Biology Final Study for Multiple Choice Questions USE YOUR STUDY GUIDES & NOTES!!! Be able to explain, de<ine, & give examples for appropriate terms. Test 1 Ch. 1 (10 Qs) Vocab & Concepts Goals of science Controlled experiment Experiment Law Microscope Diagrams! Theory Characteristics of living things What are the goals of science? What do scientists use to generate a What two things must an EXPERIMENT What are the characteristics of living What are the steps of the Scienti<ic What are the levels of organization? Covaelent & Ionic Bonds Isotopes & Ions ph Levels acidic levels o basic levels o Diagrams Figure 1 Table Diagram) Molecules Atomic mass (mass #), Atomic number, element name B Figure 2 Parts of a Microscope hypothesis? have in order to be reliable? things? Method? Test 2 Ch. 2 (12 Qs + Element Vocab & Concepts The mass number is the sum of what? The atomic mass is equal to the number of what? What does the nucleus consist of? What is the difference between an element and a compound? What is a substance made up of only one kind of atom? What is a substance made of a combination of two elements? An isotope of an element, changes in number of what? The element, nitrogen has how many protons & neutrons? The isotope of nitrogen - 8 has how many protons & neutrons? C Characteristics and examples of macromolecules (lipids, proteins, nucleic acids,)
If an element has a total of 7 electrons, how many electrons does it need to be stable? What if the element has 9 total electrons? What is the difference between an isotope and an ion? What do covalent bonds create? What do ionic bonds create? What kind of bond is created when two elements share electrons? What kind of bond is created when electrons are transferred? When would an atom have a negative charge? Positive charge? What is the difference between single & double bonds? And how many pairs of electrons are there for each? What ph levels are considered basic? Acidic? An acid produces what kind of ions in a solution? A base? What are 2 examples of an acid? 2 examples of a base? What can an acid be neutralized by? What are the two major groups of carbohydrates? What are 3 examples of lipids? What is the function of proteins? What are the two basic groups of nucleic acids? What is the name of the sugar that is in DNA? RNA? What is the purpose of nucleic acids? Using the <igure below, name the element, the appropriate atomic number, the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons, as well as the mass number for each element. There will be other elements given in this format. Element Atomic Number Diagram Protons Neutrons Electrons Mass Number 1 1 1 Test 3 Ch. 7 (18 Qs) Passive transport Diffusion Facilitated diffusion Osmosis Active diffusion Exocytosis Endocytosis Phagocytosis Pinocytosis Isotonic solution Hypertonic solution hypotonic solutions Know functions/descriptions for all organelles Label all organelles for animal & plant cell Who is given credit for discovering and naming cells? The <irst cells were made of what? Who was given credit for inventing the <irst compound microscope? What are the three main ideas of the cell theory? What are the levels of organization? What parts of the cell are examples of organelles and what parts of the cell are not? What is a solution that has the same amount of concentration of solutes as a living cell? Mitochondria provide the cell with what? What do prokaryotes lack that eukaryotes have? What are examples of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
What is diffusion? What is osmosis? What is the difference between active transport and passive transport? Diagrams Test 4 Ch. 8 (5 Qs) Autotrophs heterotrophs Photosynthesis What are differences between autrotrophs and heterotrophs? What are examples of autotrophs? Heterotrophs? Describe light- dependent reactions and light- independent reactions? What are the main parts of an ATP molecule? What is the equation for photosynthesis? What components are needed, are used, and are produced in photosynthesis? Test 5 Ch. 10,11 (22Qs) Cell Division Interphase G1 phase S phase G2 phase M phase Mitosis cytokinesis principle of dominance codominance incomplete dominance Genes alleles What is the process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called? What happens in the S phase? What happens in the G1 phase? What are the steps of mitosis in order? What happens in each step of mitosis? What step do the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell? In what step does the cell begin to split into two daughter cells? What did Mendel use to study the inheritance of traits? What are the four principle s that Mendel summarized? What is the difference between heterozygous and homozygous? Give an example. Mendel used pea plants to study what? What does the principle of dominance state?
What does the principle of segregation state? What does the principle of independent assortment state? In what case would a plant have the same phenotype but different genotype? What is an allele? What is codominance? What is incomplete dominance? Diagrams Test 6 Ch. 11- Meiosis (7 Qs) Gametes Crossing Over Gamete formation for males, females Steps in Meiosis What do both steps of meiosis I and meiosis II have in common? Which meiosis produces diploid cells? haploid cells? In which meiosis does chromosome replication occur? In which meiosis are there tetrads? How many diploid/haploid cells are produced in meiosis I and meiosis II respectively? If an organism has 2N=16, what is N=? If the body cells of humans contain 46 chromosomes, a single sperm cell should have how many? During meiosis, the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of what? Compared to egg cells formed during meiosis, daughter cells formed during mitosis are what? In many female animals, meiosis results in the production of what 4 cells? The formation of a tetrad occurs during which phase? How many alleles do gametes have for each gene? How many chromosomes are in a tetrad? Possible Essay Questions Write answers on another sheet of paper for more room. What is the difference between a scienti<ic theory and a scienti<ic law? How do light microscopes differ from electron microscopes? Can a theory change over time? Explain your answer. How would one determine whether something was living or nonliving? List the steps of the scienti<ic method. List all the characteristics of life. Name the levels in order from largest to smallest. Compare protons, electrons, and neutrons with respect to location, and electric charge. Describe the similarities and differences between a solution, and suspension give an example of each. Differentiate between a covalent bond and an ionic bond. Compare and Contrast the structures of an animal and plant cell.
Differentiate between a prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell. What are two types of active transport? Explain the difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis. Differentiate between genotypes and phenotypes and give an example of each. Differentiate between the Law of Dominance, Incomplete Dominance and Codominance and give an example of each. Differentiate between mitosis and meiosis.