(Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration) Before You Read Before you read the chapter, respond to these statements. 1. Write an A if you agree with the statement. 2. Write a D if you disagree with the statement. Before You Read After You Read Energy is the ability to do work and comes in many forms. ATP is a molecule used by cells to store energy. Photosynthesis occurs in all cells. Cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria. How does energy get to cells? How do cells use energy? Write your own ideas. 1
Section 8-1 Energy and Life Skim Section 1 of the chapter and make a list of three general ways in which cells use energy. 1. 2. 3. Use your book or dictionary to define metabolism. metabolism Use your book or dictionary to define each term. adenosine triphosphate Autotrophs & Heterotrophs What is the ultimate source of energy for all organisms on the planet? Where do plants get their energy? Where do animals get their energy? Chemical Energy & ATP Label each part of the ATP molecule illustrated below. 2
Section 8-1 Energy and Life Chemical Energy & ATP Model how ADP and ATP store energy by comparing them to the energy stored in a battery. Using Chemical Energy Organize three of your body s cell processes that require energy. Energy in Cell Processes SUMMARIZE Compare the storage capacity of ATP and glucose. How does the cell use each of these molecules to store energy? 3
Sections 8-2 & 8-3 Photosynthesis 1f. Usable energy is captured from sunlight by chloroplasts and is stored through the synthesis of sugar from carbon dioxide. Skim Sections 2 & 3 of the chapter. Write two questions that come mind from reading the headings and illustration captions. 1. 2. Use your book or dictionary to define carbohydrate and chloroplast. carbohydrate chloroplast Use your book or dictionary to define each term. photosynthesis chlorophyll thylakoid stroma light-dependent reactions NADP+ Calvin cycle 4
Sections 8-2 & 8-3 Photosynthesis 1f. Usable energy is captured from sunlight by chloroplasts and is stored through the synthesis of sugar from carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis Overview Write the equation for photosynthesis, then write a statement to describe the process in your own words. _ Label the reactions of photosynthesis, including the reactants and products of each reaction. Light and Pigments Why are light and chlorophyll needed for photosynthesis? Why do plants appear green? 5
Sections 8-2 & 8-3 Photosynthesis 1f. Usable energy is captured from sunlight by chloroplasts and is stored through the synthesis of sugar from carbon dioxide. Inside a Chloroplast Model a chloroplast. Labeling the stroma, thylakoids, and grana. Electron Carriers Summarize the role of electron carriers in photosynthesis. Create an analogy to describe their function. Light-Dependent Reactions Identify the inputs, outputs, and location of light-dependent reactions. Inputs Outputs Location Summarize the light-dependent reactions. 6
Sections 8-2 & 8-3 Photosynthesis 1f. Usable energy is captured from sunlight by chloroplasts and is stored through the synthesis of sugar from carbon dioxide. The Calvin Cycle Identify the inputs, outputs, and location of the Calvin cycle. Inputs Outputs Location How do the events in the Calvin cycle depend on the light-dependent reactions? Factors Affecting Photosynthesis Identify three factors that affect the rate at which photosynthesis occurs. Factors that Affect the Rate of Photosynthesis SUMMARIZE Explain the results of the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. 7
Section 9-1 & 9-2 Cellular Respiration 1g. The role of the mitochondria in making stored chemical-bond energy available to cells by completing the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide. Scan the headings, illustrations, and captions in Sections 1 and 2 of the chapter. Write three facts that you discover about cellular respiration. 1. 2. 3. Use your book or dictionary to define mitochondrion. mitochondrion Read the definitions below and write the correct vocabulary term in the blank. process that releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen stage of cellular respiration in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen metabolic process that requires oxygen process in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid; forms a net profit of 2 ATP series of proteins in which the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle are used to convert ADP to ATP metabolic process that does not require oxygen electron carrier involved in cellular respiration 8
Section 9-1 & 9-2 Cellular Respiration 1g. The role of the mitochondria in making stored chemical-bond energy available to cells by completing the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide. Cellular Respiration Overview Write the equation for cellular respiration, then write a statement to describe the process in your own words. _ Label the numbered portions of the cellular respiration diagram in the space provided. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 9
Section 9-1 & 9-2 Cellular Respiration 1g. The role of the mitochondria in making stored chemical-bond energy available to cells by completing the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide. Glycolysis/ Krebs Cycle/ Electron Transport Identify the inputs, outputs, and location of each of the stages of cellular respiration. Inputs Outputs Location Word Parts glyco = lysis = Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Summarize the role of electron carriers in cellular respiration. The Totals Compare the number of ATP molecules produced in each stage of cellular respiration. Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport What happens to the energy of glucose that is not used to make ATP 10 molecules?
Section 9-1 & 9-2 Cellular Respiration 1g. The role of the mitochondria in making stored chemical-bond energy available to cells by completing the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide. Fermentation What is fermentation? Sequence the events that lead to fermentation in aerobic organisms. Cause... Fermentation follows... Fermentation is needed to... Energy and Exercise Identify three sources of ATP a human body uses at the beginning of a race. Compare and contrast quick and long-term energy supplies. Quick Energy Long-Term Energy Why do runners breathe heavily after a race? 11
Section 9-1 & 9-2 Cellular Respiration 1g. The role of the mitochondria in making stored chemical-bond energy available to cells by completing the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide. Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration in a Venn diagram. Use the following terms/phrases. Calvin cycle oxygen carbon dioxide Krebs cycle mitochondrion ATP releases energy chloroplasts electron transport high-energy electron carriers glycolysis light-dependent reactions glucose absorbs energy Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration SUMMARIZE Clarify the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. 12
Vocabulary Review Match the vocabulary term to its definition. 1. photosynthesis 2. chlorophyll 3. pigment 4. adenosine triphosphate 5. thylakoid 6. stroma 7. Calvin cycle 8. light-dependent reactions 9. glycolysis 10. fermentation 11. cellular respiration 12. Krebs cycle 13. anaerobic 14. electron transport 15. aerobic A. pathway that releases energy from food in the absence of oxygen B. the basic energy source of cells C. region of the chloroplast outside the thylakoid membrane D. high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH 2 are used to convert ADP to ATP E. requires oxygen F. process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen G. process in which plants use the energy of sunlight to make highenergy carbohydrates H. principal pigment of plants I. reactions that use ATP and NADPH to produce high-energy sugars J. does not require oxygen K. light-absorbing molecule L. saclike photosynthetic membranes in chloroplasts M. process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid N. reactions that produce oxygen gas and convert ADP and NADP + into the energy carriers ATP and NADPH O. pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energyextracting reactions Review the concepts/vocabulary of the sections by answering the following questions. 16. What is released when the chemical bond is broken between the second and third phosphates of an ATP molecule? 17. How many ATP molecules can the cell produce from a single molecule of glucose through glycolysis? 18. How many ATP molecules can the cell produce from a single molecule of glucose through the complete process of cellular respiration? _ 19. Write the equation for photosynthesis. 20. Write the equation for cellular respiration. 21. Write the equation for alcohol fermentation. 13