Day 3 Place Date Here What is imprinting? What researcher imprinted ducks onto himself during his research? Write your answer in complete sentences or lose credit
D E V E L O P M E N T A L P S Y C H O L O G Y
III. C O G N I T I V E D E V E L O P M E N T I I I. A t t a c h m e n t i s N e e d e d Research Shows: Orphans w/o attachments w/adults - lower I.Q. scores - higher anxiety disorders unloved may become unloving - many murderers report being neglected or battered as children - 30% of abused children abuse their children - physically/sexually abused increased risk for - health problems - psych disorders - substance abuse - criminality
Raymond Cattell: articulated 2 types of Intelligence: 1. fluid intelligence :ability to learn new things, quickly process, and apply information Decreases with age 2. crystalized intelligence: facts, "stuff Does not dissipate with age Unless diagnosed with dementia/alzheimers
How does cognition/thought Develop? Vygotsky: Nurture Cognitive development does not occur in ordered stages Ability develops based on environmental assistance (e.g., teachers, parents, siblings) Believed skills precede social dev Coined the zone or proximal development: Piaget: Nature Natural maturation of thinking Happens in 4 stages at estimated ages One cannot advance to the next stage without completing the first
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) the range between the level at which a child can solve a problem working alone and the level at which a child can solve a problem with the assistance of an adult. Learning FACILITATED by social interaction with someone on a higher level than them The child eventually will be able to work at that high level independently. Once the goal (upper limit) is achieved, it becomes the new lower limit of that child s ZPD
III. C O G N I T I V E D E V E L O P M E N T I. Piaget s Cognitive Development C. Piaget s Four Stages of Cognitive Development Stg 1. sensory-motor stage (0-2 yrs) Experience the world through senses & actions (looking, hearing, touching, mouthing, and grasping)
III. C O G N I T I V E D E V E L O P M E N T Stg 1. sensory-motor stage continued Object Permanence understanding that an object exists even when they can t be seen or touched. *Until about 12 Months a child doesn t have concept.
III. C O G N I T I V E D E V E L O P M E N T Stg 2. Preoperational Stage - ages 2-6 Child begins to use language & symbols. Mental imagery (Child can draw images from their mind) Egocentrism inability to see another person s point a view Example: Egocentrism
III. C O G N I T I V E D E V E L O P M E N T Stg 2. Preoperational Stage Continued Law of Conservation - quantity of substances remain the same despite changes in their shape or arrangement - (kids don t understand)
III. C O G N I T I V E D E V E L O P M E N T Stg 3. Concrete Operational Stage 6 12 yrs Begin to learn law of conservation, multidimensional thinking less egocentric. Can do elementary arithmetic.. EX 6 2 = 4, because 4+2=6
III. C O G N I T I V E D E V E L O P M E N T Stg 4. Formal operational 12 - adulthood Abstract & hypothetical thinking. Geometry Can think of several different approaches to solving problems Can examine the future Can formulate personal ideas & values
What part of today s lesson is confusing to you?