Thanks to all Contributors

Thanks to all Contributors

High Gradient versus High Field Dr. José Miguel Jiménez CERN Technology Department Head CERN-Spain Liaison Officer 2

Main topics A worldwide success? Full exploitation of the LHC as Top Priority! HL-LHC: more than an HEP Project? A vibrant R&D to prepare its future! Uniqueness of its infrastructures as an asset! 3

A worldwide success? RF Gymnastics and Beam Physics as driving factors 4

A worldwide success? Amongst the major accelerator complex worldwide! Video: Cadena de aceleradores del CERN 5

A worldwide success? With a wide diversity in technologies! LINAC2 PS Booster Proton Synchrotron Super Proton Synchrotron LINAC3 Large Hadron Collider LHC straight section LEIR LHC Magnet Coil Superconductor strand 6

A worldwide success? And an amazing flagship accelerator: the LHC! LHCb CMS ATLAS Exploring new energy frontiers with p-p and Pb-Pb collisions LHC ring: 27 km circumference ALICE 7

A worldwide success? And detectors amongst major instruments of Humanity! ATLAS 8

A worldwide success? Amongst the major accelerator complex worldwide! 9

Full exploitation of the LHC as Top Priority! Three main scientific pillars Full exploitation of the LHC: successful Run 2, LS2, and Run 3 start-up. Upgrade of LHC Injectors; on-track construction of HL-LHC. Scientific diversity programme serving a broad community: ongoing experiments and facilities at Booster, PS, SPS and their upgrades. participation in accelerator-based neutrino through CERN Neutrino Platform. Preparation of CERN s future: vibrant accelerator R&D programme exploiting CERN s strengths and uniqueness. design studies for future accelerators: CLIC, FCC (includes HE-LHC). future opportunities of diversity programme: Physics Beyond Colliders. Important milestone: update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (ESPP) in 2019-2020. 10

Full exploitation of the LHC as Top Priority! Try to improve 2016 s excellent availability Remarkable availability: Increased operational efficiency Enhanced system availability New pre-cycle strategy Non-availability of beams from the injector complex is the largest source of LHC downtime [31%] Pre-cycle 2% [4%] Downtime 26% Operation 23% [32%] Stable Beams 49% [33%] [2015-25 ns Run] 11

Full exploitation of the LHC as Top Priority! Completed all maintenance and consolidations (EYETS) The duration of the EYETS is 21weeks from Monday 5 th Dec. 2016 to Sunday 30 th Apr. 2017 (including HWC & Machine checkout) => 17 weeks of works for the LHC Machine 12

HL-LHC: more than an HEP Project? Vectors of technology! 14

HL-LHC: more than an HEP Project? Vectors of technology! Engineering around while operating First Crab Cavity, type Double Quarter Wave made at CERN 15

HL-LHC: more than an HEP Project? Vectors of technology! Nb 3 Sn High Field Magnets 16

A vibrant R&D on breakthrough technologies! Vectors of technology! Novel approaches against radiation Cooling & ventilation Safe room Transformers Ventilation & smokeextraction ducts Cold box 17

Centre-of-mass collision energy (GeV) A vibrant R&D on breakthrough technologies! Fundamental role of Colliders 100000 10000 1000 100 10 1 Hadron Colliders Electron-Proton Colliders Lepton Colliders Heavy Ion Colliders SPEAR ISR DORIS ADONE VEPP 2 PRIN-STAN SppS PETRA PEP CESR Tevatron HERA SLC LEP II TRISTAN RHIC LHC p-p LHC lead-lead Colliders with superconducting RF system Colliders with superconducting arc magnet system Colliders with superconducting magnet & RF 0.1 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 Year 18

A vibrant R&D on breakthrough technologies! European Strategy High Energy Frontiers For physics beyond the LHC and beyond the Standard Model, under study (synergy of): Linear e + e - colliders (CLIC, ILC) E CM up to 3 TeV Circular e + e - colliders (CepC, FCC-ee) E CM up to 400 GeV - limited by e synchrotron radiation. Ideal for precision measurements Circular p-p colliders (SppC, FCC) E CM up to 100 TeV Ideal for discoveries at higher energy frontiers 19

today A vibrant R&D on breakthrough technologies! Time plays against HEP Physics FCC* Study : p-p towards 100 TeV Approved Project Reviewed version of CLIC CDR 21

A vibrant R&D on breakthrough technologies! Industrialization of the superconducting magnets 22

A vibrant R&D on breakthrough technologies! Vectors of technology! the Future Circular Collider (FCC) Geneva PS LHC SPS LHC 27 km, 8.33 T 14 TeV (c.o.m.) 1300 tons NbTi HE-LHC baseline 27 km, 16 T 26 TeV (c.o.m.) 2500 tons Nb 3 Sn FCC-hh baseline 100 km, 16 T 100 TeV (c.o.m.) 10000 tons Nb 3 Sn FCC-hh 80 km, 20 T 100 TeV (c.o.m.) 2000 tons HTS 8000 tons LTS 23

A vibrant R&D on breakthrough technologies! Vectors of technology! the Future Circular Collider (FCC) Nb 3 Sn is one of the major cost & performance factors for FCC-hh and is given highest attention Main development goals until 2020: J c increase (16T, 4.2K) > 1500 A/mm 2 i.e. 50% increase wrt HL-LHC wire Reference wire diameter 1 mm Potentials for large scale production and cost reduction 5400 mm 2 3150 mm 2 ~1.7 times less SC ~10% margin HL-LHC ~10% margin FCC ultimate 24

A vibrant R&D on breakthrough technologies! Vectors of technology! the Future Circular Collider (FCC) 25

A vibrant R&D on breakthrough technologies! Vectors of technology! the Future Circular Collider (FCC) 26

A vibrant R&D on breakthrough technologies! Vectors of technology! the Future Circular Collider (FCC) Persistent Currents B Field dependence of J C Anisotropy Vector hysteresis +J C J C Shielding currents Courtesy of S. Russenschuck and S. Izquierdo-Bermudez 27

A vibrant R&D on breakthrough technologies! Vectors of technology! the Future Circular Collider (FCC) 28

Courtesy of J. Van Nugteren

A vibrant R&D on breakthrough technologies! Vectors of technology! the Future Circular Collider (FCC) 30

A vibrant R&D on breakthrough technologies! Vectors of technology! the Future Circular Collider (FCC) Beam Screen deformation due to Quench 31

A vibrant R&D on breakthrough technologies! Vectors of technology! the Future Circular Collider (FCC) 32

100m INJECTION TUNNEL A vibrant R&D on breakthrough technologies! Vectors of technology! the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) e+ INJECTION DESCENT TUNNEL e- INJECTION DESCENT TUNNEL COMBINER RINGS DRIVE BEAM INJECTOR BYPASS TUNNEL DRIVE BEAM LOOPS DAMPING RINGS INTERACTION REGION MAIN BEAM INJECTOR 1km DRIVE BEAM DUMPS TURN AROUND Limestones Moraines Molasse Sands and gravels CLIC SCHEMATIC (not to scale) e- SIDE LHC e+ SIDE FRANCE SWITZERLAND 33

A vibrant R&D on breakthrough technologies! Vectors of technology! the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) 34

A vibrant R&D on breakthrough technologies! Vectors of technology! the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) 35

A vibrant R&D on breakthrough technologies! Vectors of technology! the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) Technical Developments are now quite mature: Key components for system-tests: magnets, instrumentation, modules. Critical for machine performance: alignment, stabilization, damping ring studies. Cost or power reduction: magnets, klystrons, modules. 36

Uniqueness of its infrastructures as an asset! CERN: a peculiar and successful model! 37

Uniqueness of its infrastructures as an asset! CERN: a peculiar and successful model! Cryogenic Magnet Test Facility 38

Uniqueness of its infrastructures as an asset! CERN: a peculiar and successful model! 39

Uniqueness of its infrastructures as an asset! CERN: a peculiar and successful model! Large Magnet Facility 40

CERN response to its challenges LHC has a lot to deliver, only 2% of its potential so far! Physicists and Theoreticians will continue analysing data till 2024. Accelerator and Detector experts will be preparing the: HL-LHC upgrade Technology breakthrough needed for the future generation of high intensity and energy beams towards discovery frontiers Its vigorous scientific diversity program will complete the needed global picture in Basic Science Letting Physic s results telling us the way to go and the relevant priorities! 41

Thanks for your attention Accelerating Science and Innovation