GEOLOGY 306 Laboratory Instructor: TERRY J. BOROUGHS NAME: Extra Credit Assignment (Chapters 4, 5, 6, and 10) For this assignment you will require: a calculator and metric ruler. Chapter 4 Objectives: you should be able to: 1. Sketch, label, and discuss the complete hydrologic cycle. 2. Explain the relation between infiltration and runoff that occurs during a rainfall. 3. Discuss the effect that urbanization has on the runoff and infiltration of an area. 4. Identify on a topographic map the following features that are associated with rivers and valleys: rapids, meanders, floodplain, oxbow lake, and back-swamps. 5. Explain the occurrence, fluctuation, use, and mis-use of groundwater supplies. 6. Identify on a topographic map the following features associated with karst landscapes: sinkholes, disappearing streams, and solution valleys. Chapter 5 Objectives: you should be able to: 1.Locate the desert and steppe regions of North America. 2. Describe the evolution of the landforms that exist in the mountainous desert areas of the Basin and Range region of the western United States. 3. Describe the different types of glacial deposits and the features they compose. 4. Identify and explain the formation of the features commonly found in areas where the landforms are the result of deposition by continental ice sheets. 5. Describe the evolution and appearance of a glaciated mountainous area. 6. Identify and explain the formation of the features caused by alpine glaciation. 1. Refer to Figure 4.4. Does urbanization increase or decrease the lag time between rainfall and the maximum runoff point? 2. Refer to Figure 4.4. Does urbanization increase or decrease the maximum amount of runoff? 3. Refer to figure 4.6 (8 th edition). If north is up, which direction does the Missouri River flow to? 4. Refer to figure 4.6 (8 th edition). Does the Missouri River exhibit a floodplain? 5. Refer to Figure 4.6 (8 th edition). Does the Missouri River meander? 6. Refer to Figure 4.6 (8 th edition). Does down-cutting or lateral erosion dominate the Missouri River? 7. Refer to Figure 4.8 (8 th edition). Does the Genesee River which runs diagonally through the Angelica, New York map exhibit a floodplain? 8. Refer to Figure 4.8 (8 th edition). Does down-cutting or lateral erosion dominate the Genesee River? 9. Refer to Figure 4.8 (8 th edition). Does the Genesee River meander? 10. Refer to Figure 4.8 (8 th edition). Does the Genesee River exhibit Oxbows or Oxbow lakes? If so, draw their shape below. 1
11. Refer to Figure 4.8 (8 th edition). Does the Genesee River have point bar deposits? If so, are they located on the inside of outside of a meander? 12. Refer to Figure 4.8 (8 th edition). What direction does the Genesee River flow to? 13. Refer to Figure 4.10 (8 th edition). Does the Red River meander? 14. Refer to Figure 4.10 (8 th edition). Does the Red River exhibit a flood plain? 15. Refer to Figure 4.10 (8 th edition). What type of feature the areas labeled C 16. Refer to Figure 4.10 (8 th edition). Does down-cutting or lateral erosion dominate the Red River? 17. Refer to Figure 4.10 (8 th edition). What type of feature the areas labeled D 18. Refer to Figure 4.10 (8 th edition). What type of feature the areas labeled E 19. Which one of the following has the steepest gradient: the Missouri River, Genesee River, or Red River? 20. In the zone of aeration (unsaturated zone) the pore spaces are completely (filled, empty of water). Select the appropriate answer. 21. In the zone of saturation (saturated zone) the pore spaces are completely (filled, empty of water). Select the appropriate answer. 22. The boundary between the saturated zone and the unsaturated zone is called the: 23. Refer to Figure 4.14 (8 th edition). The land surface is sloping toward the (NW or SE)? 24. Refer to Figure 4.14 (8 th edition). The ground water surface is sloping toward the (W/NW or E/SE)? 2
25. Refer to Figure 4.16 (8 th edition). The AMOUNT of subsidence has increased or decreased in the period between 1910 and 1970? 26. Refer to Figure 4.16 (8 th edition). The Well water level has generally increased or decreased in the period between 1910 and 1970. 27. Refer to Figure 4.16 (8 th edition). At any point during the period between 1910 and 1970, did the well water level increase dramatically? If so, when? 28. Refer to Figure 4.18 (8 th edition). Ground depressions are often shown on topographic maps with the use of small hachure lines that are attached to a contour line and point toward the center of a rounded contour pattern. Do you see any such patterns in this map? If so, what do these depressions In other words, what would be the proper name for these types of features? 29. Refer to Figure 4.18 (8 th edition). Many small streams end at the features discussed in the previous question. What is the proper name for such streams? 30. Refer to Figure 4.22 (8 th edition). Identify and/or list as many features of the river and surrounding valley as possible. THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS REFER TO CHAPTER 5 IN YOUR MANUAL 1. Refer to Figure 5.4 (8 th edition). What type of feature is represented by the area labeled D? 2. Refer to Figure 5.4 (8 th edition). What types of features are represented by the areas labeled C? 3. Refer to Figure 5.4 (8 th edition). What is the elevation of Indian Butte? 4. Refer to Figure 5.4 (8 th edition). In the North East corner of the map is a Benchmark of 1436 (BM 1436). What is the Range, Township and Section number of this location? Section: Township: Range: 3
5. Refer to Figure 5.4 (8 th edition). What direction is the river located near Indian Butte flowing to? 6. Refer to Figure 5.10 (8 th edition). What types of features are represented by the areas labeled A? 7. Refer to Figure 5.10 (8 th edition). There are numerous lakes that fill in depressions on this landscape. What type of lakes are these? 8. Refer to Figure 5.13 (8 th edition). Identify the features associated with letter(s) A. 9. Refer to Figure 5.13 (8 th edition). Identify the features associated with letter(s) B. 10. Refer to Figure 5.13 (8 th edition). Identify the features associated with letter(s) C. 11. Refer to Figure 5.13 (8 th edition). Identify the features associated with letter(s) D. 12. Refer to Figure 5.14 (8 th edition). Identify the features associated with letter(s) A. 13. Refer to Figure 5.14 (8 th edition). Identify the features associated with letter(s) B. 14. Refer to figure 5.14 (8 th edition). Identify the features associated with letter(s) E. 15. Refer to Figure 5.14 (8 th edition). Identify the features associated with letter(s) G. THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS REFER TO CHAPTER 6 IN YOUR MANUAL 1. Refer to Figure 6.2. It took approximately (5, 7, 11) minutes to record the entire earthquake from the first recording of the P waves to the end of the surface waves. Select the best answer. 2. Refer to Figure 6.2. The (P-waves, S-waves, Surface waves) had the greatest amplitude (height). Select the best answer. 3. Refer to Figure 6.2. The (P-waves, S-waves, Surface waves) arrived first at the recording station. Select the best answer. 4
4. Refer to Figure 6.3. (One, two, three) seismic stations are necessary to locate an earthquake epicenter. Select the best answer. 5. Refer to Figure 6.5. Of the three locations represented by the seismograms, which location was closest to the actual earthquake? 6. Refer to Figure 6.9. The velocity of the P-waves (stops, increases, or decreases) as it encounters the outer core? 7. Refer to Figure 6.9. The velocity of the S-waves (stops, increases, or decreases) as it encounters the outer core? 8. Refer to Figure 6.9. The velocity of the P-waves (stops, increases, or decreases) as it encounters the inner core? 9. Refer to Table 6.2 and 6.3. Does the Granite or Basalt melt at lower temperatures? 10. Refer to Table 6.2 and 6.3. What is the temperature at 150 km? Will the Basalt melt at that location? THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS REFER TO CHAPTER 10 IN YOUR MANUAL 1. Which hemisphere, Northern or Southern, could be called the water hemisphere and which the land hemisphere? Water: Land: 2. Which ocean is almost entirely in the Southern Hemisphere? 3. Refer to Figure 10.5. Of the (shelf, slope, rise) which represents the very flat portion of the Continental margin? 4. Refer to Figure 10.5. Deep Sea Fans are deposited on the (shelf, slope, rise) portion of the Continental margin? 5. Refer to Figure 10.5. Submarine Canyons form on the (shelf, slope, rise) portion of the Continental margin? 6. As evaporation increases, salinity will (increase, decrease, remains the same.) 7. Refer to Table 10.4. (High latitudes, Equator, or Tropics) experience the greatest change in temperature with depth. Select the best answer. The End! 5