Find your notes, old notebook, and a pencil * On Thursday please bring a calculator!
Describe Photosynthesis: Inputs & outputs? Equation? Factors that impact it What types of organisms do Plants do it photosynthesis? with chloroplasts! What special organelle do they have? How is it similar to & different from cellular respiration? Both transfer energy and matter, but animals don t do photosyn. see diagram
What are the inputs & outputs? How is it that carbon allows organisms to store & release energy? Give examples of energy storage & release in everyday life How is a forest fire like cellular respiration? What factors affect the process of cellular respiration? Sugars store it & ATP releases Plants store it as sugars animals eat it Both take in oxygen & give off Carbon dioxide & Water
What are the major organelles & their See the next slide functions? What are the similarities & differences of plant and animal cells? Why is a cell a system? walls Do plants have mitochondria? Yes -> ATP Both are systems that provide energy and matter needed to live. Plants have chloroplasts & cell What are the similarities and differences of prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells?
ATP
What is it s structure and what molecules does it contain? What s active & passive transport? What is facilitated diffusion and give an example in humans? Describe the importance of osmosis Membranes have sugars, fats, & protein. Active transport need help while passive transport just moves on its own
What is the basic structure of DNA (draw a diagram) What is the function of DNA & what information is stored here? What is the relationship between DNA, genes, chromosomes, amino acids, proteins, and traits? Describe protein synthesis (making proteins) DNA store genetic material for new offspring and for making proteins! See next slide for rest of info
DNA transcribed into mrna mrna leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosomes mrna (codons) match with trna (anticodons) The anticodons bring amino acids to ribosome Amino acids link up to make protein chain
Describe mitosis where does it occur? How many daughter cells are produced? Remember: PMAT (Pedro Makes Amazing Tacos) for Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase How does DNA replicate (or reproduce)?
How are sex cells different from body cells? How are male and female cells different? Why might offspring look different from their parents? What is it called when something goes wrong during meiosis? Mutations happen! What is heterozygous and homozygous? What is dominant & recessive? Wow! Let s split this up!
How are sex cells different from body cells? Each sex cells divide more -> into four cells with ½ the chromosomes New organisms get ½ from each parent genetic variation How are male and female cells different? Female body cells are XX, Male body cells are XY Eggs (female) have food reserves, are bigger and fewer are made. Sperm (male) are smaller, have a tail, & more are made
Heterozygous has different alleles Homozygous has the same alleles Dominant more likely to appear. It covers other traits Recessive less likely to show up. It hides
Why is carbon important? How does carbon move through the environment? Why is nitrogen important and where does it come from? How does energy from the sun get into living things? How and where do living things store energy? Carbon is in all living organisms! It moves through the environment in the carbon cycle with photosynthesis, respiration & decomposition Nitrogen is in the air & is put into the soil by bacteria and lightning Sun s energy is used by plants Energy is stored in sugars, fats, etc. and released with ATP
How do populations change and how does that affect the ecosystem? How could you model population changes? How do organisms in an ecosystem affect one another? What factors can change an ecosystem? What happens if one thing changes drastically in an ecosystem? What is carrying capacity? Populations change from mutations, predation, and habitat changes You model it with a graph All organisms are connected in food webs Fires, extreme weather, new species of organisms, predations, etc -> all effect one another Carrying capacity is the most that fit in an area
Explain, giving examples, how factors can limit growth of a population Resources like food, nesting space, and predators limit population growth What types of changes could come from habitat changes or predators? More predators and fewer spaces reduce populations. Less predators and more space would let it grow! How could non-native species affect a native population? They might compete and take all the resources from a native species or the non-natives might not adapt and die out What conditions would be good for population growth? Lots of food, non-polluted habitat, few predators, etc What are some possible effects of humans moving into an area? They might take away the habitat or build over food plants
How do scientist model changes in ecosystems? How do scientists use models to predict how organism will affect one another? What are some biotic and abiotic factors and how could they affect an ecosystem? Scientists use graphs to model & predict changes! They study how changes happen and then predict and estimate. Biotic Factors: food plants, other animals that compete, predators, diseases, birth rate, death rate, etc Abiotic factors: water availability, minerals, pollution, etc
What is biodiversity What causes some ecosystems to have more biodiversity? How could diversity make an ecosystem more stable? What are the roles of organisms in an ecosystem? Biodiversity is the many different species found in an ecosystem If there are lots of different organism, there are several choices for predators and prey and the prey s food sources. Producer Consumer decomposer
What is meant by a sustainable development? What is a sustainable farming practice? What habitat restoration projects would be good for fish? What are some sustainable types of energy? What type of energy is not sustainable? Sustainable means that resources are replaceable. Farms might reuse animal waste as fertilizer. Getting rid of dams helps fish get to spawning areas Energy that is replaceable: Solar power, wind power, and hydropower (water dams) Fossil fuels like gas, oils, & coal are not replaceable in our lifetimes, so they are called not sustainable
What role do mutations play in genetic variations? How does environment affect evolution? What factors can cause evolution? Give some examples Accidental changes in organisms might give them an advantage to survive Environmental resources determine what trait is an advantage Examples Finch beaks, animals that have a mutation that makes them blend in better with their environment (moth wings), etc