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Created by Bobbie Kalman For Magdalena and Otto, our favorite migrating couple, with love from Peter and Bobbie Author and Editor-in-Chief Bobbie Kalman Research John Crossingham Editor Kathy Middleton Proofreader Crystal Sikkens Design Bobbie Kalman Katherine Berti Samantha Crabtree (cover) Production coordinator Katherine Berti Illustrations Katherine Berti: pages 6, 18 Antoinette Cookie Bortolon: pages 14 (right), 15 (left), 31 (top) Bonna Rouse: pages 1, 27, 31 (middle) Margaret Amy Salter: pages 14 (left), 15 (right) Photographs BigStockPhoto.com: pages 15 (bottom right), 23 (except inset) Dreamstime.com: page 1 (middle) istockphoto.com: pages 20 (bottom), 23 (inset), 27 (bottom), 29 (top right) Shutterstock.com: front cover, pages 1 (except middle), 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 (right), 13, 14, 15 (except bottom right), 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27 (except bottom), 28, 29 (except top right), 30, 31 Wikimedia Commons: Bruce McAdam: page 12 (left) Other images by Digital Vision Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Kalman, Bobbie, 1947- Why do animals migrate? / Bobbie Kalman. (Big science ideas) Includes index. ISBN 978-0-7787-3283-9 (bound).--isbn 978-0-7787-3303-4 (pbk.) 1. Animal migration--juvenile literature. I. Title. II. Series: Kalman, Bobbie, 1947-. Big science ideas. QL754.K34 2009 j591.56'8 C2009-901256-1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kalman, Bobbie. Why do animals migrate? / Bobbie Kalman. p. cm. -- (Big science ideas) Includes index. ISBN 978-0-7787-3303-4 (pbk. : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-0-7787-3283-9 (reinforced library binding : alk. paper) 1. Animal migration--juvenile literature. I. Title. II. Series. QL754.K35 2009 591.56'8--dc22 2009008009 Company www.crabtreebooks.com 1-800-387-7650 Copyright 2009 CRABTREE PUBLISHING COMPANY. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or be transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Company. In Canada: We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program (BPIDP) for our publishing activities. Published in Canada 616 Welland Ave. St. Catharines, Ontario L2M 5V6 Published in the United States PMB16A 350 Fifth Ave., Suite 3308 New York, NY 10118 Published in the United Kingdom White Cross Mills High Town, Lancaster LA1 4XS Published in Australia 386 Mt. Alexander Rd. Ascot Vale (Melbourne) VIC 3032
Contents Where do animals live? 4 Seasons change 6 Leaving winter behind 8 Birds that migrate 10 Flying from pole to pole 12 Tiny wings fly far 14 Migration in the north 16 Looking for fresh grasses 18 Elephants on the move! 20 Migrating to lay eggs 22 Alligators on land 24 Sea turtle journeys 26 Migrating whales 28 How do they know? 30 Glossary and Index 32
Where do animals live? All animals have areas where they live. These areas are called habitats. In its habitat, an animal can find everything it needs to stay alive. It can find food, water, and shelter. Animal habitats are in forests, deserts, grasslands, and oceans. The sea turtle below lives in an ocean. 4
Climate An animal must be able to survive in the habitat s climate. Climate is the usual weather in an area. Weather is made up of wind, temperature, and precipitation. Precipitation is water that falls from clouds as rain or snow. This bear is getting soaked by rain. Reindeer live in northern areas, where winters are very cold. Snow is part of the weather. 5
Seasons change 6 North Pole equator South Pole This sloth lives in a tropical rain forest. Rain is falling on its fur. In some rain forests, it rains almost every day. Polar areas, which are near the North Pole and South Pole have long, cold winters and short, cool summers. Near the equator, the weather is always hot. The equator is an imaginary line around the middle of Earth. The hot areas near the equator are called tropical areas. Wet and dry seasons In many tropical areas, there are two main seasons. Seasons are periods of time with certain weather and temperatures. One season is the wet season. In the wet season, a lot of rain falls. The other season is the dry season. In the dry season, very little rain falls.