The following pages contain all the notes so far this semester

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Transcription:

The following pages contain all the notes so far this semester

This packet is for you to check your notebook. You cannot use this packet on the quiz.

Monday, January 29

Tuesday, January 30 particle part i cle The smallest something can be before it isn t that thing anymore particle of rice = grain particle of H 2 O = molecule particle of gold = atom

Wednesday, January 31 atom at om the smallest particle of a substance that can : exist by itself (alone) OR be combined with other atoms to form a molecule Atoms have 3 parts: protons, neutrons, & electrons Atoms are made of smaller parts called

Thursday, February 1 2/1/18 2/1/18 Subatomic Particles atoms All matter in the universe is made from tiny atoms locations protons and neutrons in the nucleus - subatomic particles Atoms are made of three parts called subatomic particles: 1) Protons 2) neutrons 3) electrons charges (+) protons are positive (0)neutrons are neutral (no charge) (-)electrons are negative mass protons = 1 amu (amu = atomic mass unit) electrons = 0 amu neutrons = 1 amu electrons in orbitals Atomic Number Atomic Symbol Atomic name Atomic mass - - 4 Be Beryllium 9.012 2/1/18 # protons # protons + # neutrons # protons = # electrons unless there s an ion

Friday, February 2 VERY BACK PAGE OF NOTEBOOK Folds out so you can still see everything

Monday, February 5 2/5/18 Electron Orbitals The electrons valence in the highest (electrons) orbital of an atom e- have a negative charge e- have a mass of 0 amus val ence valence electron A lithium atom has ` e- e- e- one valence electron A magnesium atom has two valence electrons HA MB SRM atoms usually have the same number of p+ and e- (unless there s an ion) e- go in circles around the nucleus these circles are called orbitals the 1st orbital can hold 2 e the 2nd orbital can hold 8 e the 3rd orbital can hold 8 e e- go in the lowest available orbitals, starting with the 1st orbital Boron has three valence electrons because 13 (start from the bottom) 15 14 6 7 16 5 8 1 2 12 9 17 4 11 3 nucleus 10 18

Tuesday & Wednesday, February 6 & 7 orbitals or bit als nucleus nu cle us e - e - orbitals e - nucleus the circles around the outer part of the atom the center of the atom Electrons are located in orbitals Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus period 4 = 4 orbitals period 3 = 3 orbitals period 2 = 2 orbitals period 1 = 1 orbital group 1 = 1 valance e - group 2 = 2 valance e - group 13 = 3 valance e - group 14 = 4 valance e - group 15 = 5 valance e - group 16 = 6 valance e - group 17 = 7 valance e - group 18 = FULL valance e -

Thursday, February 8 ion i on e - 3 p + e - Lithium ion (lost 1 e - ) an atom that has lost or gained electrons, giving it an overall positive or negative charge An atom with 3 p+ and only 2 e - is a lithium

Ions An atom or bonded group of atoms with a positive or negative charge Atoms become ions when they lose or gain electron(s) = 3 = 4 = 3 nucleus Lithium Li charge: none Tuesday, February 13 Q: Why do atoms gain or lose electrons??? A: They want to have full valence orbitals!!! = 3 = 4 = 2 Lithium ion Li + charge: 1+ 2 e - = full 1 st orbital Full 1 st orbital= 2e - Full 2 nd orbital= 8e - Full 3 rd orbital= 8e - (e - = electrons) = 9 = 10 = 9 Fluorine F charge: none 2/13/18 2/13/18 = 9 = 10 = 10 Fluorine ion F - charge: 1-10 e - = full 1 st orbital & full 2 nd orbital Q: How do atoms turn into ions??? A: Atoms can take or give away electrons!!! This is called IONIZATION 3 p + lithium has 1 e- in its 2 nd orbital lithium has 2 e- in its 1 st orbital 9 p + fluorine has 7 e- in its 2 nd orbital 3 p + 9 p+ fluorine has 8 e- in its 2 nd orbital

Wednesday, February 14 isotope is o tope Atoms of the same element, but of a different mass Same # p + means same element 2/13/18 2/14/18 Isotopes Atoms of the same element but different mass This means same #p +, but different # n 0 = 5 = 5 = 5 boron-10 10 B mass = 10 amu = 5 = 6 = 5 boron-11 11 B mass = 11 amu Different # n 0 means different mass Symbols vs. Periodic Table symbol: periodic table: for specific atoms average of all atoms 109 Ag + 47 47 Ag 107.8682 atomic # = what element it is mass = # protons + # neutrons positive charge = more p + than e - negative charge = more e - than p +

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