Microlensing Planets (and Beyond) In the Era of Large Surveys Andy Gould (OSU)

Einstein (1912) [Renn, Sauer, Stachel 1997, Science 275, 184]

Mao & Paczynski Microlens Planet Searches

Gould & Loeb Survey + Follow Up

How Microlensing Finds Planets

Microlensing Past

OGLE 2005 BLG 390 Classical Followup Planetary Caustic Beaulieu et al. 2006, Nature, 439, 437

OGLE 2005 BLG 169: Second Cold Neptune

Tale of Two Planets OGLE 2005 BLG 390 OGLE 2005 BLG 169 q = 8e 5 q = 8e 5 M_* = 0.2 M_sun M_* = 0.5 M_sun M_p = 5.5 M_earth M_p = 13 M_earth D = 7 kpc D = 3 kpc a = 3 AU a = 4 AU T = 50 K T = 70 K Low mag Event High mag Event (1 det)/(4.4 probed) (1 det)/(2.25 probed)

OGLE 2006 BLG 109: Without Followup Observations

OGLE 2006 BLG 109 First Solar System Analog Gaudi et al. 2008, Science, 319, 927

Amateurs + Professionals Grant, Ian, Jennie, Phil

Five Lightcurve Features 1+2+3+5=Saturn 4=Jupiter

MOA 2007 BLG 400 Buried Jovian Mass Planet

Relation of Mass and Distance to Lensing Observables

To measure parallax: Standard Observer Plane Rulers

To measure angular Einstein Radius: Standard Sky Plane Rulers

Terrestrial Parallax: Simultaneous Observations on Earth

OGLE 2007 BLG 224 Canaries South Africa Chile

OGLE 2005 BLG 071 st st nd 1 High Mag, 1 FUN, 2 Planet Udalski et al. 2005, ApJ, 628, L109

1 D Parallax Measurement

Blended Light Detected with HST

Differential V/I source+blend proper motion from 2 HST epochs

Multiple Partial Information OGLE 2005 BLG 071 (Dong et al)

Most Likely: M dwarf + Super Jupiter

Jupiters Orbiting M dwarfs OGLE 2005 BLG 071 MOA 2009 BLG 387

MOA 2009 BLG 387 Batista et al. 2011, A&A 529 102

MOA 2009 BLG 387: M dwarf + Super Jupiter Batista et al. 2011, A&A 529 102

OGLE 2008 BLG 279: A = 1600 Yee et al. 2009, ApJ, 730, 2082

Planet Sensitivity OGLE 2008 BLG 279

OGLE 2007 BLG 050: A = 432 Batista et al. 2009, A&A, 508, 467

Planet Sensitivity OGLE 2007 BLG 050

Well covered events: fair sample (Amax>200) Well Covered All Events

Planet Sensitivity Vs. Detections

RV & Microlensing Inside vs Outside Snow Line

Solar System is Richer than Average... But Not Dramatically So

Planets 2010

Planets 2011

Initiatives MOA: 1.8m tel, 2.2 sq.deg, 85 MegaPixel camera (New Zealand) OGLE: 1.3m tel, 1.6 sq.deg. 256 MegaPixel camera (Chile) KOREA: KASI wins national competition. > US$30M for three 2m tels, 4 sq.deg, 324 MegaPixel (South Africa, Chile, Australia) [KMTNet] (first light: 2013) +Wise: 1m tel 1.0 sq.deg. Israel

Planetary events by impact parameter

Microlensing Present

MOA 2009 BLG 266 Muraki et al. (2011, ApJ 741 22) Gen 1.5 Cold Neptune

MOA 2011 BLG 293 Yee et al. (2012, ApJ, 755, 102) Gen 1.5 M dwarf/super Jup candidate

OGLE 2012 BLG 0026 Han et al. (2013, ApJ, 762, L28) Gen 1.5 Two Planet System

New Population of Brown Dwarf Binaries Choi et al. (2013, ApJ, 768, 129)

Complete Orbital Solutions Shin et al. (2011, ApJ, 735, 85)

Complete Orbital Solutions: II Shin et al. (2012, ApJ, 755, 91)

Is Microlensing Testable? Gould et al. (2013, ApJ, 768, 126) OGLE 2011 BLG 0417

A New Type of System OGLE 2013 BLG 0341

Intermediate binary + Planet orbiting 1 star OGLE 2013 BLG 0341

Earth mass planet orbiting late M dwarf OGLE 2013 BLG 0341

Intermediate binary + Planet orbiting 1 star OGLE 2013 BLG 0341

Central caustic distortion confirms planet OGLE 2013 BLG 0341

MOA Point Lens Events Sumi et al. 2011, Nature, 473, 349

Free Floating Planets Point Lens Events w/o FFPs (short)

FFP Best Fit Characteristics

Microlensing Future

Korean Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet)

From Design...

... To Construction

The Bulge Never Set on KMTNet (at least in June)

What Can We Expect? Several dozen planets per year beyond snowline Super Earths to Super Jupiters Well defined statistical sample Many low mass star and BD binaries with masses and orbits Free Floating planet frequency down to Neptunes Many surprises

Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Dynamic Successor to SDSS... And Microlensing Surveys!

LSST Microlensing Potential Galactic Distribution of Planets

LSST Sky Coverage

Seeing Better In Space (also weather)

WFIRST

Conclusions First Gen: Probed New Parameter Space Gen 1.5: New Populations, New Effects Free floating planets, Cold earths, BDs Orbital Motion; Contact with RV NextGen experiments will increase 10 fold Cold neptunes, Solar like systems, Mdwarf/Super jupiters MOA/OGLE/KMTNet WFIRST/EUCLID would increase 10 fold again