev), M a и Z 2 - mass and atomic number for sputtered atoms, M i ions mass 1,4 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 Experiment Calculation 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Z 2 Periodical dependencies of Y and p on target atomic number Z 2 Maxima values of Y and p correspond to minima value E s 5 4 3 2 1 0 Zn n exp Y, calc Au Ag Y, exp Cu Mg Cr Pt Nb n Al Ti Zr exp Ta 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Z 19
TUNGSTEN EXPERIMENTS, QSPA-T «Kurchatov Institute», TRINITI, MEPHI, ITER Russian Domestic, Forschungszentrum Jülich, ITER Cadarache. Edges melting and cracks formation at Q >0.5MJ/m 2 Cracks dynamic Surface structure after W resolidification Erosion products deposition: structure and composition (W, WC 1-x, W 2 C, WC, FeW 3 C, Fe 6 W 6 C, graphite) 20
Be samples study at QSPA-Be facility State Research Center Troitsk (TRINITI), RSR Institute for Inorganic Materials (VNIINM), NRC Kurchatov Institute Program for three years (2011-2013) 1. Testing of Be samples by hydrogen plasma streams Plasma pulses duration t = 0.5 ms, energy density Q = 0.5 2.5 MJ/m 2. 2. Testing of Be samples by plasma radiation. Transformation of plasma stream energy into photon radiation of Ar or Ne plasma (simulation of mitigated disruptions in ITER). Radiation flashes t= 0.5 ms, q = 0.1 1 MJ/m 2 3. Investigation of erosion products 4. Relative analysis of experimental data obtained for Be grades TGP-56PS (Russia) and S65C (USA). Conclusion about properties of these grades of Be. 21
Conclusions 1.Neutral beam heating. Direct observation D - + D - D 2-. 2. Plasma radiation. quasiclassical calculation Bremsstrahlung, W ion (charge Z i ) + electron Ekin = 5 kev Scalings for radiative recombination Dielectronic recombination rates Cr 3+, Mg 1+. Fast codes: (i) n,l collisional-radiative kinetics of Rydberg atomic states, (ii) Bremsstrahlung + Radiative Recombination. 3. Data for surface Composition Dynamics Relevant to Erosion Processes. C addition in D plasma increases W erosion yield, surface structure development and adds C in deposit 4. Conditions (temperature T and deposition rate q) of different deposited films structure 22 5. Calculation of grains size in deposited film
Conclusions (continue) 6. Condition of dust mobilization in tokamaks 7. Condition of deposited film exfoliation and size of fragmented films. 8. Angle distribution of atoms sputtered from: Mg, Al, Cu, Ag, Ta, Pt, Au, Ti, Cr, Zn, Zr, Nb targets 9. Tungsten experiments, QSPA-T (Edges melting, cracks formation and dynamic, surface structure, erosion products deposition) 10. Be samples study at QSPA-Be facility Testing of Be samples by D plasma pulses and by Ar and Ne plasma radiation. Investigation of erosion products. Comparison of Be grades 11. Data Acquisition System updated http://cpunfi.fusion.ru/dassql/dasweb2.dll/showgl 23
Thank you 24
State-selective charge exchange highly charged ions with hydrogen (deuterium) The line emission from excited impurity ions that are formed after charge exchange with hydrogen (deuterium) can be used to determine plasma temperature via analysis of line broadening, plasma rotation via the Doppler shift of the lines and Impurity ion concentrations via absolute magnitudes of the emission lines. Discrepancy for the most probable excitation level n at high energy collision between existing scaling (Olson J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 43 (2010)) and quantum calculations was removed by Lisitsa et al (2011). 25