Phytophthora in the Forest Main Points: The Phytophthora Disease Cycle Invasive and native pathogens P. cinnamomi, P. lateralis, P. ramorum WHAT IS NEXT?
WATER MOLDS PHYTOPHTHORA SPORANGIA RELEASE ZOOSPORES
OOSPORES AND CHLAMYDOSPORES FOR SURVIVING DRY TIMES
Phytophthora species Forest Plants Forest Soil alni uniformis cactorum cambivora cinnamomi cryptogea europaea gallica gonapodyides gregata hydropathica ilicis lateralis megasperma multivora nemorosa nicotianae pini plurivora pseudosyringae pseudotsugae psychrophyla ramorum riparia sansomeana siskiyouensis syringae taxon ceanothus taxon morella taxon oaksoil taxon pgchlamydo taxon pluvialis Forest Streams Cultivated and Urban a MANY SPECIES IN OREGON Host and Habitat Index for Phytophthora in Oregon forests (32 Species!) http://www.forestphytophthoras.org/ E journal: Forest Phytophthoras, ISSN: 2164-7232
Invasive Forest Phytophthoras Phytophthora agathadicida Phytophthora obrutafolia Phytophthora tentaculata Phytophthora bilorbang Phytophthora lateralis Port Orford Cedar Root Disease Phytophthora ramorum Sudden Oak Death Phytophthora cinnamomi Jarrah dieback
PHYTOPHTHORA CINNAMOMI- AUSTRALIA
CORK OAK DECLINE - PORTUGAL
PATHOGEN HOSTS SUBSTRATE SPREAD ORIGIN? P. cinnamomi Many hosts Root nibbler Soil SE Asia P. lateralis POC Root and stem lesions Soil and streams E. Asia P. ramorum Tanoak (and many others) Leaf and twig lesions Airborne and splash?asia?
PATHOGEN HOSTS SUBSTRATE SPREAD ORIGIN? P. cinnamomi Many hosts Root nibbler Soil SE Asia P. lateralis POC Root and stem lesions Soil and streams E. Asia P. ramorum Tanoak (and many others) Leaf and twig lesions Airborne and splash?asia?
PHYTOPHTHORA LATERALIS PORT-ORFORD- CEDAR CHAMAECYPARIS LAWSONIANA
BANDON OREGON
POC YEW
Scotland, Green et al. Taiwan, Brasier et al.
Aerial infections CADUCOUS
PATHOGEN HOSTS SUBSTRATE SPREAD ORIGIN? P. cinnamomi Many hosts Root nibbler Soil SE Asia P. lateralis POC Root and stem lesions Soil and streams E. Asia P. ramorum Tanoak (and many others) Leaf and twig lesions Airborne and splash?asia?
SUDDEN OAK DEATH Fagaceae SHOOT DIEBACK Ericaceae Some conifers THREE DISEASES LEAF BLIGHT Many diverse hosts
Leaf symptoms on Umbellularia Shoot dieback of Conifers
TANOAK - LITHOCARPUS DENSIFLORUS
Phytophthora ramorum Deciduous Sporangia
CHLAMYDOSPORES
CANOPY INFECTION
Splash dispersal and stem flow Landscape-level spread Airborne Long-distance spread Nursery Stock
Distance from recently killed tanoaks to the nearest tanoak killed in a previous year (2001-2006) 120 100 80 trees 60 40 20 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 3600 3700 3800 3900 4000 4100 4200 distance (m)
Landscape Distribution Ebba Peterson ROADS STREAMS frequency frequency Median distance Median distance
Washington Nursery Oregon nursery Oregon forest California Forest and Nursery
WHAT S NEXT? Early spring 2015 Phytophthora pluvialis Red Needle Cast of Douglas-fir
PATHOGEN HOSTS SUBSTRATE SPREAD ORIGIN? P. cinnamomi Many hosts Root nibbler Soil SE Asia P. lateralis POC Root and stem lesions Soil and streams E. Asia P. ramorum Tanoak (and many others) Leaf and twig lesions Airborne and splash?asia? P. pluvialis Douglas -fir Needle cast Airborne and splash?oregon?
September 2015- Nortons
R HI ZOCTONI A BUTI NI I WEBBLIGHT
THANK YOU Oregon colleagues