Types of Volcanoes Key Concept: Tectonic plate motions can result in volcanic activity at plate boundaries.
Volcanoes
How do volcanoes work?
How do volcanoes work? Magma is forced onto Earth s surface. It dries and hardens, this happens many times over thousands of years. Eventually a mountain called a volcano is formed.
Most volcanoes share a specific set of features. The magma that feeds the eruptions pools deep underground in a structure called a magma chamber. At Earth s surface, lava is released through openings called vents. Flowing lava in the interior travels through long, pipelike structures known as lava tubes. Parts of a Volcano
Where do most volcanoes occur? Volcanoes occur at both divergent and convergent boundaries and also at hot spots.
Basaltic magma rises to Earth s surface through these fissures and erupts non explosively ( it flows out as runny lava) Volcanoes at Divergent Boundaries At a divergent boundary, the lithosphere becomes thinner as two plates pull away from each other. A set of deep cracks form in an area called a rift zone. Hot mantle rock rises to fill these cracks. As the rock rises, a decrease in pressure causes hot mantle rock to melt and form magma. The magma that reaches Earth s surface is called lava.
Types of volcanoes
Cinder cone volcano Smallest type of volcano Most common Made from pyroclastic material (material shot out of a volcano) Form a large crater form from explosive eruptions, very steep.
Shield volcano: usually form at hot spots, Form from many layers of runny lava. Very wide, not to steep. Biggest type of volcanoes Tallest mountain in the world is Mauna Kea (measures from sea floor to top) non explosive eruptions kilauea
Mauna Kea, Hawaii
Composite volcano: Eruptions alternate between explosive and non-explosive. Sometimes they have runny lava layers, other times the have pyroclastic materials form layers. Have a wide base and steep sides. Have a crater Mount Fuji
mt fuji Mount Fuji
2 Types of eruptions Explosive: volcanoes that build enough pressure to blow its top, sending pyroclastic material into the air. Non explosive: Build only enough pressure to allow lava to run down its sides.
Non explosive eruption Mafic: refers to rocks and magma rich in iron and magnesium. This type of lava that is very runny. As magma nears the surface there is little pressure, causing gasses escape easily. Magma low in Silica have quiet eruptions
Explosive eruptions Felsic: means magma with high silica and feldspar content. Felsic magma traps water and gas bubbles, which leads to lots of pressure. Silica acts like a cork Explosive eruptions are caused by a build up of high pressure. Convergent zones contain lots of water, therefore have explosive eruptions.
Pyroclastic materials Material that is thrown into the air during an explosion. Volcanic bombs: large blobs of magma that harden in the air. Lapilli: pebble size rocks Volcanic ash: tiny powder like material
Four types of lava Aa: lava that is thick and sharp Pahoehoe: lava that forms thin crust and wrinkles Pillow lava: lava that erupts under water, has a round shape Blocky lava: cooler, lava that does not travel far from eruption, jagged when it dries.
Aa lava that is thick and sharp
lava that forms thin crust and wrinkles Pahoehoe:
lava that erupts under water, has a round shape Pillow lava
cooler, lava that does not travel far from eruption, jagged when it dries. Blocky lava