Alex M Imai, Y. Ohta and A. Itoh Department of Nuclear Engineering, Kyoto University

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Alex M Imai, Y. Ohta and A. Itoh Department of Nuclear Engineering, Kyoto University Joint IAEA-NFRI Technical Meeting on Data Evaluation for Atomic, Molecular and Plasma-Material Interaction Processes in Fusion, National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon, 5 Sep.. 2012

1988-1994 C 1,2,3+ + H 2, CO 2, CH 4, C 2 H 6, C 3 H 8 Energy = (0.5) 5-32 kev 1995-1997 Cr 1,2+ + He, Ne, Ar, Kr, H 2, CO, CO 2, CH 4, C 2 H 6, C 3 H 8 Be 1,2+ + He, Ne, Ar, Kr, H 2, CO, CO 2, CH 4, C 2 H 6, C 3 H 8 1998-2000 Ni 1,2+ + He, Ne, Ar, Kr, H 2, CO, CO 2, N 2, CH 4, C 2 H 6, C 3 H 8 2001-2004 Fe 1,2+ + He, Ne, Ar, Kr, H 2, CO, CO 2, N 2, CH 4, C 2 H 6, C 3 H 8 Be 1,2+ + He, Ne, Ar, Kr, H 2, CO, CO 2 B 1,2+ + He, Ne, Ar, Kr, H 2, CO, CO 2 2005-2008 - present W +, W 2+ + He, Ne, Ar, Kr, H 2, D 2, N 2, CH 4, C 2 H 6, C 3 H 8 IAEA CRP on Atomic Data for Heavy Element Impurities (2005 2009) required data for elements with atomic mass 13; (Ar, Kr, Xe), Si, Cl, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Mo and W and CRP for W continues until 2014.

Only two Experimental papers available except ours. Meyer et al. at 8.5, 11 MeV in PRA 19, 515 (1979). W q+ + H, H2, Ar (q = 4 15) Kheyrandish, Armour and Jones at 40 kev in Vacuum 34, 269 (1984). W + + Ar (0.7 1.0) x 10-16 cm 2?

Pump beam 0.9 MeV (20 kev/u) CO 2 + Accel. HV < 16 KV Neutral particle rejector Accelerating electrodes Deflector Einzel lens Collision cell Base Pressure < 3 10 6 Pa Signal 1 W Wire Ion source chamber Wien Fflter MCP Biased resistive anode Collision chamber Signal 2

Ion Yield 7.5 kev W + Extraction 1E+4 1E+3 WO + W + 1E+2 W 2 + WO 2 + W 2+ 1E+1 1E+0 0 256 512 768 1024 Wien Filter Electric Field q m

Rate equation for W i+ intensity where Relative intensity of W i+ ion Target thickness (= Density Length in /cm 2 ) Charge transfer cross section (cm 2 ) W j+ W i+ Under the single collision condition, these simultaneous equations reduce to where I i : ji : F :, I1, 0 2 I : I 2 I I df i d Intensity of W 2+, W + and W 0, respectively. j i i i F F - F 1,, j ji i ij 0 2 10, 12 1 I0 I2 I1 I0 I,

Growth curve for 5 kev W + Bench mark for 7.5 kev H + + H 2 collision I 2 I I 0 10 1 I0,

Electron capture cross sections for C q+ ions (q=1 4) from H2, CH 4, C 2 H 6, C 3 H 8, and CO 2 targets A. Itoh et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn 64, 3255 (1995)

10-15 10-16 He Ne Ar Kr C r o s s S e c t i o n (cm 2 ) 10-17 10-18 10-15 10-16 +, 2+ (a) Be +, 2+ (b) B H 2 CH 4 C 2 H 6 C 3 H 8 CO CO 2 10-17 10 21 10-18 +, 2+ (a') Be +, 2+ (b') B 20 theories 0.3 1.0 5.0 0.3 1.0 5.0 E n e r g y (kev/u) M. Imai et al., J. Plasma Fusion Res. SERIES Vol.7, pp.323-326 (2006)

10-15 10 10-16 21 20 Layton et al. He Ar Kr C r o s s S e c t i o n (cm 2 ) 10-17 10-18 10-19 10-15 10-16 10-17 (a) Fe + (b1) Ni + H 2 CH 4 C 2 H 6 C 3 H 8 CO CO 2 N 2 (b2) Ni 2+ 10-18 10-19 (a') Fe + (b1') Ni + (b2') Ni 2+ 50 100 1000 10 50 100 100 E n e r g y (ev/u) M. Imai et al., J. Plasma Fusion Res. SERIES Vol.7, pp.323-326 (2006)

Cross Section (cm 2 ) Cross Section (cm 2 ) 10 kev W + Single Electron Capture 5 kev W + Single Electron Capture C 2 H 6 C 2 H 6 10-16 CH 4 10-16 Kr Ar CH 4 10-17 N 2 IP -4.99 10-17 10-18 H 2 IP -9.18 Ne (7.5 kev) He 10 15 20 25 Target Ionization Potential (ev) 10-18 IP -17.3 10 15 20 25 Target Ionization Potential (ev)

Cross Section (cm 2 ) 15 kev W 2+ Single Electron Capture C 2 H 6 10-15 CH 4 Kr 10-16 He 10-17 10 15 20 25 Target Ionization Potential (ev)

I. Yu Tolstikhina et al., JPB 45 (2012) 145201.

Single Electron Capture Cross Sections for W + Ions 10-15 Cross Section (cm 2 ) 10-16 10-17 H 2 D 2 CH 4 C 2 H 6 C 3 H 8 10-18 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 Energy (kev)

Cross Section (cm 2 ) Cross Section (cm 2 ) 10 kev W + Single Electron Capture 5 kev W + Single Electron Capture C 2 H 6 C 2 H 6 10-16 CH 4 10-16 Kr Ar CH 4 10-17 N 2 IP -4.99 10-17 10-18 H 2 IP -9.18 Ne (7.5 kev) He 10 15 20 25 Target Ionization Potential (ev) 10-18 IP -17.3 10 15 20 25 Target Ionization Potential (ev)

Cross Section (cm 2 ) Cross Section (cm 2 ) 10 kev W + Single Electron Capture 5 kev W + Single Electron Capture C 3 H 8 C 2 H 6 10-16 CH 4 10-15 C 3 H 8 Kr Ar C 2 H 6 10-17 N 2 H 2 IP -4.99 10-16 IP -19.86 CH 4 D 2 IP -11.64 Ne (7.5 kev) He D 2 H 2 10-18 10 15 20 25 Target Ionization Potential (ev) 10-17 10 15 20 25 Target Ionization Potential (ev)

Cross Section (cm 2 ) 1E-13 1E-14 H + + H (1s mostly) 1E-15 1E-16 1E-17 1E-18 Elastic Excitation to H(2s, 2p) Excitation to H(n=2,3,4) Target Ionization 2p 2s n=2 n=3 n=4 1E-19 Capture (total) Capture into H(2s, 2p) 1E-20 1E-1 1E+0 1E+1 1E+2 1E+3 1E+4 1E+5 1E+6 1E+7 Collision Energy (ev/u)

Empirical scaling law for exothermic electron capture cross-sections (at low-energy limit) by A. Mueller and E. Salzborn (1977) IP -2.76 for single capture IP -2.80 for double capture IP -2.89 for triple capture IP -3.03 for 4-fold capture by T. Kusakabe et al. (1986) IP -2.0 for single capture by I. Yamada et al. (1999) IP -1.59 for single capture

1.E-14 1.E-15 1.E-16 1.E-17 1.E-18 1.E-19 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 W σ10 (10 kev) W σ21 Ni σ10 Ni σ21 Fe σ10 Fe σ21 B σ10 B σ21 Be σ10 Be σ21

1.E-14 1.E-15 1.E-16 1.E-17 1.E-18 1.E-19-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 IP ΔIP W σ 10 @ 10 kev -4.99-2.82 W σ 21 @ 15 kev -3.77 W σ10 (10 kev) Ni σ 10 @ 15 kev -5.24-3.00 W σ21 Ni σ 21 @ 15 kev -9.23 Ni σ10 Fe σ 10 @ 15 kev Fe σ 21 @ 15 kev B σ 10 @ 15 kev B σ 21 @ 15 kev Ni -8.97 σ21 Fe -0.77 σ10 Fe -7.77 σ21 B σ10-3.14-5.08-4.17-1.04 B σ21 Be σ 10 @ 15 kev -6.27-2.84 Be σ10 Be σ 21 @ 15 kev -8.26 Be σ21

1.E-14 1.E-15 1.E-16 1.E-17 1.E-18 W σ10 (10 kev) W σ21 Ni σ10 Ni σ21 Fe σ10 Fe σ21 1.E-19 0 5 10 15 20 25 30

1.E-14 1.E-15 1.E-16 1.E-17 1.E-18 IP ΔIP W σ 10 @ 10 kev -11.64-4.55 W σ 21 @ 15 kev -8.33 Ni σ 10 @ 15 kev -8.66-3.56 Ni σ 21 @ 15 kev -5.48 W σ10 (10 kev) Fe σ 10 @ 15 kev Fe σ 21 @ 15 kev W σ21-7.88 Ni σ10-1.93 Ni σ21 Fe σ10 Fe σ21-3.05 1.E-19-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20

1.E-14 1.E-15 1.E-16 1.E-17 1.E-18 1.E-19-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 W σ10 (10 kev) W σ21 W σ10 Ni σ10 (10 kev) W σ21 Ni σ21 Ni σ10 Fe σ10 Ni σ21 Fe σ21 Fe σ10 B σ10 Fe σ21 B σ21 Be σ10 Be σ21

Absolute total single electron capture cross-sections for W+ and W2+ ions were derived experimentally. Cross-sections (for these endothermic collisions) showed steep dependence on the target ionization potential, which is different for rare-gas and molecular gas targets. No characteristic target isotope effect was observed in the energy range > 5 kev. Anomalous energy dependence in low-energy region has been observed for the first time. Cross-section scaling on ΔIP (Q-value) might be possible.

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