GR QUIZ WITH ANS KEY Cellular Processes Part I: Multiple Choice 1. In leaf cell, the synthesis of ATP occurs in which of the following? I. Ribosomes II. Mitochondria III. Chloroplasts A. I only B. II only C. III only D. II and III only E. I, II, and III only 2. During respiration, most ATP is formed as a direct result of the net movement of A. potassium against a concentration gradient B. protons down a concentration gradient C. electrons against a concentration gradient D. electrons through a channel E. sodium ions into the cell 3. The forces moving the H + ions across the membrane at position A are: A) a difference in charge across the membrane and osmosis B) a concentration gradient and the use of hydrogen carriers C) the hydrolysis of ATP and a concentration gradient D) a difference in charge across the membrane and a concentration gradient
4. Predict what would happen if the outer membrane of the mitochondria were lysed. A) The process of phosphorylating ADP would cease because the H+ would flow into the cytosol. B) The ph of the cytosol would increase because H + would flood the cytosol. C) The active transport of H + would cease out of the mitochondrial matrix. D) The ph of the mitochondrial matrix would decrease as H + would flood the matrix. Ans: A 5. What is the purpose of the folds in the inner membrane of the mitochondria? A) The folds allow for glucose to bind to more places on the membrane during glycolysis. B) The folds provide increased surface area for the processes of the electron transport chain to occur. C) The folds provide greater surface area for the transport of sodium ions during cellular respiration. D) The folds provide surface area for the attachment of endocrine cells that secrete hormones involved in digestion. 6. The organelle that is a major producer of ATP and is found in both heterotrophs and autotrophs is the A) chloroplast B) nucleus C) ribosome D) mitochondrion 7. Which of the following is an important difference between light-dependent and lightindependent reactions of photosynthesis? A) The light-dependent reactions occur only during the day; the light-independent reactions occur only during the night. B) The light-dependent reactions occur in the cytoplasm; the light-independent reactions occur in chloroplasts. C) The light-dependent reactions produce ATP and NADPH; the light-independent reactions use stored energy in ATP and NADPH. D) The light-dependent reactions utilize CO 2 and H 2 O; the light-independent reactions produce CO 2 and H 2 O. 8. A customer observes that a particular potted plant in a restaurant was bigger and greener than other plants in the room. When asked, the owner said that he poured leftover club soda (carbonated water) into that plant s pot every day. Which of the following best explains how the club soda affected that plant s growth? A) The basic ph of the club soda caused the plant to grow rapidly. B) The roots received more moisture, and the leaves were exposed to more CO 2. C) Oxygen bubbles from the club soda oxygenated the grill. D) The roots absorbed the CO 2 necessary for photosynthesis. 9. Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert the light energy captured from the sun into chemical energy that can be used to fuel the organism's activities. All
of the following could reduce the yield of photosynthetic products EXCEPT A) Increased photorespiration B) Fewer Calvin Cycle enzymes C) Reduced carbon dioxide concentrations in the air spaces of the leaf D) Increased frequency of stomata openings Questions 10-12 In a classroom experiment designed to test the effects of various environmental variables on the rate of photosynthesis, each group of students cut 40 identical leaf disks and removed the air bubbles from the spongy mesophyll layer of the leaf disks using the barrel of a syringe as a vacuum; the volume of the air bubbles was replaced with water, which caused the previously-buoyant leaf disks to sink when placed into a cup of water. Twenty leaf disks were placed in a cup containing 200 ml of distilled water, while another twenty leaf disks were placed in a clear cup containing 200 ml of a 0.5% sodium bicarbonate solution. Once all the leaf disks in each cup had sunk to the bottom, both cups were set 30 centimeters away from a 60 watt light source. Students recorded the number of leaf disks that were floating at one-minute intervals until all of the leaf disks in at least one of the cups were floating. The students results are shown in the table below. 10. Based on the data, what is the median time in minutes for the leaf disks in the bicarbonate solution to rise? A) Between 9 and 10 minutes B) Between 10 and 11 minutes C) Between 11 and 12 minutes D) After 12 minutes 11. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the results of the leaf disks in the cup labeled distilled water?
A) The student did not properly remove the air from the leaf disks during the laboratory set-up, which caused none of the leaf disks to rise during the experimental period. B) Since the leaf disks lacked a critical reactant to perform photosynthesis, they did not rise during the experimental period. C) The lack of light prevented the leaf disks from rising. D) The cups were mislabeled; the leaf disks in the cup labeled distilled water were actually immersed in a 0.5% bicarbonate solution, which prevented them from rising. 12. After completing the experiment described above, students designed their own experiments to test various environmental factors on the relative rate of photosynthesis. One student set up two cups, each with 200 ml of 0.5% bicarbonate solution. The bicarbonate solution of one cup was heated to 35 degrees Celsius, while the other was kept 20 degrees Celsius. She cut out 40 identical leaf disks and removed the air from each leaf disks using a syringe plunger to create a vacuum. She then sank twenty leaf disks to the bottom of each cup. She exposed each cup to a 60 watt light source, and kept each cup at a distance of 20 centimeters from the light source. Which of the following best summarizes the question the student was investigating? A) How does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis? B) What is the effect of bicarbonate on the rate of oxygen production in spinach? C) How is the rate of photosynthesis affected by temperature? D) Which type of plant is most effective at performing photosynthesis? 13. In the following reaction, in what process was H2O produced? C6H12O6 + 6 O2! 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy A) Glycolysis B) Krebs cycle C) ETC/Oxidative Phosphorylation D) Fermentation 14. Which of the following correctly matches the reaction with the location in which it occurs? a. Glycolysis in matrix; electron transport chain in cytoplasm; krebs cycle in intermembrane space b. Glycolysis in matrix; electron transport chain in inner membrane; Krebs cycle in cytoplasm c. Glycolysis in cytoplasm; electron transport chain in outer membrane; Krebs cycle in intermembrane space d. Glycolysis in cytoplasm; electron transport chain in inner membrane; Krebs cycle in matrix 15. The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event? A) the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA B) glycolysis C) accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain D) the citric acid cycle E) the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP
16. A molecule originating in organ Z moves through the bloodstream and eventually binds to a receptor in the cytoplasm of a target cell. This molecule exhibits and is likely a(n). a. Paracrine signaling; quorum b. Endocrine signaling; steroid hormone c. Local signaling; neurotransmitter d. Endocrine signaling; second messenger e. Synaptic signaling; endogenous ligand Questions 17-18 A different student designed an experiment using the same floating disk method. His data is shown on the graph below. 17. Which of the following statements is best supported by this student s data? A) Photosynthesis is affected by the diameter of the leaf disks. B) Chard is more affected by changes in light intensity than other species of plants. C) Kale performs photosynthesis at a slower rate than other plants due to its low number of stomata per cm 2. D) Rates of photosynthesis vary among different species of plants. 18. Based on the data collected, which species of plant had the highest initial rate of photosynthesis? A) ivy C) chard B) spinach D) kale Ans: A 19. Under which of the following conditions would photosynthesis be favored over photorespiration? A) a high concentration of O 2 within the spongy mesophyll of a plant s leaves B) a sunny and windy day in an arid environment C) a high concentration of CO 2 within the spongy mesophyll of a plant s leaves D) the majority of stomata on a plant s leaves are closed
20. Pigments are chemical compounds that reflect only certain wavelengths of visible light. Examine the absorption spectra for three plant pigments shown above. Which of the following statements best represents the data? A) Green light is well-absorbed by chlorophylls. B) Blue light is reflected by the carotenoids. C) Both red and blue light are absorbed by chlorophylls. D) No light is absorbed at 510 nm. 21. In the process of photosynthesis, the production of ATP is directly linked to which of the following? A) The active transport of protons through ATP synthase from the stroma to the thylakoid space. B) The reduction of NADP + to NADPH in the chloroplast. C) The splitting of water in the thylakoid space. D) The diffusion of protons through ATP synthase across the thylakoid membrane. 22. Starting with one molecule of glucose, the "net" products of glycolysis are: A) 2 FADH2, 2 pyruvate, 4 ATP, and 2 H2O. B) 6 CO2, 6 H2O, 36 ATP, and 2 citrate. C) 2 NADH, 2 H+, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP. D) 2 NAD+, 2 H+, 2 pyruvate, 2 H 2 0, and 2 ATP. E) 6 CO2, 6 H2O, 2 ATP, and 2 pyruvate. 23. Which of the following is an example of an exergonic pathway? a. Photosynthesis b. Cellular respiration c. Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration d. The Calvin Cycle
24. Which of the following correctly traces the path of an electron through the light reactions? a. P700! ETC! P680! Photosystem I b. Photosystem II! primary electron acceptor! ETC! Photosystem I c. Photosystem I! primary electron acceptor! Photosystem II! ETC d. Photosystem II! ETC! P680! primary electron acceptor 25. In the Calvin Cycle, is the carbon dioxide acceptor and is the enzyme that binds CO 2 with the acceptor. a. G3P; rubisco b. rubisco; RuBP c. RuBP; G3P d. RuBP; rubisco 26. The pigment molecules in Photosystem I best absorbs a. light of a longer wavelength than Photosystem II. b. light of a shorter wavelength than Photosystem II. c. green light d. UV light Ans: A 27. A phosphorylation cascade is an example of a: a. ligand b. transduction pathway c. cellular response d. receptor protein 28. Allosteric inhibitors affect enzymes by a. directly blocking the active site, preventing binding by the substrate. b. changing the shape of the substrate prior to its binding to the enzyme, causing it to no longer fit in the active site. c. changing the shape of the active site by binding to a different location on the enzyme. d. speeding the rate at which the substrate binds to the enzyme. 29. What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle? A) use ATP to release carbon dioxide B) use NADPH to release carbon dioxide C) transport RuBP out of the chloroplast D) synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide E) split water and release oxygen
Figure 9.2 30. How many reduced electron carriers would be produced with four turns of the citric acid cycle? A) 2 FADH2 and 8 NADH B) 4 FAD+ and 12 NAD+ C) 1 FADH2 and 4 NADH D) 4 FADH2 and 12 NADH E) 1 FAD and 4 NAD+ BONUS: Which portion of an illuminated plant cell would you expect to have the lowest ph? a) Thylakoid membrane b) Thylakoid space c) Stroma of chloroplast d) Cytosol The thylakoid space (C) would be expected to have the lowest ph as protons (H+) are pumped across the thylakoid membrane from the stroma using the energy lost from the excited electrons as they travel down the electron transport chains embedded in the thylakoid membranes. Since H+ accumulates in the thylakoid space, and H+ ions are acidic, the thylakoid space would have the lowest ph of those cellular components listed.