通量数据质量控制的理论与方法 理加联合科技有限公司

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通量数据质量控制的理论与方法 理加联合科技有限公司

通量变量 Rn = LE + H + G (W m -2 s -1 ) 净辐射 潜热 感热 地表热 通量 通量 通量 通量 Fc (mg m -2 s -1 ) 二氧化碳通量 τ [(kg m s -1 ) m -2 s -1 ] 动量通量

质量控制 1. 概率统计方法 2. 趋势法 3. 大气物理依据 4. 测定实地诊断 5. 仪器物理依据 ' w ww w

数据插补. 坐标旋转修正.

质量评估 1. 通量源区 (footprint, 源迹或足源 ) 2. 通量理论评估 ( 稳定性要求和相似性理论 ) 3. 通量测定数据的质量分级

质量控制 : 概率统计方法去野点 ' w ww w Rebmann et al. (2012) 第 1 步 w w 35. 0. 3 ( 11) j1i j1 j w j1i 是野点 w jki jk jk i j j n w w n w 2 第 2 步 w w 35. 0. 3 ( 2 1) j2i j2 j2 w j2i 是野点 第 3 步 w w 35. 0. 3 ( 3 1) j3i j3 j2 w j3i 是野点

质量控制 : 趋势法去野点 Schmid et al. (2000) 1. 用指数过滤函数计算点对点自相关, 计算自相关系数 2. 用自相关系数, 从以前时间序列数中计算出实验数 (w ti ) 3. 用自相关系数和当前数 (w i ) 计算出标准差 (σ i ) w w D D i ti i 33. ~ 4. 9 w i 为野点

质量控制 : 大气物理依据 1. 水平风速 < 30 m/s 2. 近地面层垂直风速 <5 m/s 3. ( 超声温度 当前月平均温度 ) < 20 o C 4. 能量闭合 LE R n H G 0. 8

质量控制 : 大气物理依据 LE > H 水面和湿地, 晴天 LE< H 沙地与荒漠, 晴天

质量控制 : 仪器物理依据 超声报警 幅度低 (sonic_amp_l_flg) 幅度高 (sonic_amp_h_flg) 非可靠信号 (sonic_sig_lck_flg) 温度差 (sonic_del_t_flg) 信号获得 (sonic_aq_sig_flg) 标定信息 (sonic_cal_err_flg)

红外气体分析仪报警 非可靠信号 irga_bad_data_flg bad data warning 总错误 irga_gen_fault_flg General fault warning 启动 irga_startup_flg Starting up warning 电机速度 irga_motor_spd_flg Motor speed out of bounds warning flag 电冷 irga_tec_tmpr_flg Thermoelectric cooler temp out of bounds warning 光源能量 irga_src_pwr_flg Source power out of bounds warning 光源温度 irga_src_tmpr_flg Source temperature out of bounds warning 光源电流 irga_src_curr_flg Source current out of bounds warning 未供电 irga_off_flg Analyzer is powered down 脉冲协调 irga_sync_flg Non-synchronized with home pulse warning CO2 测定光强 irga_co2_i_flg CO2 I out of bounds warning CO2 参考光强 irga_co2_io_flg CO2 Io out of bounds warning H2O 测定光强 irga_h2o_i_flg H2O I out of bounds warning H2O 参考光强 irga_h2o_io_flg H2O Io out of bounds warning CO2 参考光滑动方差 irga_co2_io_var_flg CO2 Io moving variation out of bounds warning H2O 参考光滑动方差 irga_h2o_io_var_flg H2O Io moving variation out of bounds warning CO2 信号强度 irga_co2_sig_strgth_flg CO2 signal strength warning H2O 信号强度 irga_h2o_sig_strgth_flg H2O signal strength warning 标定信息 irga_cal_err_flg Calibration data signature error 加热器 irga_htr_ctrl_off_flg Heater control disabled by EC100

辅助传感器报警 测定环境气温 irga_amb_tmpr_flg 测定环境气压 irga_amb_press_f Invalid ambient temperature warning Invalid ambient pressure warning

DataTable (comp_mean, TRUE, 1) DataInterval (0, OUTPUT_INTERVAL, Min, 1) Average (1, amb_tmpr, IEEE4, irga_amb_tmpr_f) Average (1, RH, IEEE4, (irga_disable_f OR sonic_disable_f OR (H2O <0) OR irga_amb_press_f) ) Average (1, e_sat, IEEE4, (irga_disable_f OR sonic_disable_f OR (H2O <0) OR irga_amb_press_f) ) Average (1, e, IEEE4, (irga_disable_f OR sonic_disable_f OR (H2O <0) OR irga_amb_press_f) ) Average (1, amb_press, IEEE4, irga_amb_press_f) Average (1, rho_d, IEEE4, (irga_disable_f OR sonic_disable_f OR (H2O <0)) ) Average (1, rho_a, IEEE4, (irga_disable_f OR sonic_disable_f OR (H2O <0)) ) Average (1, Tc, IEEE4, (irga_disable_f OR sonic_disable_f OR (H2O <0) OR irga_amb_press_f) ) EndTable 平均值计算中的野点去除

风速与超声温度变量之间协方差计算中的野点去除 数组元素排列 : Ts, Ux, Uy, Uz DataTable (comp_cov_3d, TRUE, 1) DataInterval (0, OUTPUT_INTERVAL, Min, 1) 'Compute Ux mean and covariance of Ux with Ux, Uy, and Uz from CSAT data. Average (1, Ux, IEEE4, sonic_disable_f ) Covariance (3, Ux, IEEE4, sonic_disable_f, 3 ) UxUx, UxUy, and UxUz 'Compute Uy mean and covariance of Uy with, Uy, Uz from CSAT data. Average (1, Uy, IEEE4, sonic_disable_f) Covariance (2, Uy, IEEE4, sonic_disable_f, 2) UyUy and UyUz 'Compute Uz mean and covariance of Uz with Uz from CSAT data. Average (1, Uz, IEEE4, sonic_disable_f) Covariance (1, Uz, IEEE4, sonic_disable_f, 1) UzUz 'Compute Ts mean and covariance of Ts with Ts, Ux, Uy, and Uz from CSAT data. Average (1,Ts, IEEE4, sonic_disable_f) Covariance (4,Ts, IEEE4, sonic_disable_f, 4) TsTs, TsUx, TsUy, TsUz WindVector (1,Uy, Ux, IEEE4, sonic_disable_f, 0, 1, 2) EndTable

CO2 与风速之间协方差计算中的野点去除 数组元素排列 : CO2, Ux, Uy, Uz DataTable (comp_cov_co2, TRUE, 1) DataInterval (0, OUTPUT_INTERVAL, Min, 1) Average (1, CO2, IEEE4, irga_bad_data_flg) Covariance (4, CO2, IEEE4, (sonic_disable_f OR irga_bad_data_flg), 4) CO2CO2, CO2Ux, CO2Uy, CO2Uz EndTable

H2O 与风速之间协方差计算中的野点去除 数组元素排列 : H2O, Ux, Uy, Uz DataTable (comp_cov_h2o, TRUE, 1) DataInterval (0, OUTPUT_INTERVAL, Min, 1) Average (1, H2O, IEEE4, (irga_bad_data_flg OR (H2O<0)) ) Covariance (4, H2O, IEEE4, (sonic_disable_f OR irga_bad_data_flg OR (H2O<0)) ),4) H2OH2O, H2OUx, H2OUy, H2OUz EndTable

超声感热通量订正 Schotanus et al. (1983) Dijk (2002) T T 1 051. q s ' ' ' T T ( 1 0. 51q ) 0. 51q T s s ' ' ' ' ' w T w T ( 1 0. 51q ) 0. 51w q T s ' s

w ' T '

质量评估 : 通量源区 (footprint, 源迹或足源 ) 通量足源在测定目标区的累计 ( 积分 ) 量, 即所测通量来自于测定目标区的百分数

Footprint Dis Intrst <60 or >300 60 and 170 >170 and <190 190 and <300

F( 0, 0, z ) F x, y, 0 f x, y, z dxdy m 0 m

,, f x y z K z dc x, y, z dz

a z d L b u c z d m m. /... * 200 1 0 2 1 m F X k X k k k X k k k * * * * ( ) exp 1 4 3 2 4 3 2 1 X u x z w a * * 1 F u z h zf x z w a y * *, 2 1 1 Kljun et al (2004) 通量源区模型 Buckingham П method see Stull (1988)

p R 100 f ( x, z) dx F y R R k 4 R k 4 4 u* k z w a 1

Kormann and Meixner (2001) 通量足源模型 f y m1 r 1 z z x, z exp, 1 x x r 2 m n m r 1. u( z) Uz K( z) kz m n U kr 2

p F R z 100 m1 lim R 1 x x0 0x 1 r z exp x dx

数据质量分级 R p 95%? F

数据质量分级 1. 时序非稳定性 2. 综合湍流特征吻合性 3. 表达超声风速仪坐标系的风向

时序非稳定性的度量 6 1 ri i RN 6 cov 100 1 sw s w s w r r

综合湍流特征 (Kaimal & Finnigan 1994)

综合湍流特征吻合性的度量 a. 动量变量 ITC 100 ITC _mod el ITC ' u * 2 _mod el r measured ITC _mod el c c z f ln c 0. 200 z / L 0. 400 u 1 2 * 1 z L c 2 z / L 0. 200

a. 温度变量 ITC T 100 ITC ITC T T _mod el * T 2 T _mod el r measured T * T w u * ITC c T _mod el T1 z L c T 2

数据质量分级 相对时序非稳定变性, 相对综合湍流特征的非吻合性和超声系统风向的数据质量分级 [ 由 Foken et al. (2012) 表 4.4 简化而来 ] 综合湍流特征时序非稳定变性非吻合性 Foken et al. (2012) Foken et al. (2012) 模型 2.3 模型 2.3 级 范围 (%) 级 范围 (%) 级 范围 1 ( 高 ) [0, 15) 1 ( 高 ) [0, 15) 1 ( 高 ) 2 [15, 30) 2 [15, 30) 2 风向 ( 定义在超声坐标系 ) 3 [30, 50) 3 [30, 50) 3 ( 低 ) 4 [50, 75) 4 [50, 75) 5 [75, 100) 5 [75, 100) 6 [100, 250) 6 [100, 250) 7 [250, 500) 7 [250, 500) 8 [500, 1000) 8 [500, 1000) 9 ( 低 ) >1,000%* 9 ( 低 ) >1,000%

综合相对时序非稳定变性, 相对综合湍流特征的非吻合性和超声系统风向的数据质量总分级 [ 由 Foken et al. (2012) 表 4.4 简化而来 ] 总质量 等级 RN cov ITC sw wnd_dir_sonic 时序非稳定变性综合湍流特征非吻合性风向 1 ( 高 ) 1 1-2 1 2 2 1-2 1 3 1 2 3-4 1 4 3 4 1-2 1 5 1 4 3-5 1 6 5 5 2 7 6 6 2 8 7 8 7 8 2 9 ( 低 ) 9 9 3

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