Day 1/28: Monday Biology Week #22 Week of: January 28- February 1 Root Words In-Class Homework Word: Definition: As in: - Picture: -Organize Binder -Draw a City and List Parts -Begin notes on Parts of a Cell 1/29: Tuesday Word: Definition: As in: - Picture: -Notes on Parts of a Cell 1/30: Wednesday Word: Definition: As in: - Picture: - Late Arrival -Candyland City Analogy /31: Thursday Word: Definition: As in: - Picture: - Plant and Animal Microscope Lab 2/2: Friday Word: Definition: As in: - Picture: -Plant and Animal Microscope Lab Quiz -Week #22 Quiz Need Help? Raymond Houk Lundgren Lesniak McKittrick McCormack Monday 127-7th 205-7th Tuesday 298-8th 194-4th 245-7th T.C. - Pd. 1 Wednesday 127-7th 205-7th Thursday 298-8th 194-4th 245-7th T.C. - Pd. 1 Friday 127-7th 205-7th AM = before school, PM = after school, T.C. = tutoring center Or you can always make an appointment Website = GOOGLE CLASSROOM ( About tab) 1
Parts of a City As you name the necessary parts of the city, fill in the chart below. Part of City Why is Part Necessary PROBLEM: Do all parts of the city perform the same jobs, give two specific examples. 2
Notes on Parts of the Cell PROBLEM: Do all parts of the cell perform the same jobs? EVIDENCE: Take the following notes on ORGANELLES to answer the question above. Structure Name Function Part in City Present in Prokaryote? Eukaryote? Animal Plant Control center Store, clean-up & support Nucleus Vacuoles & Vesicles Lysosomes Ribosomes Build proteins Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Capture and release energy Chloroplasts Mitochondria Cellular boundaries Cell Wall Cell Membrane 3
CONCLUSION: What is the difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell? Label the cells below, using the following terms: - Prokaryote - Eukaryote - Plant Cell - Animal Cell - Nucleus Do you think that all parts of the cell perform the same job? Why? (Write at least 3 complete sentences) 4
Various Types of Cells PROBLEM: Are all cells the exact same? EVIDENCE: Read, annotate, and answer the following questions. The Cell Theory Observations by scientists made it clear that cells are the basic units of life. Many discoveries, confirmed by biologists, are summarized in the cell theory, a fundamental concept of biology. The cell theory states: 1. List & sketch examples of the 3 parts of the cell theory. Cell Theory Sketch 5
Prokaryotic Vs. Eukaryotic Cells Cells come in an amazing variety of shapes and sizes. Despite their differences, all cells, at some point in their lives, contain DNA, the molecule that carries biological information. In addition, all cells are surrounded by a thin flexible barrier called a cell membrane. 1. What are two items ALL cells have in common? Cells fall into two broad groups. Cells either have a nucleus or do not have a nucleus. The nucleus (plural: nuclei) is a large structure that contains genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many of the cell's activities. Eukaryotes (yoo KAR ee ohts) are cells that have their DNA in nuclei. Prokaryotes (pro KAR ee ohts) are cells that DO NOT have DNA in nuclei. 2. Complete the table below regarding Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes by placing a checkmark in the columns if the cells contain that structure. Eukaryote Prokaryote DNA Cell Membrane Nucleus 6
Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells do not separate their genetic material (DNA) in a nucleus. Despite their simplicity, prokaryotes carry out every activity associated with living things. They grow, reproduce, respond to the environment, and, in some cases, glide along surfaces or swim through liquids. The organisms we call bacteria are prokaryotes. 3. How could I identify a prokaryotic cell? Eukaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells. Most eukaryotic cells contain a lot of structures and internal membranes, and many are highly specialized. In eukaryotic cells, the nucleus separates the genetic material (DNA) from the rest of the cell. Eukaryotes display great variety: some, like the ones commonly called protists, live solitary lives as unicellular organisms; others form large, multicellular organisms plants, animals, and fungi. 4. How could I identify a eukaryotic cell? 5. Are all eukaryotic living things multicellular (made of many cells)? Why? 6. Give an example of a Prokaryote: Eukaryote: 7. Are humans prokaryotes or eukaryotes? Why? 7
CONCLUSION: Are all cells the exact same? Complete the Venn diagram below using the provided word bank.* 8
Cell City Analogy PROBLEM: Do all parts of the cell perform the same jobs? EVIDENCE: Read the following short story (analogy) and link the parts in the story to the parts of the cell. In a faraway city called Candyland, the main export and production product is Frooties. Everyone in the town has something to do with the Frooties making and the entire city is designed to build and export Frooties. The town hall has the instructions for Frooties making. Any citizen of Candyland can get the instructions and begin making their own Frooties. Frooties are generally produced in small shops around the city. In some cases numerous small shops will all be located in a similar place known as the shopping mall. Here numerous Frooties can be created in all shapes and sizes. After the Frooties are constructed, they are taken to the post office, where the Frooties are packaged and labeled for export. Sometimes Frooties don t turn out right, and the rejects are sent to the junkyard where they are broken down for parts or destroyed altogether. Any extra Frooties that are not being used or are not being shipped out of the city are stored in a large warehouse. The city powers the Frooties shops from an electricity plant that is in the city. The entire city of Candyland is enclosed by a large brick road, only the postal trucks and citizens with proper passports are allowed outside of Candyland. Organelle Function in Cell Similar function/structure in city Protein What the cell makes Frooties Lysosome Cell Membrane 9
Nucleus Golgi Apparatus Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum DNA Vacuole Mitochondria / Chloroplast CONCLUSION: Do you think that all parts of the cell perform the same job? Why? (write at least 2 complete sentences) 10
Plant Vs Animal Cell Lab Introduction : When different types of cells are viewed under a microscope, different cell parts can be seen. Some parts may be present in a cell, but not observable if the cell is alive. Often, stain has to be added to a specimen to allow an organelle to be seen, but this will probably destroy the cell. Purpose : In this investigation, you will: Procedure : 1. Observe a variety of living and once living materials under the microscope. 2. Study and locate under the microscope five specific cell parts : a. cell wall: b. cell membrane: c. cytoplasm: d. nucleus: e. chloroplasts: 3. Compare the cell parts found in plant and animal cells. Part A: Onion Cells Onion cells may be used to show a cell s nucleus. This structure appears within most living cells. The nucleus will appear as a round structure inside each cell. Part A1: Onion slide WITHOUT Iodine. 1. The epidermis is the thin layer of see through cells in between the layers of the onion. Look at the board, your teacher will now show you a picture of an onion cell on a microscope under low power. 2. Look at the onion on low power. Describe what you see: 3. Can you see the nucleus: 11
Part A2: Onion slide WITH Iodine. 1. Now, get out your microslide viewer and booklet #58. You are going to look at slide #2. This is an onion cell dyed with Iodine. Iodine is a chemical that is used to dye the cells so they can be seen well under the microscope. 2. Look at slide #2. The nucleus should now be easier to locate and will appear as a dot in the cell. 3. Draw what you see to the right using colored pencils. 4. Label as many parts of the cell as you can. ( cell wall, nucleus and cytoplasm ) 4. What was the difference between the onion epidermis cells with and without the iodine? Part B: Elodea Leaflet Another cell part found in the cells of many producers is the green chloroplasts. Elodea, a common water plant, shows these structures well under a microscope. 1. Go to a lab table and make a wet mount slide of an Elodea leaflet (one leaf). 2. Observe the cells under high power of your microscope. Note the small green organelles inside each cell. These are chloroplasts. 3. Draw what you see under high power. 4. Label as many parts of the cell as you can. ( cell wall, chloroplasts, and cytoplasm ). 5. Describe chloroplasts in a complete sentence. 12
Part C: Human Cheek Cells Human cheek cells may be used for viewing the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and sometimes the nucleus. 1. Get out your microslide viewer and booklet #58. 2. Observe slide #4. 3. Draw what you see to the right using colored pencils. 4. Label as many parts of the cell as you can. ( cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm ). 5. Explain why you didn t see chloroplasts in the cheek cells. 6. What was one major difference you viewed between a plant cell and your cheek cell? Part D: Blood 1. Get out your microslide viewer and booklet #58. 2. Observe slide #5. 3. Draw what you see to the right using colored pencils. 4. Label as many parts of the cell as you can. Remember this is an animal. ( cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm ) 5. Compare the size of the blood cells to your cheek cell. 13
CONCLUSION: Are all parts of cells the exact same? Are all parts of cells the exact same? (Please answer the following question in 4 sentences using 4 pieces of evidence that you SAW in the lab today). Complete the Venn diagram below using the provided word bank.* 14
Cell Structures Complete the Review Table Below based on your notes and what you just read this is all on the quiz tomorrow!!! Structure Name Function Present in Prokaryote? Eukaryote? Animal Plant Control center Nucleus Store, clean-up & support Vacuoles & Vesicles Lysosomes Ribosomes Build proteins Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Capture and release energy Chloroplasts Mitochondria Cellular boundaries Cell Wall Cell Membrane 15