New targets for enhancing pb nuclear fusion reaction at the PALS facility Lorenzo Giuffrida Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i (FZU), ELI- Beamlines project, Prague, Czech Republic
Summary pb history and some literature results; pb triggered by laser experiments @ PALS; How to increase the alpha rate? Applications; Conclusions.
pb history and some literature results; pb triggered by laser experiments @ PALS; How to increase the alpha rate? Applications; Conclusions.
11 B (p, a) 2a: some history Cross Section (mb) First investigation in the 1930s: Oliphant &.Rutherford, L. Proc. R. Soc. London A 141 (1933) 259 10 3 W. Buck (1983) H.W. Becker (1987) R.E. Segel (1965) 10 2 10 1 10 0 11 B + p 3a + 8.7 MeV Maximum cross section: 675 kev (p) Main channel: a energy of 2-6 MeV (maximum @ ~4 MeV) 10-1 0,1 1 10 Centre of Mass Energy (MeV) From G.A.P. Cirrone et al. Scientific Reports. Vol. 8, Article number: 1141(2018) Secondary channel: a energy of 6 10 MeV
11 B (p, a) 2a: some history Cross Section (mb) First investigation in the 1930s: Oliphant &.Rutherford, L. Proc. R. Soc. London A 141 (1933) 259 10 3 W. Buck (1983) H.W. Becker (1987) R.E. Segel (1965) 10 2 Low proton energy 10 1 Neutronless reaction 10 0 11 B + p 33a alphas 10 + 8.7 MeV generated -1 0,1 1 10 Centre of Mass Energy (MeV) Maximum cross section: 675 kev (p) Main channel: a energy of 2-6 MeV (maximum @ ~4 MeV) Secondary channel: a energy of 6 10 MeV From G.A.P. Cirrone et al. Scientific Reports. Vol. 8, Article number: 1141(2018)
11 B (p, a) 2a triggered by laser First experiment with laser V. S. Belyaev et al., Phys Rev E 72 (2005) Laser characteristics Energy: 10-12 J Pulse duration: 1.5 ps Laser intensity: 2 10 18 W cm 2 Target Thick target: 11 B+CH 2 (50% of 11 B)
11 B (p, a) 2a triggered by laser First experiment with laser V. S. Belyaev et al., Phys Rev E 72 (2005) a yield: ~10 3 /sr/pulse Laser characteristics Energy: 10-12 J Pulse duration: 1.5 ps Laser intensity: 2 10 18 W cm 2 Target Thick target: 11 B+CH 2 (50% of 11 B)
11 B (p, a) 2a triggered by laser First experiment with laser V. S. Belyaev et al., Phys Rev E 72 (2005) C. Labaune et al., Nature Comm. 4 2506 (2013) a yield: ~10 3 /sr/pulse Laser characteristics Energy: 10-12 J Pulse duration: 1.5 ps Laser intensity: 2 10 18 W cm 2 Target Thick target: 11 B+CH 2 (50% of 11 B) Laser characteristics ps-laser 20 J, 1 ps, 6 10 18 W cm 2 ns-laser 400 J, 1.5 ns, 6 10 14 W cm 2 Targets 20 mm Al interacting with the ns laser Thick nat B target
11 B (p, a) 2a triggered by laser First experiment with laser V. S. Belyaev et al., Phys Rev E 72 (2005) C. Labaune et al., Nature Comm. 4 2506 (2013) a yield: ~10 3 /sr/pulse a yield: ~10 7 /sr/pulse Laser characteristics Energy: 10-12 J Pulse duration: 1.5 ps Laser intensity: 2 10 18 W cm 2 Target Thick target: 11 B+CH 2 (50% of 11 B) Laser characteristics ps-laser 20 J, 1 ps, 6 10 18 W cm 2 ns-laser 400 J, 1.5 ns, 6 10 14 W cm 2 Targets 20 mm Al interacting with the ns laser Thick nat B target
First achievements @ PALS (Prague-CZ) Laser characteristics Energy: 600 J Pulse duration: 300 ps Laser intensity: 3 10 16 W cm 2 Diagnostics TP: Thomson Parabola spectrometer TOFs detectors Nuclear Track detectors, PM-355 or CR39: solid state nuclear track detectors 1. A. Picciotto et al., PRX 4, 031030 (2014) 2. D. Margarone et al., Plasma Phys. Control. Fusions 57 (2015) 014030
Yield [sr -1 ] Laser beam Thick SiHB target First achievements @ PALS TOF spectrum CR39 Boron conc:~10 22 at/cm 3 TP image CR39 3x10 8 2x10 8 1x10 8 0 4 6 8 10 Energy [MeV] TP spectrum 1. A. Picciotto et al., PRX 4, 031030 (2014) 2. D. Margarone et al., Plasma Phys. Control. Fusions 57 (2015) 014030
Yield [sr -1 ] Laser beam Thick SiHB target First achievements @ PALS TOF spectrum CR39 Boron conc:~10 22 at/cm 3 Maximum alpha yield: 10 9 /sr TP image o 10 6 times higher than Belyaev et al. o 100 times higher than Labaune et al. 3x10 8 CR39 Long laser pulse (ns-class), low contrast. 2x10 8 1x10 8 0 4 6 8 10 Energy [MeV] TP spectrum 1. A. Picciotto et al., PRX 4, 031030 (2014) 2. D. Margarone et al., Plasma Phys. Control. Fusions 57 (2015) 014030
pb history and some literature results; pb triggered by laser experiments @ PALS; How to increase the alpha rate? Applications; Conclusions.
Thick NB target Recent activities @ PALS New targets Thick NB targets Laser beam Laser characteristics Larger amount of B; B contained in all the targets; Commercially available; Thick target: no forward emission. Energy: 600 J Pulse duration: 300 ps Laser intensity: 3 10 16 W cm 2
TP SiC 21 SiC 0 Laser beam Lens Recent activities @ PALS Setup TOFs for proton and alpha energy distribution and dose/shot. TP for proton energy distribution (max energy is very important) and dose/shot. SiC 66 NB target CR39 mainly for alpha/shot and angular distribution
SiC @ 0 degs Recent activities @ PALS TOF measurements SiC @ 21 degs SiC @ 66 degs Alpha particle signal @ large angle. No ion signal @ large angles
dn/de Recent activities @ PALS 2.0x10 11 1.5x10 11 SiC@0degs SiC@21degs SiC@66degs 1.0x10 11 5.0x10 10 0.0 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 E a (MeV) 2 alpha particles groups: 2-5 MeV; 5-10 MeV
dn/de Recent activities @ PALS a/sr 2.0x10 11 1.5x10 11 SiC@0degs SiC@21degs SiC@66degs tot 4.0x10 11 2-5 5-10 N 3.5x10 11 a (TOT)=1.56*10 11 alphas N a (2-5 MeV)=6.7410 10 alphas 3.0x10 11 N a (5-10 MeV)=8.85*10 10 alphas 2.5x10 11 1.0x10 11 2.0x10 11 1.5x10 11 5.0x10 10 1.0x10 11 5.0x10 10 0.0 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 E a (MeV) 0.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 angle (degs) 2 alpha particles groups: 2-5 MeV; 5-10 MeV a yield: ~1.6*10 11 alphas/sr
dn/de Recent activities @ PALS TP measurements 50 40 measured data smoothed data 30 20 10 H + 0 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 proton energy, [MeV] Raw image from Thomson energy spectrometer Max proton energy below 1.5 MeV
Recent activities @ PALS CR39 measurements Picture of the experimental setup CR 39 placed at different angles and distances from the target
Recent activities @ PALS CR39 measurements Picture of the experimental setup CR39 covered with 10 mm Al filter CR 39 placed at different angles and distances from the target
Recent activities @ PALS CR39 measurements Picture of the experimental setup CR39 covered with 10 mm Al filter CR 39 placed at different angles and distances from the target a yield: ~2*10 11 alphas/sr
Recent activities @ PALS CR39 measurements Agreement with TOF results Picture of the experimental setup CR39 covered with 10 mm Al filter CR 39 placed at different angles and distances from the target a yield: ~2*10 11 alphas/sr
pb history and some literature results; pb triggered by laser experiments @ PALS; How to increase the alpha rate? Applications; Conclusions.
How to increase the pb fusion rate? kt B-fields by using coil targets interacting with ns class laser For more details see Fujioka S. et al. 2013 Scientific Reports 3, (2013) 1170 J.J. Santos et al., NJP Vo. 17, 2015 Cylindrical confinement by using kt level B-fields. H. Hora et al. / Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2 (2017)
How to increase the pb fusion rate? Solenoid system for confining the plasma after the laser-target interaction Sketch from F. Schillaci et al., AIP Advances 8, 025103 (2018) Spiral magnet to limit the magnetic forces on the target Sketch from M. De Marco et al., JINST Vol 13, May 2018
How to increase the pb fusion rate? Solenoid system for confining the plasma after the laser-target interaction Sketch from F. Schillaci et al., AIP Advances 8, 025103 (2018) Spiral magnet to limit the magnetic forces on the target Sketch from M. De Marco et al., JINST Vol 13, May 2018
pb history and some literature results; pb triggered by laser experiments @ PALS; How to increase the alpha rate? Applications; Conclusions.
Applications aneutronic fusion propulsion plants for Space deployment Ohlandt C et al., A Design Study of a p 11 B Gasdynamic Mirror Fusion Propulsion System, AIP Conference Proceedings, 654, 490 (2013). build an ultraclean nuclear-fusion reactor H. Hora et al. Energy Environ. Sci. 3, 479 (2010). Generating alpha-particles sources for multidisciplinary applications
Proton Boron Capture Therapy L. Giuffrida, D. Margarone, G. Korn, G. Cirrone, A. Picciotto: EPO Application (E16002) L. Giuffrida, D. Margarone, G. Cirrone, A. Picciotto, G. Cuttone, G. Korn: AIP Advances 6, 105204 (2016) G. Petringa et al., JINST, Vol. 12 (2017) G.A.P. Cirrone, et al., First experimental proof of Proton Boron Capture Therapy (PBCT) to enhance protontherapy effectiveness, Scientific Reports, vol 8: 1141 (2018)
Summary NB thick targets were successfully used for increasing the rate of the pb; TOF results are in good agreement with CR39 results; 2*10 11 alphas/sr were measured; External B-field of kt level could enhance the pb fusion rate; Experiments about the B-field generation for cylyndrical confinements are in progress.
Thanks for the attention For more information: Lorenzo.Giuffrida@eli-beams.eu