Chapter 5 Review 1. The order of elements in the periodic table is based on a. the number of protons in the nucleus. b. the electric charge of the nucleus. c. the number of neutrons in the nucleus. d. atomic mass. 2. Atoms of elements that are in the same group have the same number of a. protons. c. valence electrons. b. neutrons. d. protons and neutrons. 3. Which of the following elements is an alkali metal? a. calcium c. mercury b. magnesium d. sodium 4. Semiconductors are elements that a. have large atomic masses but small atomic numbers. b. do not form compounds. c. can conduct heat and electricity under certain conditions. d. are extremely hard. 5. Carbon and other nonmetals are found in which area of the periodic table? a. on the left-most side b. on the right side c. in the middle column of the periodic table d. in the bottom rows 6. In Mendeleev s periodic table, elements in each column had similar a. atomic masses. c. atomic numbers b. properties. d. symbols. 7. Magnesium (Mg) is located to the right of sodium (Na) because Mg has a. fewer protons. c. no protons. b. no neutrons. d. more protons. 8. As you move from left to right across the periodic table, elements a. become less metallic. c. have a lower atomic weight. b. have a lower atomic number. d. become more metallic. 9. How was Mendeleev s periodic table arranged? a. by increasing atomic mass c. by increasing atomic number b. by decreasing atomic mass d. by decreasing atomic number 10. What is Mendeleev is known for? a. creating today s atomic model c. publishing the first periodic table b. discovering protons d. discovering Mendelevium 11. When did Mendeleev create a new row in his periodic table? a. when the first atomic mass was doubled b. when chemical properties were repeated c. when there were 10 elements in the row d. when the next element was a nonmetal 12. Mendeleev left gaps in his periodic table because a. the table was too small. c. the table was too full. b. protons belonged there. d. no known elements fit there. 13. Each column of the periodic table is a. an element. c. an isotope. b. a group. d. a period. 14. The periodic law states that elements that have similar properties appear
a. to the left of each other. c. at every tenth element. b. to the right of each other. d. at regular intervals. 15. As you move from up to down in a column of the periodic table, elements have a. fewer protons. c. a higher atomic number. b. a lower atomic number. d. a higher group number. 16. What is the location of elements in the periodic table related to? a. color c. atomic weight b. number of neutrons d. electron arrangement 17. Elements that belong to the same group have the same number of a. valence electrons. c. inner electrons. b. neutral electrons. d. total electrons. 18. Because they differ in numbers of protons in their nuclei and in numbers of electrons in their filled inner energy levels, elements in a group a. have different charges. c. are very interactive. b. are not exactly the same. d. are inert. 19. Atoms that gain or lose electrons are called a. metals. c. ions. b. nonmetals. d. isotopes. 20. Elements that have one valence electron tend to a. be highly reactive. c. become charged. b. form ions. d. All of the above 21. Group 17 elements form a. anions. c. metals. b. cations. d. semiconductors. 22. The three main groups of elements are metals, nonmetals, and a. inert gases. c. radioactive isotopes. b. alkali metals. d. semiconductors. 23. Most elements are a. metals. c. metalloids. b. nonmetals. d. semiconductors. 24. Most elements on the left side of the periodic table are a. semiconductors. c. nonmetals. b. metals. d. metalloids. 25. Most nonmetals are a. brittle. c. metalloids. b. good conductors. d. shiny. 26. Each element in an element family shares the same a. average atomic mass. c. number of valence electrons. b. number of protons. d. atomic number 27. Elements in an element family have similar a. atomic symbols. c. atomic weights. b. atomic sizes. d. chemical properties. 28. How do you know that potassium, an alkali metal, is highly reactive? a. It conducts heat. c. It is a soft and shiny metal. b. It conducts electricity. d. It has one valence electron. 29. Which of the following is not true of noble gases? a. They are highly reactive. c. They belong to Group 18. b. They exist as single atoms. d. They are nonmetals. 30. When can semiconductors conduct heat and electricity?
a. under all conditions c. under some conditions b. under almost all conditions d. under no conditions 31. In his version of the periodic table, Mendeleev based his arrangement of the elements on an element s a. atomic number. c. chemical symbol. b. name. d. atomic mass. 32. The order of elements in the modern periodic table is based on an element s a. atomic number. c. chemical symbol. b. name. d. atomic mass. 33. Elements within the same group in the periodic table have similar properties because they have the same number of a. protons. c. ions. b. neutrons. d. valence electrons. 34. Ionization refers to the process of a. changing from one period to another. c. turning lithium into fluorine. b. losing or gaining protons. d. losing or gaining electrons. 35. Elements that share properties of both metals and nonmetals are called a. ions. c. semiconductors. b. periods. d. valences. 36. Elements in a family often have a similar a. appearance. c. number of total electrons. b. atomic mass. d. number of total protons. 37. Which statement about the alkali metals is correct? a. They are located in the left-most column of the periodic table. b. They are extremely nonreactive. c. They are usually gases. d. They form negative ions with a 1 charge. 38. Which statement about noble gases is correct? a. They form compounds with very bright colors. b. They exist as single atoms rather than as molecules. c. They are highly reactive with both metals and nonmetals. d. They are extremely rare in nature. 39. Group 18 noble gases are relatively inert because a. they readily form positive ions. b. they can have either a positive or a negative charge. c. their outermost energy level is missing one electron. d. their s and p orbitals are filled. 40. Which element is a semiconductor? a. carbon c. sodium b. silicon d. uranium 41. Mendeleev studied the properties of the elements and looked for a. electrons. c. patterns. b. ions. d. protons. 42. As one moves from left to right across a period in the modern periodic table, elements become a. smaller. c. less metallic. b. lighter. d. more unlike each other. 43. Elements that are found in the same group have the same number of a. protons. c. valence electrons. b. neutrons. d. protons and neutrons. 44. A lithium ion is much less reactive than a lithium atom because it a. is much more massive. c. has a negative electric charge.
b. has a filled outer s orbital d. has no charge. 45. Metals tend to be a. gases. c. dull. b. good conductors of heat. d. brittle. 46. Which is not a family of the periodic table? a. alkaline-earth metals c. halogens b. anions d. noble gases 47. Alkali metals are extremely reactive because they a. have very small atomic masses. b. are not solid at room temperature. c. have one valence electron that is easily removed to form a positive ion. d. have two valence electrons that form compounds with calcium and magnesium. 48. Most halogens form compounds by a. gaining an electron to form a negative ion b. losing an electron to form a positive ion. c. losing protons. d. joining with both calcium and carbon. 49. Transition metals such as copper or tungsten form compounds by a. gaining electrons to form negative ions b. losing electrons to form positive ions. c. losing neutrons. d. changing shape and color. 50. Silicon, a semiconductor, is often found in a. air. c. steel. b. computers. d. wood. Complete each statement. 51. The order of elements in the periodic table is based on the number of in the nucleus. 52.Because atoms of elements in the same group of the periodic table have the same number of, they have similar properties. 53. The most familiar semiconductor,, is one of the most abundant elements in Earth s crust. 54. Neon is an inert gas because its outer is full of electrons. 55. Group 17 halogens form compounds by gaining an electron to become. 56. One of the important ideas about Mendeleev s periodic table was that he predicted new. 57. The periodic law states that, in the modern periodic table, elements with similar appear at regular intervals. 58. A group s elements react similarly because of their. 59. Some elements are highly because their outermost energy levels are only partially filled. 60. Elements that are usually shiny are.
61. The elements in a family in the periodic table have similar and properties. 62. The are located in the center of the periodic table. 63. Noble gases are nonreactive gaseous elements that are located in Group in the periodic table. 64. Elements called can conduct heat and electricity under certain conditions 65. Mendeleev started a new in his periodic table when properties repeated. 66. The states that when elements are arranged by atomic number, elements with similar properties appear at regular intervals. 67. The number of valence electrons largely determines the properties of each group in the periodic table. 68. The valence electron of a lithium atom is easily removed to form a lithium with a charge of 1+. 69. Nonmetals are sometimes called because they do not conduct heat or electricity well. 70. The metals are divided into three families, based on the number of they have. 71. Group 1 of the periodic table consists of the, a highly reactive group of elements. 72. The are reactive elements in Group 17 in the periodic table. 73. Six elements called, or, are not metals but have some properties of metals. Matching Match each item with the correct statement below. a. halogens d. semiconductors b. alkaline-earth metals e. alkali metals c. transition metals 74. elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals 75. reactive elements of Group 17 that are poor conductors 76. highly reactive elements that belong to Group 1
77. elements that belong to Groups 3-12 and are somewhat reactive 78. Group 2 elements that have two valence electrons Problem 79. Use the periodic table to determine the molar mass of the element listed. Round the molar mass to two places to the right of the decimal. scandium g/mol 80. Use the periodic table to determine the molar mass of the element listed. Round the molar mass to two places to the right of the decimal. zinc g/mol 81. Use the periodic table to determine the molar mass of the element listed. Round the molar mass to two places to the right of the decimal. phosphorus g/mol Essay 82. What does it mean to say that some elements are reactive and form ions easily whereas others do not? 83. Explain how a chemist defines a metal, and explain the difference between metals and nonmetals. 84. Relate an element s chemical properties to the arrangement of electrons in its atoms. Give at least two examples. 85. Why might a jewelry designer prefer to work with a metal rather than a nonmetal? Explain your answer. 86. Explain why the periodic table is important to chemists.
Chapter 5 Review Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 STA: NS.11.PS.4 2. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 STA: NS.11.PS.4 3. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3 STA: C.1.PS.1 4. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 OBJ: 4 STA: C.1.PS.1 5. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 STA: C.1.PS.1 6. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 7. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 8. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 9. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 10. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 11. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 12. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 13. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 14. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 15. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 16. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 17. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 18. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 19. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 20. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 21. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2
22. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 23. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 24. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 25. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 26. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 27. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 28. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 29. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 30. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 OBJ: 4 31. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 32. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 33. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 34. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 35. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 36. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 37. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 38. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 39. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 40. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 OBJ: 4 41. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 42. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 43. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 44. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 45. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 46. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3
47. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 48. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 49. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 50. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 OBJ: 4 COMPLETION 51. ANS: protons PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 STA: NS.11.PS.4 52. ANS: valence electrons PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 STA: C.1.PS.7 53. ANS: silicon PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3 OBJ: 4 STA: C.1.PS.7 54. ANS: energy level PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 STA: C.1.PS.7 55. ANS: negative ions PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 STA: C.1.PS.7 56. ANS: elements PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 57. ANS: properties PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 58. ANS: valence electrons PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 59. ANS: reactive PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 60. ANS: metals PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 61. ANS: physical; chemical
PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3 62. ANS: transition metals PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 63. ANS: 18 PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 64. ANS: semiconductors metalloids PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 OBJ: 4 65. ANS: row PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 66. ANS: periodic law PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 67. ANS: chemical PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 68. ANS: ion cation PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 69. ANS: insulators PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 2 70. ANS: valence electrons PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 71. ANS: alkali metals PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 72. ANS: halogens PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 73. ANS: semiconductors; metalloids PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 OBJ: 4 MATCHING 74. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 OBJ: 4 75. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 76. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3
77. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 78. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 PROBLEM 79. ANS: 44.96 PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 1 STA: C.1.PS.14 80. ANS: 65.39 PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 1 STA: C.1.PS.14 81. ANS: 30.97 PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 1 STA: C.1.PS.14 ESSAY 82. ANS: Some elements are reactive because the outermost energy levels of their atoms are only partially filled. Therefore, these atoms can easily gain or lose electrons to form ions. The atoms of nonreactive elements have filled outermost energy levels. PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 2 STA: C.1.PS.6 83. ANS: Metals are elements that exist usually as solids and can conduct heat and electricity. Nonmetals may exist as solids, liquids, or gases and do not conduct heat or electricity. PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 3 STA: C.1.PS.7 84. ANS: Whether an atom s outermost energy level is full determines whether it is reactive or nonreactive. For example, alkali metals such as sodium, which have only one valence electron that can be easily removed, are highly reactive. Alkaline-earth metals, such as calcium and magnesium, which have two valence electrons, are still reactive but not as reactive as alkali metals. PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 3 STA: C.1.PS.7 85. ANS:
Metals are easily shaped or formed (malleable) and easily drawn into wires (ductile). Nonmetals are not malleable or ductile. Metals are also shiny and nonmetals are not shiny. PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 2 86. ANS: The periodic table is important to chemists because it organizes the elements by atomic number and by properties. In the periodic table, you can easily find elements with similar physical and chemical properties because they are in the same group, or perhaps in the same family. PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 1