Appendix A. ICT Core Indicators: Definitions ICT indicator Fixed telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants Mobile cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants Fixed (wired) Internet subscriptions per 100 inhabitants Fixed (wired)-broadband Internet subscriptions per 100 inhabitants Definition Fixed-telephone subscriptions refers to the sum of active number of analogue fixed-telephone lines, voice-over-ip (VoIP) subscriptions, fixed wireless local loop (WLL) subscriptions, ISDN voice-channel equivalents and fixed public payphones Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions refers to the number of subscriptions to a public mobile-telephone service that provide access to the PSTN using cellular technology. The indicator includes (and is split into) the number of postpaid subscriptions, and the number of active prepaid accounts (i.e. that have been used during the last three months). The indicator applies to all mobile-cellular subscriptions that offer voice communications. It excludes subscriptions via data cards or USB modems, subscriptions to public mobile data services, private trunked mobile radio, telepoint, radio paging and telemetry services Fixed (wired) Internet subscriptions refers to the number of active fixed (wired) Internet subscriptions at speeds less than 256 kbit/s (such as dial-up and other fixed non-broadband subscriptions) and total fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions Refers to subscriptions to high-speed access to the public Internet (a TCP/IP connection), at downstream speeds equal to, or greater than, 256 kbit/s. This includes cable modem, DSL, fibre-to-the-home/ building and other fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions. This total is measured irrespective of the method of payment. It excludes subscriptions that have access to data communications (including the Internet) via mobile-cellular networks. It should exclude technologies listed under the wireless-broadband category (continued) # Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 E. Lechman, ICT Diffusion in Developing Countries, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-18254-4 247
248 Appendix A. ICT Core Indicators: Definitions ICT indicator Wireless-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants Proportion of individuals using Internet Definition Wireless-broadband subscriptions refers to the sum of satellite broadband, terrestrial fixed wireless broadband and active mobile-broadband subscriptions to the public Internet. The indicator refers to total active wireless-broadband Internet subscriptions using satellite, terrestrial fixed wireless or terrestrial mobile connections. Broadband subscriptions are those with an advertised download speed of at least 256 kbit/s. In the case of mobile-broadband, only active subscriptions are included (those with at least one access to the Internet in the last three months or with a dedicated data plan). The service can be standalone with a data card, or an add-on service to a voice plan. The indicator does not cover fixed (wired)-broadband or Wi-Fi subscriptions. Both residential and business subscriptions should be included. This is calculated by dividing wireless broadband subscriptions by the population and multiplying by 100 Refers to the proportion of individuals that used the Internet in the last 12 months. Data are based on surveys generally carried out by national statistical offices or estimated based on the number of Internet subscriptions Source: Derived directly from World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database 2013 (17th Edition) Note: Cited indicators were agreed as core ICT indicators during WSIS Thematic Meeting on Measuring the Information Society in Geneva (Switzerland) 79 February 2005. The list was discussed and adjusted during the meeting of Expert Group on Telecommunication/ICT Indicators that was held in Mexico City, on 23 December 2013
Appendix B. Core ICT Indicators. Low-Income and Lower-Middle-Income Economies. Years 1975 and 2012 # Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 E. Lechman, ICT Diffusion in Developing Countries, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-18254-4 249
250 Appendix B. Core ICT Indicators... Fixed telephone subscriptions a (100 per inhab.) Mobile cellular subscriptions b (100 per inhab.) In brackets first year of data availability 2012 Fixed internet subscriptions c (100 per inhab.) In brackets first year of data availability 2012 Fixed broadband subscriptions d (100 per inhab.) In brackets first year of data availability 2012 Wireless broadband subscriptions e (100 per inhab.) In brackets first year of data availability 2012 Internet users f (% of individuals) In brackets first year of data availability 2012 Country 1975 g 2012 Low income-economies Bangladesh 0.08 0.62 0.0002 (1992) 62.8 0.0008 (1997) 1.50 0.029 (2007) 0.39 0.042 (2009) 0.47 0.0007 (1997) 6.30 Benin 0.16 1.56 0.017 (1995) 83.7 0.029 (1999) 0.42 0.0002 (2002) 0.05 0.180 (2009) 0.37 0.0016 (1996) 3.80 Burkina 0.04 0.86 0.005 (1996) 60.6 0.008 (1997) 0.18 0.0004 (2002) 0.09 0.004 (2009) 0.004 0.0009 (1996) 3.73 Faso Cambodia n.a. 3.93 0.047 (1993) 128.5 0.02 (1999) 0.41 h 0.0003 (2002) 0.20 1.04 (2010) 6.73 0.0058 (1997) 4.94 Comoros 0.17 3.34 0.35 (2003) 39.5 0.06 (1999) 0.28 0.00017 (2004) 0.17 0.49 (2011) 0.85 0.037(1998) 5.98 Eritrea n.a. 0.98 0.42 (2004) 5.0 0.04 (2000) 0.02 0.0008 (2008) 0.002 0.001 (2012) 0.001 0.0090 (1997) 0.80 Ethiopia 0.14 0.87 0.01(1999) 22.4 0.002 (1997) 0.23 0.00007 (2003) 0.01 0.094 (2009) 4.45 0.0017 (1996) 1.48 Kenya 0.39 0.58 0.0004 (1992) 71.2 0.12 (2000) 0.16 0.01(2005) 0.10 0.010 (2009) 2.22 0.0088 (1996) 32.10 Madagascar n.a. 1.09 0.002 (1994) 39.4 0.02 (1998) 0.06 0.007(2006) 0.04 0.046 (2010) 0.32 0.0036 (1996) 2.05 Malawi 0.16 1.43 0.003 (1995) 29.2 0.003 (1997) 4.16 h 0.0005 (2003) 0.01 0.57 (2010) 3.46 0.0046 (1997) 4.35 Myanmar 0.08 1.05 0.001 (1993) 10.3 0.00004 (1999) 0.03 h 0.0004 (2005) 0.01 0.006 (2009) 0.03 0.00015 (1999) 1.07 Nepal 0.06 3.03 0.02 (1999) 59.6 0.04 (1999) 0.75 0.003 (2006) 0.48 23.7 (2012) 23.79 0.0045 (1996) 11.15 Niger 0.07 0.59 0.0009 (1997) 59.6 0.0009 (1999) 0.37 h 0.0006 (2004) 0.02 0.38 (2011) 0.57 0.001(1996) 1.41 Rwanda 0.05 0.39 0.06 (1998) 31.4 0.012 (2000) 0.03 0.012 (2004) 0.02 0.03 (2010) 3.22 0.0008 (1996) 8.02 Togo n.a. 0.93 0.06 (1997) 49.7 0.033 (1997) 0.63 0.0205 (2007) 0.11 0.40 (2010) 1.81 0.01(1996) 4.00 Uganda 0.19 0.87 0.008 (1995) 49.9 0.017 (1999) 0.26 0.002 (2005) 0.11 1.6 (2010) 7.41 0.004 (1996) 14.69 Zimbabwe 1.32 2.20 0.04 (1997) 45.0 0.08 (1998) 0.52 0.0061 (2001) 0.52 0.29 (2009) 28.14 0.0167 (1996) 17.09
Appendix B. Core ICT Indicators... 251 Lower-middle-income economies Armenia 6.72 19.7 0.009 (1996) 111.9 0.401 (2000) 7.07 0.0001 (2001) 6.75 6.55 (2009) 29.09 0.009 (1994) 39.16 Bolivia 2.51 (1980) 8.4 0.004 (1991) 90.4 0.033 (1996) 1.30 0.03 (2002) 1.05 1.033 (2010) 6.61 0.06 (1995) 34.19 Congo 0.36 0.30 0.03 (1996) 98.8 0.003 (2000) 0.05 0.003 (2009) 0.01 0.52 (2011) 2.11 0.0035 (1996) 6.11 (Rep.) Egypt 0.854 10.6 0.004 (1987) 119.9 0.069 (1999) 3.02 0.074 (2002) 2.83 11.69 (2009) 27.93 0.0009 (1993) 44.07 El Salvador 1.13 16.8 0.029 (1993) 137.3 0.045 (1996) 3.99 0.32 (2003) 3.84 2.31 (2010) 5.49 0.086 (1996) 25.50 Georgia 4.48 29.3 0.002 (1995) 107.8 0.078 (2002) 8.67 0.009 (2001) 8.67 5.69 (2010) 8.55 0.011 (1995) 45.50 Ghana 0.317 1.1 0.002 (1992) 101.0 0.054 (2000) 0.26 0.004 (2004) 0.26 0.177 (2009) 33.92 0.0003 (1995) 17.11 Guyana 1.89 19.4 0.11 (1992) 68.8 0.94 (1999) 2.17 0.26 (2005) 3.67 0.067 (2001) 0.10 0.065 (1996) 33.00 Honduras 0.547 7.7 0.04 (1996) 92.9 0.06 (1997) 0.95 0.01 (2010) 0.77 4.25 (2011) 8.56 0.036 (1995) 18.12 India 0.23 2.5 0.008 (1995) 69.9 0.008 (1997) 2.05 0.0047 (2001) 1.21 0.002 (2007) 4.99 0.0001 (1992) 12.58 Indonesia 0.16 15.4 0.001 (1984) 114.2 0.015 (1996) 0.87 0.0019 (2000) 1.21 0.70 (2009) 31.59 0.001 (1994) 15.36 Lao PDR 0.177 1.8 0.0064 (1992) 64.7 0.009 (1999) 0.35 0.00045 (2003) 0.11 0.087 (2010) 2.06 0.0096 (1998) 10.75 Mauritania 0.10 1.7 0.56 (2000) 106.0 0.004 (1997) 0.18 0.005 (2005) 0.18 0.37 (2009) 3.64 0.0041 (1997) 5.37 Moldova 3.55 34.3 0.0003 (1995) 102.0 0.07 (1998) 11.87 0.0059 (2001) 11.87 0.007 (2007) 5.12 0.0008 (1994) 43.37 Mongolia 2.41 (1982) 6.3 0.03 (1996) 120.7 0.11 (1997) 3.84 0.002 (2001) 3.75 0.11 (2009) 18.37 0.008 (1995) 16.40 Morocco 0.62 10.1 0.0002 (1987) 120.0 0.011 (1999) 2.10 0.006 (2002) 2.10 2.27 (2009) 10.09 0.003 (1995) 55.00 Nicaragua 0.78 5.0 0.007 (1993) 86.1 0.3 (2000) 1.91 0.013 (2000) 1.65 0.36 (2009) 1.01 0.01 (1994) 13.50 Nigeria 0.21 (1981) 0.20 0.008 (1993) 66.8 0.018 (2000) 0.19 0.0003 (2005) 0.01 0.59 (2010) 18.44 0.008 (1996) 32.88 Pakistan 0.30 3.2 0.0018 (1990) 67.1 0.022 (1997) 1.70 0.0092 (2005) 0.52 0.011 (2008) 0.66 0.0001 (1995) 9.96 Paraguay 1.06 6.1 0.03 (1992) 101.6 0.54 (2000) 1.21 0.0028 (2000) 1.19 1.186 (2008) 5.98 0.02 (1996) 27.08 Philippines 0.68 4.1 0.058 (1991) 106.5 0.14 (1996) 6.33 0.012 (2001) 2.22 1.85 (2009) 3.83 0.005 (1994) 36.24 Senegal 0.294 2.5 0.001 (1994) 83.6 0.017 (1997) 0.70 0.01 (2002) 0.70 0.18 (2010) 3.58 0.0006 (1995) 19.20 Sri Lanka 0.308 16.3 0.005 (1990) 91.6 0.0009 (1994) 2.01 0.0017 (2001) 1.68 1.418 (2010) 7.75 0.0027 (1994) 18.29 Swaziland 0.64 3.7 0.456 (1998) 65.4 0.38 (1999) 0.31 0.066 (2008) 0.28 0.39 (2010) 11.90 0.001 (1995) 20.78 Syria 1.69 20.2 0.025 (1999) 59.3 0.0021 (1998) 1.83 0.003 (2004) 1.11 0.19 (2009) 1.66 0.032 (1997) 24.30 Ukraine 5.74 26.8 0.0001 (1993) 130.3 0.47 (2002) 3.48 0.27 (2005) 8.00 4.12 (2010) 5.43 0.0007 (1993) 33.70 (continued)
252 Appendix B. Core ICT Indicators... Fixed telephone subscriptions a (100 per inhab.) Mobile cellular subscriptions b (100 per inhab.) In brackets first year of data availability 2012 Fixed internet subscriptions c (100 per inhab.) In brackets first year of data availability 2012 Fixed broadband subscriptions d (100 per inhab.) In brackets first year of data availability 2012 Wireless broadband subscriptions e (100 per inhab.) In brackets first year of data availability 2012 Internet users f (% of individuals) In brackets first year of data availability 2012 Country 1975 g 2012 Viet Nam 0.113 (1982) 11.2 0.0011 (1992) 147.7 0.0014 (1997) 1.93 0.001 (2002) 4.90 7.89 (2010) 18.77 0.0001 (1996) 39.49 Yemen 0.214 (1980) 4.6 0.011 (1992) 58.3 0.009 (1997) 3.93 0.0074 (2005) 0.70 0.0901 (2011) 0.20 0.0006 (1996) 17.45 Zambia 0.57 0.6 0.017 (1995) 74.8 0.0016 (1996) 0.11 0.0002 (2000) 0.11 0.0836 (2009) 0.65 0.006 (1994) 13.47 Source: Author s compilation a Fixed-telephone subscriptions refers to the sum of active number of analogue fixed-telephone lines b Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions refers to the number of subscriptions to a public mobile-telephone service that provide access to the PSTN using cellular technology c Fixed (wired) Internet subscriptions refers to the number of active fixed (wired) Internet subscriptions at speeds less than 256 kbit/s and total fixed (wired)- broadband subscriptions d Refers to subscriptions to high-speed access to the public Internet (a TCP/IP connection), at downstream speeds equal to, or greater than, 256 kbit/s. This includes cable modem, DSL, fibre-to-the-home/building and other fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions e Wireless-broadband subscriptions refers to the sum of satellite broadband, terrestrial fixed wireless broadband and active mobile-broadband subscriptions to the public Internet f Refers to the proportion of individuals that used the Internet in the last 12 months g In few countries the data on FTLi,y is available since 1965, however for cross-country data comparability reported since 1975 h Estimates based on time-trend
Appendix C. Countries Included in the Technology Convergence Analysis. Core ICT Indicators a. Period 20002012 # Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 E. Lechman, ICT Diffusion in Developing Countries, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-18254-4 253
Mobile Fixed Internet cellular Fixed internet broadband users Mobile Mobile subscriptions subscriptions Fixed Fixed subscriptions average Wireless Wireless Wireless Wireless cellular cellular average Fixed internet Fixed internet average broadband broadband average Internet Internet annual broadband broadband broadband broadband subscriptions subscriptions annual subscriptions subscriptions annual subscriptions subscriptions annual users in users in growth subscriptions subscriptions subscriptions subscriptions Country in 2000 in 2012 growth (%) in 2000 in 2012 growth (%) in 2000 in 2012 growth (%) 2000 2012 rate (%) in 2009 in 2010 in 2011 in 2012 Low-income economies Bangladesh 0.20 62.8 36.4 0.00 1.5 29.2 n.a. n.a. 0.10 6.3 37.4 0.00 0.10 0.40 0.50 Benin 0.80 83.7 49.6 0.00 0.40 19.1 0.00 0.10 43.4 0.20 3.8 23.5 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.40 Burkina Faso 0.20 60.6 33.7 0.00 0.20 15.8 0.00 0.10 48.8 0.10 3.7 32.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cambodia 1.1 128.5 70.6 0.00 0.40 20.6 0.00 0.20 46.9 0.00 4.9 38.8 n.a. 1.0 2.2 6.7 Comoros n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.10 0.30 9.3 0.00 0.20 79.3 0.30 6.0 25.8 n.a. n.a. 0.50 0.90 Eritrea n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.00 0.00 8.9 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.10 0.80 14.7 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.00 Ethiopia 0.00 22.4 33.4 0.00 0.20 34.3 0.00 0.00 64.6 0.00 1.5 38.1 0.10 0.10 0.30 4.4 Kenya 0.40 71.2 43.2 0.10 0.20 1.9 0.00 0.10 26.9 0.30 32.1 38.5 0.00 0.20 0.50 2.2 Madagascar 0.40 39.4 37.6 0.10 0.10 0.6 0.00 0.00 24.0 0.20 2.1 19.6 n.a. 0.00 0.10 0.30 Malawi 0.40 29.2 58.0 0.00 4.2 36.9 0.00 0.00 12.6 0.10 4.4 29.5 n.a. 0.60 3.1 3.5 Myanmar 0.00 10.3 45.4 0.00 0.00 28.1 0.00 0.00 43.6 0.00 1.1 72.0 0.00 n.a. 0.00 0.00 Nepal 0.00 59.6 67.2 0.10 0.70 22.2 0.00 0.50 69.4 0.20 11.1 33.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. 23.8 Niger 0.00 31.4 35.1 0.00 0.40 25.8 0.00 0.00 37.0 0.00 1.4 30.5 n.a. n.a. 0.40 0.60 Rwanda 0.50 49.7 32.30 0.00 0.00 8.6 0.00 0.00 9.10 0.10 8.0 40.4 n.a. 0.00 1.0 3.2 Togo 1.0 49.9 38.0 0.10 0.60 13.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.80 4.0 13.4 n.a. 0.40 0.90 1.8 Uganda 0.50 45.0 25.4 0.00 0.30 20.3 0.00 0.10 51.1 0.20 14.7 37.5 n.a. 1.6 2.8 7.4 Zimbabwe 2.1 91.9 31.4 0.20 0.50 6.5 0.10 0.50 26.7 0.40 17.1 31.3 0.30 4.7 14.2 28.1 Lower-middle-income economies Armenia 0.60 111.9 23.3 0.40 7.1 23.9 0.10 6.7 66.1 1.3 39.2 28.4 6.6 12.2 27.3 29.1 Bolivia 6.9 90.4 30.8 0.50 1.3 8.5 0.10 1.1 29.0 1.4 34.2 26.4 n.a. 1.0 2.8 6.6 Congo 2.2 98.8 32.3 0.00 0.10 22.9 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.00 6.1 45.4 n.a. n.a. 0.50 2.1 Egypt 2.1 119.9 18.9 0.10 3.0 30.6 0.20 2.8 38.1 0.60 44.1 35.3 11.7 17.0 25.0 27.9 El Salvador 12.5 137.3 29.3 0.90 4.0 12.3 0.70 3.8 24.4 1.2 25.5 25.6 n.a. 2.3 3.6 5.5 Georgia 4.1 107.8 42.1 0.10 8.7 39.2 0.10 8.7 72.7 0.50 45.5 37.8 n.a. 5.7 7.2 8.5 Ghana 0.70 101.0 24.5 0.10 0.30 13.0 0.00 0.30 48.1 0.20 17.1 39.3 0.20 6.9 23.2 33.9 Guyana 5.4 68.8 27.7 1.7 2.2 1.8 0.30 3.7 37.7 6.6 33.0 13.4 n.a. n.a. 0.10 0.10 Honduras 2.5 92.9 46.7 0.30 1.0 9.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1.2 18.1 22.6 n.a. n.a. 4.3 8.6 India 0.30 69.9 30.7 0.30 2.0 16.4 0.10 1.2 33.1 0.50 12.6 26.4 0.00 0.90 1.9 5.0 Indonesia 1.8 114.2 51.5 0.20 0.90 13.0 0.00 1.2 46.0 0.90 15.4 23.4 0.70 18.6 22.1 31.6
Lao P,D,R, 0.20 64.7 39.5 0.00 0.40 20.9 0.00 0.10 43.5 0.10 10.7 38.1 n.a. 0.10 0.70 2.1 Mauritania 0.60 106.0 28.7 0.00 0.20 13.8 0.00 0.20 50.3 0.20 5.4 27.8 0.40 0.70 4.9 3.6 Moldova 3.4 102.0 23.0 0.30 11.9 30.4 0.30 11.9 53.7 1.3 43.4 29.3 2.2 3.4 3.6 5.1 Mongolia 6.4 120.7 22.5 0.30 3.8 20.4 0.10 3.7 56.6 1.3 16.4 21.4 0.10 7.6 17.8 18.4 Morocco 8.2 120.0 35.1 0.10 2.1 23.3 0.80 2.1 13.3 0.70 55.0 36.4 2.3 5.0 8.1 10.1 Nicaragua 1.8 86.1 68.1 0.30 1.9 15.3 0.20 1.6 30.6 1.0 13.5 21.9 0.40 0.70 0.80 1.0 Nigeria 0.00 66.8 47.9 0.00 0.20 19.5 0.00 0.00 45.2 0.10 32.9 52.0 n.a. 0.60 9.9 18.4 Pakistan 0.20 67.1 12.3 0.10 1.7 24.2 0.00 0.50 57.5 0.70 10.0 22.5 0.10 0.20 0.40 0.70 Paraguay 15.3 101.6 20.9 0.50 1.2 6.7 0.10 1.2 36.1 0.70 27.1 29.9 1.9 3.7 5.3 6.0 Philippines 8.3 106.5 31.1 0.50 6.3 20.9 0.10 2.2 39.1 2.0 36.2 24.2 1.9 2.3 3.4 3.8 Senegal 2.5 83.6 30.0 0.10 0.70 21.1 0.20 0.70 21.0 0.40 19.2 32.2 n.a. 0.20 1.5 3.6 Sri Lanka 2.3 91.6 28.2 0.20 2.0 18.6 0.10 1.7 39.6 0.60 18.3 27.8 n.a. 1.4 2.3 7.8 Swaziland 3.1 65.4 49.0 0.50 0.30 3.5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.90 20.8 25.9 n.a. 0.40 1.1 11.9 Syria 0.20 59.3 29.8 0.10 1.8 28.3 0.00 1.1 61.6 0.20 24.3 40.8 0.20 0.50 0.90 1.7 Ukraine 1.7 130.3 40.8 0.50 3.5 16.6 0.30 8.0 48.1 0.70 33.7 32.1 n.a. 4.1 4.4 5.4 Viet Nam 1.0 147.7 55.8 0.10 1.9 22.7 0.20 4.9 42.7 0.30 39.5 42.0 n.a. 7.9 17.8 18.8 Yemen 0.20 58.3 34.1 0.00 3.9 39.0 0.00 0.70 64.9 0.10 17.4 44.6 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.20 Zambia 1.0 74.8 48.9 0.10 0.10 5.2 0.00 0.10 55.4 0.20 13.5 35.5 0.10 0.30 0.20 0.60 Upper-middle-income economies Argentina 17.5 151.9 28.1 3.2 11.4 10.4 2.4 10.9 21.6 7.0 55.8 17.3 n.a. 3.3 12.4 20.9 Azerbaijan 5.1 108.7 44.9 0.03 18.3 51.7 0.00 14.1 90.3 0.10 54.2 49.2 0.20 5.2 24.6 34.8 Belarus 0.49 113.5 23.1 0.04 28.0 53.3 0.00 26.9 105.9 1.9 46.9 26.9 29.5 12.7 19.1 33.3 Belize 7.04 53.2 25.7 1.7 4.3 7.2 1.8 3.1 7.3 6.0 25.0 11.9 n.a. 0.10 0.30 0.50 Bosnia and 2.4 87.5 16.1 0.30 12.7 29.1 0.40 10.6 48.6 1.1 65.4 34.2 3.1 7.5 10.7 12.2 Herzegovina Botswana 12.6 153.7 20.4 0.80 0.90 0.80 0.10 0.90 34.3 2.9 11.5 11.5 n.a. 1.5 12.0 74.9 Brazil 13.2 125.0 21.7 1.2 11.3 18.1 1.7 9.2 23.7 2.9 49.8 23.8 4.7 11.0 21.4 33.7 Bulgaria 9.2 148.1 25.8 0.08 18.0 44.2 2.2 17.9 30.3 5.4 55.1 19.4 2.5 35.4 40.5 48.5 China 6.6 80.7 22.1 0.70 13.1 24.4 2.8 12.7 21.5 1.8 42.3 26.4 0.90 3.5 9.4 16.9 Colombia 5.6 102.8 24.5 0.60 8.2 21.7 0.70 8.2 34.3 2.2 49.0 25.8 2.1 2.5 3.8 5.0 Costa Rica 5.3 111.9 21.8 0.90 9.3 19.4 1.0 9.3 31.3 5.8 47.5 17.5 0.10 7.2 10.2 20.3 Dominican 8.1 86.9 25.9 0.60 4.8 17.2 0.60 4.3 27.1 3.7 45.0 20.8 1.2 2.4 7.8 15.6 Rep. Ecuador 3.8 106.2 10.5 0.40 5.6 20.8 0.20 5.3 47.2 1.5 35.1 26.5 n.a. 9.0 10.2 21.6 Hungary 30.08 116.07 22.1 2.1 23.0 19.7 6.5 22.9 18.1 7.0 72.0 19.4 7.1 8.8 18.2 24.2 Jordan 8.1 128.1 31.8 0.60 2.8 12.0 0.40 2.8 26.2 2.6 41.0 22.9 0.60 1.6 6.1 11.3 (continued)
Mobile cellular subscriptions in 2000 Mobile cellular subscriptions in 2012 Mobile cellular subscriptions average annual growth (%) Fixed internet subscriptions in 2000 Fixed internet subscriptions in 2012 Fixed internet subscriptions average annual growth (%) Fixed broadband subscriptions in 2000 Fixed broadband subscriptions in 2012 Fixed broadband subscriptions average annual growth (%) Country Maldives 2.8 165.6 19.9 0.38 5.3 21.7 1.1 5.3 22.5 2.2 38.9 23.9 0.00 6.6 16.8 25.3 Mauritius 15.1 119.8 18.1 2.9 11.7 11.4 0.40 11.2 46.1 7.3 41.4 14.5 14.6 14.6 13.2 22.9 Mexico 13.5 83.3 15.2 1.09 10.7 19.0 1.7 10.5 25.7 5.1 38.4 16.9 0.40 2.7 6.8 9.8 Panama 13.4 178.02 29.9 1.4 8.0 14.4 0.50 7.8 38.7 6.6 45.2 16.1 n.a. 3.2 13.9 14.3 Peru 4.8 98.0 18.1 0.50 4.8 18.4 1.3 4.7 18.8 3.1 38.2 21.0 0.40 1.0 1.4 2.9 Romania 11.1 104.9 25.5 1.6 16.2 19.1 1.7 16.2 32.1 3.6 50.0 21.9 6.9 9.4 13.9 27.0 Thailand 4.9 127.2 38.5 0.90 8.6 18.3 0.80 8.2 32.3 3.7 26.5 16.4 n.a. n.a. 0.10 0.10 Tunisia 1.2 118.08 12.7 0.30 5.0 21.5 0.20 4.9 47.5 2.8 41.4 22.6 n.a. 0.90 2.4 8.9 Turkey 25.5 91.4 11.7 2.3 10.7 12.5 2.3 10.6 21.6 3.8 45.1 20.7 0.60 2.0 8.8 16.5 Venezuela 22.3 101.8 43.2 1.1 7.5 15.9 1.3 6.7 23.3 3.4 44.0 21.4 2.2 3.2 4.3 4.8 High-income economies Australia 44.4 105.5 2.7 20.3 26.2 2.1 9.8 24.3 13.0 46.8 82.3 4.7 n.a. 56.1 80.2 96.2 Austria 76.2 160.5 13.7 13.0 29.3 6.7 14.2 25.0 8.0 33.7 81.0 7.3 29.7 33.1 46.0 56.3 Bahrain 30.7 161.1 8.9 3.2 13.2 11.6 2.4 13.2 24.1 6.2 88.0 22.2 6.9 10.6 18.2 91.2 Belgium 54.8 111.3 11.3 11.2 33.4 9.1 19.1 33.3 7.9 29.4 82.0 8.5 5.8 9.7 19.0 33.0 Internet users in 2000 Internet users in 2012 Internet users average annual growth rate (%) Wireless broadband subscriptions in 2009 Wireless broadband subscriptions in 2010 Wireless broadband subscriptions in 2011 Brunei 28.6 113.9 11.5 6.7 6.7 0.0 2.2 4.8 11.1 9.0 60.3 15.9 5.0 5.5 6.3 7.6 Darussalam Canada 28.4 80.05 10.7 14.08 33.2 7.1 21.7 32.5 5.7 51.3 86.8 4.4 n.a. 30.4 39.2 42.1 Chile 22.01 138.1 14.9 3.7 11.7 9.4 4.3 12.4 15.0 16.6 61.4 10.9 n.a. 8.5 18.0 28.0 Croatia 23.08 115.4 13.3 4.1 21.6 13.7 2.6 20.7 29.4 6.6 63.0 18.7 6.5 8.4 47.7 53.9 Cyprus 23.1 98.4 7.01 5.5 19.9 10.7 3.1 19.2 26.1 15.3 61.0 11.5 n.a. 29.6 31.0 34.1 Czech 42.3 126.8 5.8 4.0 16.4 11.6 6.9 16.4 12.3 9.8 75.0 17.0 25.9 40.8 51.0 52.1 Republic Denmark 63.0 117.5 8.8 31.5 40.3 2.0 24.8 38.8 6.4 39.2 93.0 7.2 30.1 64.7 84.3 97.2 Estonia 40.7 160.4 9.8 6.0 26.6 12.4 13.5 25.5 9.0 28.6 79.0 8.5 4.6 27.6 45.9 76.9 France 49.06 97.0 4.9 9.1 37.8 11.8 15.4 37.5 12.7 14.3 83.0 14.7 28.1 36.2 43.6 51.8 Greece 53.9 120.03 3.7 2.4 24.5 19.1 1.5 24.1 40.2 9.1 56.0 15.1 12.4 25.1 37.2 45.7 Iceland 76.4 108.05 4.2 16.7 35.7 6.3 26.3 34.3 3.8 44.5 96.2 6.4 31.6 46.3 57.9 70.9 Ireland 64.6 107.2 3.1 14.4 24.4 4.4 7.8 22.7 15.4 17.9 79.0 12.4 53.6 50.9 61.1 65.9 Israel 73.1 120.6 4.06 13.3 25.3 5.3 18.6 25.3 4.4 20.9 73.4 10.5 n.a. 49.9 40.7 53.0 Wireless broadband subscriptions in 2012
Italy 74.1 159.7 9.1 10.1 22.1 6.5 11.6 22.1 9.2 23.1 58.0 7.7 17.1 37.8 44.6 52.2 Japan 53.1 110.9 5.3 14.4 30.9 6.3 18.4 27.7 5.9 30.0 79.1 8.1 78.7 87.6 106.1 115.1 Korea (Rep, 58.3 109.4 16.5 10.6 37.2 10.4 25.9 37.2 5.2 44.7 84.1 5.3 88.6 97.7 104.3 105.1 of) Lithuania 14.9 165.05 7.2 1.5 21.3 22.0 7.1 21.1 15.5 6.4 68.0 19.7 7.4 12.0 14.4 18.8 Luxembourg 69.5 145.3 13.7 5.6 32.4 14.6 15.3 32.4 10.7 22.9 92.0 11.6 n.a. 50.0 66.6 80.6 Malta 28.08 126.9 5.2 8.4 32.0 11.1 12.4 32.0 13.6 13.1 70.0 14.0 17.5 20.5 33.0 35.3 Netherlands 67.8 117.9 9.01 37. 39.8 0.5 25.1 39.8 6.6 44.0 93.0 6.2 n.a. 38.0 52.6 61.3 New Zealand 39.9 110.3 3.5 12.9 30.7 7.2 7.8 27.8 18.2 47.4 89.5 5.3 n.a. 39.6 53.9 65.9 Norway 71.7 116.6 22.9 26.1 36.3 2.7 21.4 36.3 7.5 52.0 95.0 5.0 69.2 75.1 77.0 84.8 Oman 7.3 159.2 18.3 1.0 2.3 6.3 0.50 2.1 20.1 3.5 60.0 23.6 16.0 26.4 36.4 50.9 Poland 17.5 140.3 6.4 2.4 15.7 15.6 2.5 15.5 26.3 7.3 65.0 18.2 44.8 52.5 53.3 63.5 Portugal 64.6 116.1 14.5 6.4 22.8 10.6 11.1 22.5 10.1 16.4 64.0 11.3 20.7 24.4 27.6 32.8 Qatar 20.3 126.8 33.6 1.7 10.7 15.0 3.1 10.5 17.3 4.9 88.1 24.1 12.1 51.7 56.8 61.8 Russia 2.2 182.9 27.3 0.30 14.7 31.5 1.1 14.5 36.8 2.0 53.3 27.4 0.60 n.a. 47.8 52.8 Saudi Arabia 6.8 187.4 8.1 0.90 6.9 16.2 0.30 6.9 46.2 2.2 54.0 26.6 27.7 43.8 42.1 45.4 Singapore 70.1 152.1 15.5 21.7 25.9 1.4 14.6 25.4 7.9 36.0 74.2 6.0 70.1 99.7 115.5 126.1 Slovak 23.08 111.9 5.0 1.2 15.2 20.7 3.4 14.7 21.0 9.4 80.0 17.8 18.0 24.1 35.9 39.7 Republic Slovenia 61.09 108.6 4.9 7.0 24.4 10.4 9.8 24.3 12.9 15.1 70.0 12.8 n.a. 24.3 29.2 37.0 Spain 60.2 108.3 3.4 7.9 24.5 9.3 11.6 24.4 10.6 13.6 72.0 13.9 10.3 24.1 37.4 53.6 Sweden 71.8 124.5 5.4 25.3 33.4 2.3 27.9 32.3 2.1 45.7 94.0 6.0 69.9 83.8 97.3 104.9 Switzerland 64.7 130.2 19.3 23.2 40.3 4.6 22.5 39.9 8.2 47.1 85.2 4.9 24.9 30.1 34.7 39.6 Trinidad and 12.7 140.8 9.1 2.0 13.9 15.8 0.80 13.8 40.1 7.7 59.5 17.0 0.30 1.9 2.5 8.4 Tobago United Arab 47.1 149.6 5.9 6.9 10.4 3.4 3.1 10.3 17.1 23.6 85.0 10.7 n.a. 13.4 19.2 44.8 Emirates United 73.7 135.2 10.4 14.2 34.5 7.4 16.4 34.0 10.4 26.8 87.0 9.8 37.0 43.2 52.6 72.1 Kingdom United States 38.4 95.4 14.0 19.8 28.3 3.0 17.2 28.3 7.2 43.1 81.0 5.3 40.5 60.6 76.4 88.2 Source: Author s compilation and calculations a For detailed definitions of respective ICT indicators refer back to Appendix A
Appendix D. ICTs Inequalities. 113 World Countries. Period 20002012.8 Gini coefficient.6.4.2 2000 2005 2010 MCS FIS FBS IU WBS Fig. D.1 Gini coefficients time trends MCS i,y, FIS i,y, FBS i,y, WBS i,y and IU i,y. 113 countries. Period 20002012. Source: Author s elaboration # Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 E. Lechman, ICT Diffusion in Developing Countries, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-18254-4 259
260 Appendix D. ICTs Inequalities. 113 World Countries. Period 20002012 1 1 1.8.8.8.6.6.6.4.4.4.2.2.2 0 0.2.4.6.8 1 Percentiles (p) 0 0.2.4.6.8 1 Percentiles (p) 0 0.2.4.6.8 1 Percentiles (p) line_45 line_45 line_45 FBS_2005 FIS_2000 IU_2000 FBS_2012 FIS_2012 IU_2012 1 1.8.8.6.6.4.4.2.2 0 0.2.4.6.8 1 Percentiles (p) 0 0.2.4.6.8 1 Percentiles (p) line_45 line_45 MCS_2000 WBS_2009 MCS_2012 WBS_2012 Fig. D.2 Lorenz curves MCS i,y, FIS i,y, FBS i,y, WBS i,y and IU i,y. 113 countries. Years 2000 and 2012. Source: Author s elaboration
Appendix E. ICTs Distributions. 113 World Countries. Period 20002012 # Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 E. Lechman, ICT Diffusion in Developing Countries, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-18254-4 261
262 Appendix E. ICTs Distributions. 113 World Countries. Period 20002012.025.02.015.01.005 Mobile Cellular Subscriptions 0 0 50 100 150 200 kdensity mcs_2000 kdensity mcs_2001 kdensity mcs_2002 kdensity mcs_2003 kdensity mcs_2004 kdensity mcs_2005 kdensity mcs_2006 kdensity mcs_2007 kdensity mcs_2008 kdensity mcs_2009 kdensity mcs_2010 kdensity mcs_2011 kdensity mcs_2012 Fixed Internet Subscriptions.15.1.05 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 kdensity fis_2000 kdensity fis_2001 kdensity fis_2002 kdensity fis_2003 kdensity fis_2004 kdensity fis_2005 kdensity fis_2006 kdensity fis_2007 kdensity fis_2008 kdensity fis_2009 kdensity fis_2010 kdensity fis_2011 kdensity fis_2012 Fig. E.1 Changes in core ICT indicators distribution. 113 world countries. Period 20002012. Source: Author s elaboration. Note: for FBS Kernel densities estimates since 2005. For MCS 111 countries (Comoros and Eritrea excluded significant lacks in data time series). For FBS 107 countries (Bangladesh, Congo, Honduras, Eritrea, Swaziland and Togo excluded significant lacks in data time series); for Madagascar and Nepal initial values for 2006. For WBS Kernel densities estimates since 2009. For WBS 111 countries (Eritrea and Nepal excluded data available only for 2012). On X-axis absolute data
Appendix E. ICTs Distributions. 113 World Countries. Period 20002012 263.15 Fixed Broadband Subscriptions.1.05 0 0 10 20 30 40 kdensity fbs_2005 kdensity fbs_2006 kdensity fbs_2007 kdensity fbs_2008 kdensity fbs_2009 kdensity fbs_2010 kdensity fbs_2011 kdensity fbs_2012.08 Internet Users.06.04.02 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 kdensity iu_2000 kdensity iu_2001 kdensity iu_2002 kdensity iu_2003 kdensity iu_2004 kdensity iu_2005 kdensity iu_2006 kdensity iu_2007 kdensity iu_2008 kdensity iu_2009 kdensity iu_2010 kdensity iu_2011 kdensity iu_2012
264 Appendix E. ICTs Distributions. 113 World Countries. Period 20002012.04 Wireless Broadband Subscriptions.03.02.01 0 0 50 100 150 kdensity wbs_2009 kdensity wbs_2011 kdensity wbs_2010 kdensity wbs_2012
Appendix F. ICT Marginal Growths and Replication Coefficients. 17 Low-Income Economies. Period 19952012 # Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 E. Lechman, ICT Diffusion in Developing Countries, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-18254-4 265
266 Appendix F. ICT Marginal Growths and Replication... Table F.1 MCS marginal growths and replication coefficients Bangladesh Benin Burkina Faso Cambodia Comoros Eritrea Ethiopia Kenya Madagascar Year Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y 1995 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1996 0.00 1.57 0.03 2.50 n.a. n.a. 0.08 1.59 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.00 1.21 0.01 1.71 1997 0.02 6.37 0.02 1.54 0.01 2.78 0.09 1.41 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.01 2.33 0.01 1.73 1998 0.04 2.83 0.03 1.42 0.01 1.77 0.23 1.78 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.01 1.55 0.06 3.02 1999 0.06 1.95 0.01 1.12 0.02 1.79 0.22 1.42 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.04 2.15 0.15 2.71 2000 0.10 1.84 0.69 7.40 0.17 4.87 0.32 1.43 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.02 2.56 0.33 5.22 0.17 1.71 2001 0.18 1.83 0.94 2.18 0.42 2.93 0.72 1.68 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.01 1.50 1.46 4.59 0.51 2.27 2002 0.40 2.03 1.21 1.69 0.27 1.42 1.20 1.67 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.03 1.78 1.73 1.93 0.07 1.07 2003 0.20 1.25 0.13 1.04 0.98 2.08 0.86 1.29 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.00 0.99 1.09 1.30 0.67 1.69 2004 0.99 2.01 2.72 1.88 1.16 1.62 2.70 1.70 1.08 4.08 n.a. n.a. 0.14 2.95 2.62 1.56 0.23 1.14 2005 4.32 3.19 1.49 1.26 1.68 1.55 1.40 1.21 1.15 1.81 0.40 1.94 0.33 2.57 5.58 1.76 0.91 1.48 2006 6.92 2.10 5.22 1.72 2.63 1.56 4.75 1.60 3.40 2.31 0.40 1.48 0.57 2.05 7.08 1.55 2.77 1.99 2007 10.26 1.78 11.06 1.88 5.70 1.77 6.09 1.48 3.83 1.64 0.39 1.31 0.40 1.36 10.09 1.51 5.89 2.06 2008 6.70 1.29 16.84 1.71 7.58 1.58 11.60 1.62 4.31 1.44 0.40 1.25 0.86 1.57 11.99 1.40 12.82 2.12 2009 4.19 1.14 14.07 1.35 4.70 1.23 13.92 1.46 4.28 1.30 0.52 1.26 2.41 2.02 6.58 1.16 6.39 1.26 2010 10.59 1.31 19.93 1.37 11.40 1.45 12.43 1.28 5.79 1.31 0.69 1.27 3.09 1.65 12.41 1.26 5.92 1.19 2011 10.25 1.23 5.00 1.07 11.30 1.31 37.45 1.66 6.71 1.28 0.85 1.26 7.93 2.01 5.78 1.09 3.46 1.09 2012 7.63 1.14 4.25 1.05 12.58 1.26 34.34 1.36 8.60 1.28 0.90 1.22 6.57 1.42 4.36 1.07 0.67 0.98
Appendix F. ICT Marginal Growths and Replication... 267 Malawi Myanmar Nepal Niger Rwanda Togo Uganda Zimbabwe ΩMCS,i,y ΦMCS,i,y ΩMCS,i,y ΦMCS,i,y ΩMCS,i,y ΦMCS,i,y ΩMCS,i,y ΦMCS,i,y ΩMCS,i,y ΦMCS,i,y ΩMCS,i,y ΦMCS,i,y ΩMCS,i,y ΦMCS,i,y ΩMCS,i,y ΦMCS,i,y 1995 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1996 0.03 9.51 0.01 2.59 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.01 2.22 n.a. n.a. 1997 0.03 1.85 0.00 1.15 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.00 1.21 n.a. n.a. 1998 0.03 1.46 0.00 0.99 n.a. n.a. 0.01 13.27 n.a. n.a. 0.10 2.44 0.11 5.82 0.11 3.26 1999 0.11 2.08 0.01 1.32 n.a. n.a. 0.01 1.57 0.07 2.01 0.20 2.21 0.11 1.82 1.25 9.04 2000 0.23 2.12 0.00 1.16 0.02 1.82 0.00 0.90 0.32 3.32 0.67 2.87 0.28 2.18 0.73 1.52 2001 0.05 1.11 0.02 1.68 0.03 1.66 0.00 1.00 0.28 1.60 0.88 1.85 0.61 2.16 0.36 1.17 2002 0.24 1.50 0.05 2.10 0.02 1.24 0.47 26.10 0.17 1.24 1.32 1.69 0.39 1.34 0.19 1.07 2003 0.38 1.53 0.04 1.38 0.24 3.68 0.19 1.38 0.52 1.56 1.41 1.44 1.38 1.91 0.19 1.07 2004 0.66 1.60 0.05 1.38 0.13 1.40 0.68 2.02 0.05 1.04 1.53 1.33 1.30 1.45 0.48 1.17 2005 1.49 1.84 0.07 1.38 0.43 1.92 1.10 1.81 0.88 1.59 1.67 1.27 0.38 1.09 1.74 1.52 2006 1.40 1.43 0.17 1.65 3.62 5.02 1.07 1.44 0.89 1.38 4.62 1.59 2.18 1.48 1.58 1.31 2007 3.00 1.64 0.06 1.15 8.08 2.79 2.81 1.80 3.15 1.97 7.95 1.64 6.89 2.02 2.95 1.44 2008 3.00 1.39 0.23 1.47 3.40 1.27 6.54 2.03 6.54 2.02 5.48 1.27 13.27 1.97 3.32 1.35 2009 6.39 1.60 0.26 1.36 5.09 1.32 4.11 1.32 10.13 1.78 9.72 1.38 1.63 1.06 18.02 2.39 2010 3.71 1.22 0.17 1.17 13.16 1.62 6.10 1.36 9.68 1.42 5.67 1.16 9.19 1.32 27.92 1.90 2011 4.80 1.23 1.23 2.08 14.92 1.44 5.64 1.24 7.15 1.22 0.38 1.01 9.76 1.26 9.99 1.17 2012 3.65 1.14 7.93 4.34 10.44 1.21 2.72 1.09 9.77 1.24 8.22 1.20 2.50 0.95 23.04 1.33 Source: Author s estimations
268 Appendix F. ICT Marginal Growths and Replication... Table F.2 IU marginal growths and replication coefficients Bangladesh Benin Burkina Faso Cambodia Comoros Eritrea Ethiopia Kenya Madagascar ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y 1995 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1996 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1997 n.a. n.a. 0.02 14.56 0.02 19.45 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.00 2.92 0.03 3.89 0.01 3.88 1998 0.00 4.91 0.02 1.94 0.03 2.43 0.01 2.79 n.a. n.a. 0.00 0.97 0.00 1.95 0.02 1.46 0.05 4.36 1999 0.03 9.82 0.11 3.24 0.02 1.36 0.02 1.96 0.11 3.91 0.02 2.91 0.00 1.30 0.06 2.27 0.11 2.70 2000 0.03 1.96 0.07 1.45 0.02 1.25 0.02 1.47 0.12 1.83 0.11 5.36 0.00 1.22 0.20 2.78 0.03 1.16 2001 0.06 1.83 0.14 1.61 0.08 2.05 0.03 1.64 0.17 1.63 0.02 1.15 0.02 2.43 0.30 1.95 0.03 1.13 2002 0.01 1.08 0.34 1.93 0.04 1.27 0.15 2.95 0.11 1.25 0.07 1.44 0.04 1.95 0.59 1.95 0.12 1.53 2003 0.02 1.17 0.25 1.35 0.17 1.86 0.03 1.15 0.29 1.53 0.02 1.10 0.03 1.46 1.73 2.44 0.08 1.25 2004 0.04 1.21 0.23 1.24 0.03 1.07 0.04 1.15 0.48 1.56 0.04 1.16 0.05 1.47 0.08 1.03 0.10 1.24 2005 0.04 1.21 0.09 1.07 0.07 1.17 0.02 1.06 0.67 1.51 0.04 1.14 0.06 1.41 0.08 1.03 0.04 1.08 2006 0.76 4.14 0.27 1.21 0.16 1.35 0.15 1.48 0.20 1.10 0.05 1.15 0.09 1.41 4.43 2.43 0.04 1.07 2007 0.80 1.80 0.25 1.16 0.12 1.19 0.02 1.05 0.30 1.14 0.03 1.08 0.06 1.19 0.42 1.06 0.04 1.07 2008 0.70 1.39 0.06 1.03 0.17 1.23 0.02 1.04 0.50 1.20 0.06 1.15 0.08 1.22 0.72 1.09 1.00 2.54 2009 0.60 1.24 0.39 1.21 0.21 1.23 0.02 1.04 0.50 1.17 0.07 1.15 0.09 1.20 1.37 1.16 0.02 0.99 2010 0.60 1.19 0.89 1.40 1.27 2.12 0.73 2.38 1.60 1.46 0.07 1.13 0.21 1.39 3.96 1.39 0.07 1.04 2011 1.30 1.35 0.37 1.12 0.60 1.25 1.84 2.46 0.40 1.08 0.09 1.15 0.35 1.47 14.00 2.00 0.20 1.12 2012 1.30 1.26 0.30 1.09 0.73 1.24 1.84 1.59 0.48 1.09 0.10 1.14 0.38 1.35 4.10 1.15 0.15 1.08
Appendix F. ICT Marginal Growths and Replication... 269 Malawi Myanmar Nepal Niger Rwanda Togo Uganda Zimbabwe ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y 1995 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.02 4.88 0.00 1.93 0.00 1.84 0.20 19.32 0.01 2.23 0.02 1.97 1996 0.01 3.87 n.a. n.a. 0.04 2.93 0.00 1.45 0.01 7.24 0.09 1.45 0.05 6.33 0.05 2.47 1997 0.07 4.83 n.a. n.a. 0.08 2.28 0.03 9.66 0.06 5.71 0.28 1.93 0.04 1.62 0.08 1.98 1998 0.04 1.45 4E 05 1E+00 0.06 1.40 0.01 1.29 0.00 0.94 0.21 1.36 0.06 1.55 0.24 2.48 1999 0.04 1.29 1E 04 2E+00 0.04 1.17 0.07 2.90 0.18 3.83 0.10 1.13 0.07 1.45 0.40 1.99 2000 0.05 1.31 1E 04 1E+00 0.07 1.30 0.02 1.21 0.05 1.22 0.10 1.11 0.15 1.61 3.19 4.99 2001 0.06 1.30 2E 02 6E+01 0.07 1.22 0.03 1.22 0.06 1.22 0.20 1.20 0.08 1.21 2.40 1.60 2002 0.07 1.25 3E 04 1E+00 0.07 1.18 0.03 1.22 0.07 1.21 0.30 1.25 0.26 1.55 0.17 1.03 2003 0.04 1.11 4E 02 3E+00 0.38 1.84 0.03 1.17 0.13 1.29 0.30 1.20 1.02 2.42 1.45 1.22 2004 0.04 1.11 1E 01 3E+00 0.31 1.38 0.07 1.33 0.77 2.39 0.20 1.11 0.79 1.45 1.78 1.22 2005 0.54 2.27 4E 02 1E+00 0.27 1.24 0.10 1.33 0.79 1.59 0.20 1.10 1.14 1.45 1.06 1.11 2006 0.27 0.72 3E 03 1E+00 0.32 1.23 0.31 1.79 2.38 2.13 0.20 1.09 4.23 2.15 0.55 1.05 2007 0.37 1.53 0E+00 1E+00 0.24 1.14 0.06 1.09 3.20 1.71 0.20 1.08 1.88 1.24 0.04 1.00 2008 1.19 2.11 3E 02 1E+00 5.96 4.03 0.07 1.09 0.30 1.04 0.40 1.15 2.72 1.28 0.14 1.01 2009 1.07 1.47 7E 01 4E+00 1.07 1.13 0.47 1.57 1.00 0.88 0.50 1.17 0.51 1.04 4.20 1.37 2010 1.02 1.31 9E 02 1E+00 2.15 1.24 0.11 1.08 1.02 1.15 0.50 1.14 1.68 1.13 1.39 1.09 2011 n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.02 4.88 0.00 1.93 0.00 1.84 0.20 19.32 0.01 2.23 0.02 1.97 2012 0.01 3.87 n.a. n.a. 0.04 2.93 0.00 1.45 0.01 7.24 0.09 1.45 0.05 6.33 0.05 2.47 Source: Author s estimations
Appendix G. ICT Marginal Growths and Replication Coefficients. 29 Lower-Middle- Income Economies. Period 19952012 # Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 E. Lechman, ICT Diffusion in Developing Countries, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-18254-4 271
Table G.1 MCS marginal growths and replication coefficients Armenia Bolivia Congo Egypt El Salvador Georgia Ghana Guyana Honduras India Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y 1992 n.a. n.a. 0.02 5.13 n.a. n.a. 0.00 1.07 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1993 n.a. n.a. 0.01 1.67 n.a. n.a. 0.00 1.38 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.01 4.24 0.03 1.22 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1994 n.a. n.a. 0.02 1.49 n.a. n.a. 0.00 1.06 0.06 2.94 n.a. n.a. 0.01 1.86 0.03 1.21 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1995 n.a. n.a. 0.04 1.74 n.a. n.a. 0.00 0.98 0.15 2.73 n.a. n.a. 0.02 1.81 0.00 0.99 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1996 n.a. n.a. 0.33 4.52 n.a. n.a. 0.00 0.98 0.17 1.71 0.04 15.57 0.04 2.01 0.01 0.96 n.a. n.a. 0.03 4.20 1997 0.15 16.86 1.06 3.47 n.a. n.a. 0.09 8.74 0.29 1.71 0.56 13.22 0.05 1.67 0.03 1.16 0.21 6.11 0.06 2.64 1998 0.09 1.58 1.45 1.98 n.a. n.a. 0.04 1.37 1.64 3.39 0.62 2.02 0.11 1.87 0.01 1.03 0.34 2.37 0.03 1.33 1999 0.01 1.05 2.11 1.72 0.05 1.43 0.60 5.22 6.30 3.71 1.54 2.25 0.15 1.64 0.18 1.93 0.70 2.21 0.07 1.55 2000 0.30 2.15 1.81 1.36 2.07 13.63 1.32 2.78 3.85 1.45 1.33 1.48 0.31 1.81 4.97 14.08 1.20 1.94 0.16 1.87 2001 0.27 1.47 2.14 1.31 2.44 2.09 2.10 2.02 1.85 1.15 2.33 1.57 0.57 1.83 4.72 1.88 1.24 1.50 0.27 1.80 2002 1.51 2.81 2.58 1.29 2.08 1.44 2.42 1.58 0.46 1.03 4.46 1.69 0.69 1.55 0.50 1.05 1.29 1.35 0.59 1.96 2003 1.43 1.61 2.61 1.23 3.06 1.45 1.77 1.27 4.28 1.29 4.68 1.43 1.96 2.00 7.73 1.73 0.70 1.14 1.87 2.55 2004 2.95 1.78 5.42 1.38 1.31 1.13 2.48 1.30 11.22 1.59 3.04 1.19 4.22 2.08 4.37 1.24 4.73 1.83 1.62 1.53 2005 3.83 1.57 6.28 1.32 4.63 1.42 8.16 1.75 9.43 1.31 7.62 1.41 5.31 1.65 14.30 1.63 8.12 1.78 3.30 1.70 2006 31.40 3.98 4.34 1.17 9.40 1.60 5.67 1.30 23.46 1.59 12.08 1.46 10.28 1.76 15.28 1.41 13.27 1.71 6.53 1.82 2007 20.81 1.50 3.41 1.11 9.10 1.36 15.88 1.64 37.06 1.59 20.41 1.53 10.03 1.42 17.67 1.34 26.46 1.83 5.63 1.39 2008 14.33 0.77 17.60 1.52 12.36 1.36 14.15 1.35 12.75 1.13 3.70 1.06 16.31 1.48 12.21 0.83 26.52 1.45 9.38 1.47 2009 25.40 1.52 13.45 1.26 27.18 1.58 17.41 1.32 9.38 1.08 2.02 1.03 13.71 1.27 4.83 1.08 27.51 1.32 14.59 1.49 2010 56.60 1.77 6.00 1.09 16.65 1.23 18.41 1.26 1.47 1.01 26.19 1.41 8.09 1.13 8.74 1.14 12.39 1.11 18.27 1.41 2011 22.10 0.83 10.22 1.14 1.50 1.02 14.58 1.16 9.09 1.07 10.63 1.12 13.41 1.19 4.43 0.94 21.05 0.83 10.81 1.17 2012 3.58 1.03 9.54 1.12 6.82 1.07 14.84 1.14 4.42 1.03 6.53 1.06 15.72 1.18 1.92 1.03 10.80 0.90 3.28.96
Indonesia Lao P.D.R. Mauritania Moldova Mongolia Morocco Nicaragua Nigeria Pakistan Paraguay Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y 1992 0.01 1.42 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.01 2.11 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.00 1.55 n.a. n.a. 1993 0.01 1.48 0.00 1.14 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.01 2.06 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.00 1.16 0.04 2.21 1994 0.01 1.44 0.01 1.79 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.03 2.02 0.04 6.58 0.00 1.38 0.01 1.50 0.09 2.21 1995 0.07 2.66 0.02 2.40 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.06 2.11 0.05 1.97 0.00 0.99 0.01 1.62 0.17 2.02 1996 0.18 2.63 0.04 2.41 n.a. n.a. 0.02 66.19 n.a. n.a. 0.05 1.43 0.01 1.14 0.00 1.05 0.02 1.62 0.34 2.03 1997 0.17 1.60 0.02 1.27 n.a. n.a. 0.03 2.41 0.05 2.20 0.11 1.71 0.05 1.45 0.00 1.04 0.05 1.93 1.01 2.51 1998 0.07 1.15 0.03 1.29 n.a. n.a. 0.11 3.22 0.30 4.48 0.15 1.54 0.21 2.38 0.00 1.30 0.04 1.41 2.83 2.69 1999 0.55 2.05 0.10 1.84 n.a. n.a. 0.27 2.60 1.07 3.79 0.88 3.12 0.51 2.38 0.00 1.22 0.05 1.32 3.80 1.84 2000 0.68 1.63 0.01 1.03 n.a. n.a. 2.95 7.84 4.99 4.43 6.86 6.27 0.89 2.01 0.00 1.17 0.02 1.13 7.03 1.85 2001 1.32 1.75 0.30 2.29 3.39 7.00 2.18 1.65 1.61 1.25 8.28 2.02 1.41 1.80 0.19 8.66 0.29 2.37 5.72 1.37 2002 2.36 1.77 0.45 1.84 4.64 2.17 2.95 1.53 0.78 1.10 4.71 1.29 1.34 1.42 1.00 5.74 0.63 2.24 8.86 1.42 2003 3.04 1.56 1.00 2.01 3.24 1.38 3.69 1.43 4.08 1.46 3.73 1.18 4.26 1.94 1.16 1.96 0.44 1.39 1.23 1.04 2004 5.23 1.62 1.58 1.79 5.26 1.44 8.34 1.68 4.25 1.33 6.40 1.26 4.94 1.56 4.35 2.83 1.66 2.05 0.96 0.97 2005 7.19 1.52 7.77 3.17 6.60 1.39 8.37 1.41 4.88 1.28 9.86 1.32 6.81 1.50 6.59 1.98 4.85 2.50 1.77 1.06 2006 7.12 1.34 5.77 1.51 9.04 1.38 7.62 1.26 8.22 1.37 11.52 1.28 12.61 1.61 9.24 1.69 13.36 2.65 21.79 1.68 2007 12.41 1.44 7.46 1.44 9.72 1.30 14.71 1.40 15.76 1.52 12.66 1.24 11.59 1.35 4.89 1.22 16.90 1.79 22.89 1.43 2008 19.58 1.48 8.35 1.34 18.66 1.44 15.37 1.30 20.94 1.45 8.39 1.13 10.12 1.23 14.21 1.52 14.36 1.37 16.22 1.21 2009 8.91 1.15 18.67 1.57 0.95 1.02 10.63 1.16 17.19 1.26 7.22 1.10 3.40 1.06 6.30 1.15 2.76 1.05 4.34 0.95 2010 18.87 1.27 10.99 1.21 14.85 1.24 11.31 1.15 8.38 1.10 20.15 1.25 9.82 1.17 6.70 1.14 1.82 1.03 3.14 1.04 2011 14.67 1.17 21.45 1.34 12.61 1.16 2.23 1.03 14.29 1.15 12.95 1.13 13.63 1.20 3.30 1.06 4.53 1.08 7.67 1.08 2012 11.76 1.11 19.34 0.77 16.47 1.18 11.18 1.12 13.86 1.13 5.95 1.05 4.45 1.05 8.84 1.15 5.25 1.08 2.26 1.02 (continued)
274 Appendix G. ICT Marginal Growths and Replication... Philippines Senegal Sri Lanka Swaziland Syria Ukraine Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y Ω MCS,i,y Φ MCS,i,y 1992 0.03 1.58 n.a. n.a. 0.00 1.45 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1993 0.07 1.79 n.a. n.a. 0.07 5.50 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.00 4.97 0.03 3.17 n.a. n.a. 1994 0.10 1.64 n.a. n.a. 0.08 1.97 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.01 77.17 0.01 3.02 0.02 1.51 n.a. n.a. 1995 0.46 2.81 0.00 1.21 0.12 1.74 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.02 2.81 0.01 1.85 0.00 0.97 n.a. n.a. 1996 0.64 1.90 0.01 11.28 0.11 1.37 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.03 2.16 0.06 2.89 0.00 1.03 0.01 1.71 1997 0.50 1.37 0.06 4.80 0.24 1.61 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.05 1.92 0.12 2.30 0.02 1.35 0.02 1.63 1998 0.48 1.26 0.22 3.87 0.32 1.51 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.12 2.04 0.08 1.37 0.02 1.28 0.04 1.77 1999 1.42 1.61 0.62 3.12 0.44 1.46 0.88 2.92 n.a. n.a. 0.21 1.89 0.13 1.46 0.06 1.67 0.20 3.32 2000 4.56 2.22 1.62 2.78 0.91 1.66 1.77 2.32 0.16 7.33 1.23 3.81 0.56 2.37 0.02 1.13 0.69 3.42 2001 7.02 1.84 0.44 1.18 1.22 1.54 2.02 1.65 1.01 6.54 2.91 2.74 0.56 1.57 0.64 4.48 0.19 1.20 2002 3.67 1.24 2.34 1.79 1.33 1.38 1.17 1.23 1.16 1.97 3.09 1.67 0.77 1.51 1.80 3.20 0.14 1.12 2003 8.25 1.43 2.00 1.38 2.31 1.48 1.53 1.24 4.50 2.91 5.93 1.77 0.99 1.43 0.91 1.35 0.90 1.69 2004 11.85 1.43 2.89 1.39 4.06 1.57 5.43 1.70 6.42 1.94 15.35 2.13 2.60 1.79 3.99 2.13 1.94 1.88 2005 1.42 1.04 5.13 1.50 5.65 1.50 4.86 1.37 2.97 1.22 34.73 2.20 5.40 1.92 3.78 1.50 4.12 1.99 2006 8.54 1.21 10.40 1.68 10.03 1.60 4.25 1.23 8.62 1.53 41.03 1.64 10.74 1.95 3.10 1.27 5.84 1.71 2007 15.45 1.31 4.75 1.18 12.45 1.46 11.12 1.50 7.01 1.28 13.70 1.13 29.99 2.36 6.12 1.42 7.67 1.54 2008 10.85 1.17 13.54 1.44 14.86 1.38 12.59 1.38 2.81 1.09 1.44 1.01 33.68 1.65 9.16 1.45 6.62 1.30 2009 6.89 1.09 10.80 1.25 24.96 1.46 10.54 1.23 12.97 1.37 1.09 0.99 25.67 1.30 7.70 1.26 5.95 1.21 2010 6.72 1.08 9.60 1.18 4.48 1.06 4.22 1.07 6.67 1.14 1.64 0.99 13.93 1.13 11.30 1.30 6.85 1.20 2011 10.11 1.11 5.73 1.09 3.92 1.05 2.41 1.04 4.92 1.09 4.23 1.04 16.31 1.13 1.37 1.03 18.67 1.45 2012 7.42 1.07 13.41 1.19 4.09 1.05 2.16 1.03 0.06 1.00 9.00 1.07 6.06 1.04 8.21 1.16 14.89 1.25 Source: Author s elaboration Note: Over the period 19841991 both Ω MCS,i,y and Φ MCS,i,y are negligible, hence the estimates are not reported
Appendix G. ICT Marginal Growths and Replication... 275 Table G.2 IU marginal growths and replication coefficients Armenia Bolivia Congo Egypt El Salvador Georgia Ghana Guyana Honduras India ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y 1996 0.04 1.79 0.13 2.94 n.a. n.a. 0.03 1.96 n.a. n.a. 0.03 3.38 0.01 16.24 n.a. n.a. 0.01 1.19 0.02 1.77 1997 0.02 1.18 0.25 2.28 0.00 0.98 0.03 1.47 0.17 2.97 0.02 1.52 0.02 4.87 0.07 2.00 0.13 3.91 0.02 1.53 1998 0.02 1.15 0.18 1.40 0.00 0.98 0.06 1.64 0.17 1.65 0.04 1.69 0.00 1.17 0.13 2.00 0.13 1.76 0.07 1.96 1999 0.84 7.55 0.36 1.57 0.01 4.92 0.14 1.96 0.42 1.99 0.31 4.05 0.07 3.25 3.70 15.02 0.27 1.90 0.13 1.97 2000 0.33 1.34 0.46 1.47 0.01 1.57 0.35 2.21 0.33 1.39 0.07 1.16 0.05 1.46 2.65 1.67 0.63 2.10 0.25 1.93 2001 0.33 1.25 0.68 1.47 0.01 1.22 0.20 1.31 0.32 1.27 0.51 2.05 0.05 1.30 6.60 2.00 0.21 1.18 0.13 1.25 2002 0.33 1.20 1.00 1.47 0.13 4.88 1.88 3.24 0.40 1.27 0.60 1.60 0.63 4.15 0.09 1.01 1.18 1.84 0.88 2.33 2003 2.61 2.33 0.39 1.13 0.30 2.93 1.32 1.48 0.60 1.32 0.97 1.61 0.36 1.44 0.10 1.01 2.20 1.85 0.15 1.10 2004 0.32 1.07 0.93 1.27 0.62 2.34 7.88 2.95 0.70 1.28 1.33 1.52 0.52 1.44 0.00 1.00 0.80 1.17 0.29 1.17 2005 0.35 1.07 0.79 1.18 0.39 1.36 0.83 1.07 1.00 1.31 2.19 1.56 0.11 1.07 0.10 1.01 0.90 1.16 0.41 1.21 2006 0.38 1.07 0.97 1.19 0.54 1.37 0.91 1.07 1.30 1.31 1.45 1.24 0.89 1.49 0.15 1.01 1.30 1.20 0.42 1.17 2007 0.39 1.07 4.30 1.69 0.75 1.37 2.37 1.17 0.61 1.11 0.73 1.10 1.13 1.41 0.15 1.01 1.60 1.21 1.14 1.41 2008 0.19 1.03 2.00 1.19 1.53 1.55 1.98 1.12 3.97 1.65 1.75 1.21 0.42 1.11 4.40 1.32 0.20 1.02 0.43 1.11 2009 9.09 2.46 4.30 1.34 0.21 1.05 7.68 1.43 2.03 1.20 10.06 2.00 1.17 1.27 5.70 1.31 0.20 1.02 0.74 1.17 2010 9.70 1.63 5.60 1.33 0.50 1.11 5.73 1.22 3.79 1.31 6.83 1.34 2.36 1.43 6.00 1.25 1.29 1.13 2.38 1.46 2011 7.00 1.28 7.60 1.34 0.60 1.12 8.41 1.27 3.00 1.19 9.66 1.36 6.31 1.81 1.10 1.04 4.81 1.43 2.57 1.34 2012 7.16 1.22 4.19 1.14 0.51 1.09 4.24 1.11 6.60 1.35 8.94 1.24 3.00 1.21 2.00 1.06 2.22 1.14 2.51 1.25 (continued)
276 Appendix G. ICT Marginal Growths and Replication... Indonesia Lao P.D.R. Mauritania Moldova Mongolia Morocco Nicaragua Nigeria Pakistan Paraguay ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y 1996 0.03 2.17 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.01 2.06 0.00 1.53 0.05 2.80 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1997 0.14 3.44 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.02 6.06 0.09 6.21 0.02 3.81 0.12 2.45 0.01 1.95 0.02 9.21 0.08 4.89 1998 0.06 1.31 n.a. n.a. 0.04 9.73 0.23 9.27 0.03 1.29 0.12 6.58 0.10 1.47 0.01 1.46 0.02 1.60 0.10 1.96 1999 0.19 1.74 0.03 3.91 0.08 2.92 0.34 2.30 0.36 3.49 0.03 1.23 0.19 1.64 0.02 1.63 0.01 1.26 0.19 1.96 2000 0.48 2.08 0.07 2.94 0.07 1.62 0.68 2.14 0.75 2.47 0.52 3.95 0.48 1.97 0.02 1.56 0.61 12.10 0.37 1.96 2001 1.09 2.18 0.07 1.64 0.07 1.36 0.20 1.16 0.40 1.32 0.68 1.98 0.47 1.48 0.03 1.40 0.65 1.97 0.35 1.47 2002 0.12 1.06 0.09 1.47 0.10 1.39 2.30 2.55 0.39 1.23 1.00 1.73 0.27 1.18 0.23 3.56 1.26 1.95 0.70 1.63 2003 0.25 1.12 0.07 1.25 0.06 1.17 3.62 1.96 0.36 1.18 0.98 1.41 0.17 1.10 0.24 1.74 2.46 1.96 0.32 1.18 2004 0.21 1.09 0.03 1.08 0.06 1.14 3.22 1.43 0.50 1.21 8.25 3.46 0.44 1.23 0.73 2.30 1.12 1.22 1.34 1.63 2005 1.00 1.39 0.49 2.35 0.19 1.39 4.00 1.38 0.60 1.21 3.48 1.30 0.25 1.11 2.26 2.76 0.17 1.03 4.45 2.29 2006 1.16 1.32 0.32 1.38 0.31 1.46 4.99 1.34 0.80 1.23 4.69 1.31 0.24 1.09 2.00 1.56 0.17 1.03 0.06 1.01 2007 1.02 1.21 0.47 1.40 0.45 1.46 0.83 1.04 4.70 2.09 1.73 1.09 1.09 1.39 1.22 1.22 0.30 1.05 3.25 1.41 2008 2.13 1.37 1.91 2.16 0.44 1.30 2.94 1.14 0.80 1.09 11.60 1.54 1.40 1.36 9.09 2.34 0.20 1.03 3.06 1.27 2009 1.00 0.87 2.45 1.69 0.41 1.22 4.11 1.18 0.20 1.02 8.20 1.25 2.00 1.38 4.14 1.26 0.50 1.07 4.63 1.32 2010 4.00 1.58 1.00 1.17 1.72 1.75 4.80 1.17 0.20 1.02 10.70 1.26 2.70 1.37 4.00 1.20 0.50 1.07 0.90 1.05 2011 1.36 1.12 2.00 1.29 0.50 1.13 5.70 1.18 2.30 1.23 1.00 1.02 0.60 1.06 4.43 1.18 1.00 1.13 4.10 1.21 2012 3.08 1.25 1.75 1.19 0.87 1.19 5.37 1.14 3.90 1.31 2.00 1.04 2.90 1.27 4.45 1.16 0.96 1.11 3.18 1.13
Appendix G. ICT Marginal Growths and Replication... 277 Philippines Senegal Sri Lanka Swaziland Syria Ukraine Viet Nam Yemen Zambia ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y ΩIU,i,y ΦIU,i,y 1996 0.03 1.96 0.01 16.22 0.05 8.93 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.06 2.29 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1997 0.08 2.45 0.02 2.43 0.11 1.98 0.04 1.76 n.a. n.a. 0.10 2.02 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1998 0.97 8.06 0.05 2.92 0.13 0.82 0.01 1.09 0.03 1.95 0.10 1.51 0.01 3.28 0.01 1.55 0.02 3.24 1999 0.33 1.30 0.23 3.89 0.05 0.18 0.37 4.90 0.06 1.95 0.10 1.35 0.12 9.86 0.03 2.43 0.12 4.87 2000 0.55 1.38 0.09 1.30 0.30 0.86 0.46 1.97 0.06 1.46 0.31 1.77 0.13 1.97 0.03 1.46 0.04 1.30 2001 0.54 1.27 0.58 2.44 0.15 0.23 0.36 1.38 0.17 1.95 0.52 1.73 1.01 4.98 0.01 1.10 0.04 1.22 2002 1.81 1.72 0.02 1.02 0.26 0.32 0.53 1.42 1.74 5.92 0.64 1.51 0.59 1.47 0.43 5.71 0.24 2.05 2003 0.53 1.12 1.09 2.09 0.41 0.39 0.62 1.34 1.30 1.62 1.27 1.68 1.93 2.04 0.09 1.17 0.50 2.05 2004 0.39 1.08 2.28 2.09 0.01 0.01 0.79 1.32 0.92 1.27 0.34 1.11 3.86 2.02 0.28 1.46 1.03 2.05 2005 0.15 1.03 0.40 1.09 0.35 0.24 0.47 1.15 1.33 1.31 0.26 1.07 5.10 1.67 0.17 1.19 0.84 1.42 2006 0.34 1.06 0.83 1.17 0.75 0.42 0.00 1.00 2.18 1.39 0.76 1.20 4.51 1.35 0.20 1.19 1.31 1.46 2007 0.23 1.04 2.09 1.37 1.34 0.53 0.40 1.11 3.67 1.47 2.04 1.45 3.50 1.20 3.76 4.01 0.71 1.17 2008 0.25 1.04 2.90 1.38 1.92 0.49 2.75 1.67 2.50 1.22 4.45 1.68 3.16 1.15 1.88 1.38 0.68 1.14 2009 2.78 1.45 3.90 1.37 2.98 0.51 2.09 1.31 3.30 1.24 6.90 1.63 2.63 1.11 3.07 1.45 0.76 1.14 2010 16.00 2.78 1.50 1.10 3.22 0.37 2.10 1.23 3.40 1.20 5.40 1.30 4.10 1.15 2.39 1.24 3.69 1.58 2011 4.00 1.16 1.50 1.09 3.00 0.25 7.09 1.64 1.80 1.09 5.41 1.23 4.42 1.14 2.56 1.21 1.50 1.15 2012 7.24 1.25 1.70 1.10 3.29 0.22 2.65 1.15 1.80 1.08 4.99 1.17 4.42 1.13 2.54 1.17 1.97 1.17
Appendix H. Mobile Cellular Telephony and Internet Users Penetration Rates: Determinants. Correlation Matrices. Low-Income and Lower-Middle-Income Economies. Period 19972012 # Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 E. Lechman, ICT Diffusion in Developing Countries, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-18254-4 279
280 Appendix H. Mobile Cellular Telephony and Internet Users Penetration Rates... Table H.1 Mobile cellular telephony penetration rates determinants. Correlations and joint sample sizes. 16 low-income Economies (outliers excluded) Time coverage MCS i,y GDPPPPpc i,y Call i,y SMS i,y FTL i,y School i,y PopDens i,y Urban i,y MCSi,y 19972012 GDPPPPpc i,y 19972012 0.46 (213) Call i,y 19972012 (with breaks 0.23 in time series) (186) SMSi,y 19972012 (with breaks 0.36 in time series) (116) FTL i,y 19972012 0.29 (228) School i,y 19972012 (with breaks 0.28 in time series) (200) PopDens i,y 19972012 0.14 (228) Urban i,y 19972012 0.19 (228) Source: Author s calculations Note: Joint sample sizes reported below coefficients 0.27 (181) 0.36 (115) 0.35 (231) 0.27 (202) 0.23 (231) 0.37 (231) 0.61 (114) 0.13 (186) 0.10 (164) 0.31 (186) 0.22 (186) 0.21 (116) 0.10 (105) 0.16 (116) 0.16 (116) 0.25 (214) 0.04 (246) 0.23 (246) 0.21 (214) 0.09 (214) 0.05 (246)
Appendix H. Mobile Cellular Telephony and Internet Users Penetration Rates... 281 Table H.2 Mobile cellular telephony penetration rates affordability. 16 low-income economies (outliers excluded). Time coverage MCSi,y MCSIPBi,y CallsMonthi,y SMSMonthi,y MCSChargeMonthi,y MCSi,y 19972012 MCSIPB i,y 20082012 (with breaks in time series) 0.36 (61) CallsMonthi,y 19972012 (with breaks in time series) 0.52 (181) SMSMonth i,y 19972012 (with breaks in time series) 0.59 (115) MCSChargeMonth i,y 19972012 (with breaks in time series) 0.64 (81) Source: Author s calculations Note: Joint sample sizes reported below coefficients 0.61 (60) 0.60 (59) 0.26 (21) 0.88 (114) 0.29 (81) 0.46 (61)