CCHS 2014_2015 Biology Fall Semester Exam Review Biomolecule General Knowledge Macromolecule Monomer (building block) Function Structure 1. What type of biomolecule is hair, skin, and nails? Energy Storage 2. What is the polymer of a nucleotide? 3. Which of the macromolecule groups include enzymes? Glycerol/Fatty Acid 4. Which group contains only molecules that are each assembled from smaller organic monomers? (circle answer) Nucleic Acid Enzyme a. proteins, water, DNA, fats b. proteins, starch, carbon dioxide, water c. proteins, DNA, fats, starch d. proteins, carbon dioxide, DNA, starch 5. Whales are marine organisms that typically live in extremely cold water. What macromolecule composes the thick layer of blubber that surrounds their internal organs? Explain your answer. Cell Cycle 1. State what occurs at the following: a. G1- b. S C. G2- d. M - 2. What is the end result after M stage is completed? 3. Explain why it is important that mitosis occurs after DNA replication takes place. 4. A mutation occurred at M stage and caused uncontrolled cell growth, also known as Cell Transport and Homeostasis 1. Which illustration above would best represent what would happen to a plant cell placed in a 15% salt solution? 2. Which illustration above would best represent what would happen to a plant cell placed in distilled water (0% salt)? 3. Which of the plant cells demonstrates being under high turgor pressure? 4. What plant cell structure most likely prevents a situation found in cell 4? 5. Underneath each cell, label as isotonic, hypertonic or hypotonic. Ecology General Knowledge 1. List 2 abiotic factors: 2. List 2 biotic factors: 3. Identify one organism represented in the diagram that provides the vital link for the transfer of energy from the Sun to the other organisms in the ecosystem. 4. Identify one predator/prey relationship that may occur in this ecosystem. 5. State one piece of evidence from the diagram that indicates that light penetrates to the bottom of the lake. 6. Identify the type of organism that is not visible in the diagram but must present in this ecosystem to recycle the remains of dead organisms. 7. Based on the diagram would you say this is a stable or unstable ecosystem? Explain. 8. Discuss what would happened to the ecosystem above if the top predator (bird) was removed.
DNA Structure 1. The structure to the right depicts a. 2. The backbone or sides of the DNA double helix are made up of alternating and. 3. is the sugar of DNA. 7. Label the following on the DNA strand to the left: Use the letter P to label ONE phosphate molecule Use the letter S to label ONE sugar molecule 4. The genetic information is stored in the of the DNA nucleotide. 5. List the DNA base pair rules. 6. If the amount of cytosine equals 35%, what percentage of the bases is thymine? Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells Draw an arrow and use the letter H to label ONE hydrogen bond CIRCLE and LABEL one nucleotide Label ALL of the missing nitrogen bases 1. In Biology class, Joe was looking through a microscope at an unlabeled single-celled organism. How would Joe be able to determine if the unknown organism was prokaryotic or eukaryotic? 2. Cell Type: Characteristic Present Not Present Free floating genetic material Ribosome Cytoplasm Cell Membrane 3. Cell Type: Characteristic Present Not Present Nucleus Ribosome Cytoplasm Cell Membrane 4. Cell Type: Characteristic Present Not Present Mitochondria Vacuole Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosome 5. Cell Type: Characteristic Present Not Present Nucleus Cell Membrane Enzyme Reactions 1. What is the function of an enzyme? 2. Label structures A, B and C on the diagram A C B D 3. What is the function of the catalase in this reaction? 4. Identify the substrate in this reaction. 5. List 2 factors that could denature the catalase in this reaction. Carbon Cycles 1. What is the process that converts carbon dioxide into energy rich compounds? 2. What processes release carbon back into the atmosphere? 3. How do plants and animals help maintain a balance of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? 4. Using the cycle diagram, what human activity has contributed to increased amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
CCHS 2014_2015 Biology Fall Semester Exam Review Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration General Knowledge Using the image, write the chemical equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration. 1. Photosynthesis 2. Cellular Respiration 3. Complete the table based on the equations you wrote above. Reactant(s) Product(s) Organelle Involved Photosynthesis 4. Use the diagram above to identify substance and Y Y Cellular Respiration The relationship between the respiration of yeast cells and the amount of nutrients available to yeast cells is investigated. The amount of respiration that occurs is indicated by the amount of carbon dioxide (CO 2) produced. It is predicted that if yeast cells are given more nutrients, then the rate of respiration will increase. The results are graphed as shown. 5. Identify the dependent variable in this experiment. 6. Identify the independent variable in this experiment. 7. Draw a conclusion based on the data in the graph. Protein Synthesis Labeling Label each number in the diagram 1. 6. 2. 7. 3. 8. 4. 9. 5. 10. Cytoplasm DNA Ribosome Anticodon trna Codon Amino acid mrna Protein Nucleus 1. What cellular process is illustrated between numbers 1 and 2? 2. What cellular process is illustrated between numbers 6 and 7? 3. Which of the following sequence best represents the relationship between DNA and traits?
Cell Structure and Function 2. What is the name of the structure that would release carbon dioxide as a waste product? 3. Do both of the cells contain the organelle from question 2? WHY or WHY NOT? 4. How does the cell membrane help maintain homeostasis? 1. List three structures that would be found in the cell above left, but NOT in the cell to the right. Changes in the Cell Cycle In Diagram A, cells are undergoing normal cell growth. What would uncontrolled cell growth look like? Use Diagram B to depict this process. 5. Which of the structures contains the information needed for protein synthesis? 1. What environmental factors can potentially lead to disruption in mitosis? 2. Patient has been diagnosed with cancer. Over the last six months, uncontrolled cell division has steadily increased. The patient had chemotherapy to destroy the tumor. Cell division has returned to normal. Sketch a graph that illustrates this. Active Transport 1. ATP would be used in which of these cells to transport the molecules? 2. Identify the types of cell transport being used in each cell as active or passive. Cell A= Cell B= 3. Based on your previous knowledge, where is ATP manufactured within the cell? Ecological Relationships Symbiosis Examine the picture cards at the station. On the back of each picture card you will find a simple explanation. Use this explanation for the example column along with your knowledge of biology to complete the table below. 1. Define Symbosis: Type of Symbiosis Definition Example Predation Competition Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism 2. Using the organisms from the food web to the right, identify an example of the following types of symbiosis. Parasitism: Competition: Predator/Prey:
CCHS 2014_2015 Biology Fall Semester Exam Review DNA vs RNA 1. Which structure above most accurately depicts the structure of DNA? 2. The shape of DNA is called a. 3. What model above represents a RNA structure? 4. DNA and RNA have similarities and differences. Fill in the table below using your previous knowledge. DNA BOTH RNA Ecology Limiting Factors 1. Gypsy moth caterpillars can destroy Maple trees by eating too many leaves and making them susceptible to disease or drought. Which student has correctly identified the limiting factors for Maple trees associated with an invasion of gypsy moth caterpillars? (circle the answer) Student Population of Gypsy Moth Disease Drought Caterpillars 1 Density independent Density dependent Density dependent 2 Density dependent Density independent Density independent 3 Density independent Density independent Density dependent 4 Density dependent Density dependent Density independent Aphids are small insects that reproduce during the warm, rainy spring months. The graph below tracks an aphid population over the course of a year during which a drought occurred in the summer. 2. Based on the graph above, what month did the drought most likely occur in? EPLAIN 3. What type of limiting factor is a drought? EPLAIN 4. What can you infer about the decreased aphid population during the fall and winter months? Protein Synthesis 1. The process of going from DNA to mrna is known as. This process occurs only in the of a cell. 2. The process of going from mrna to trna is known as. This process occurs only in the of the cell. 3. Complete the following table. Use the codon chart to determine the amino acid. DNA ATC TAT mrna CCC trna Amino Acid 4. The monomer of a protein is a(n). 5. In what cellular organelle does protein synthesis occur?
Ecology Succession 1. Define ecological succession. 2. List the 2 types of ecological succession. Base your answers to questions 3-9 on the diagram, which represents the changes in an ecosystem over a period of 100 years 3. Name the type of succession represented. 4. Draw a circle around the stage which represents the most stability within the diagramed ecosystem. 5. State one biological explanation for the changes in types of vegetation observed from A through C. 6. Circle the letter in the diagram that represents a climax community. 7. Identify one human activity that could be responsible for the change from C to D. 8. Predict what would happen to the soil and vegetation of this ecosystem after stage F assuming no natural disaster or human interference. 9. Based on your answer to number 8, what type of ecological succession would be occurring? Enzyme-Graph Interpretation 1. What is a valid conclusion based on the information in the graph? 2. Describe enzyme activity? 3. At what temperature has the enzyme begun to denature? 4. Identify the dependent variable based on the information in the graph. 5. What would be an appropriate title for this graph? 6. What is activation energy? 7. Line B in the given graph represents the reaction with a catalyst added to substrates. How did the catalyst affect the reaction? Mutations For each of the following scenarios locate and circle the mutation and then answer the questions. Original DNA ATC TTT GCG CAA TGT Mutation 1 ATC TTT GCG GAA TGT Mutation Type: Original DNA ATC TTT GCG CAA AGT Mutation 2 ATC TTT CGC GCA ATG T Mutation Type: Original DNA ATC TTT GCG CAA AGT Mutation 3 ATC TTG GCG AAT GT Mutation Type: 1. What type(s) of mutation would be the least harmful to an organism? Why? 2. What type(s) of mutation would be the most detrimental to an organism? Why? 3. Are mutations always bad? Why or why not?
CCHS 2014_2015 Biology Fall Semester Exam Review Ecology Feeding Relationships Use the diagram and graph to answer the following questions. The graph represents the interaction of two different populations, A and B, in the food web. 1. Population A is made up of living animals. The members of population B feed on these living animals. The members of population B are most likely (circle one): scavengers, autotrophs, predators or parasites 2. Identify one heterotroph from the food web that could be a member of population A. 3. Identify 2 organisms from the food web above that would contain the greatest amount of biomass. 4. Identify the organisms that would be secondary consumers. 5. Identify one organism shown in the food web that would be found at level in the energy pyramid. 6. If there are 8,463 kcal of energy available to the consumers at trophic level Y, how many kcals of energy are available at: Trophic level : Trophic level Z: Ecology Population Growth 1. A factor that regulates a population s size is known as a. Use the diagram below for questions 2-4. 2. Complete the following graphs based upon the removal of organism A from the ecosystem above. 3. What type of growth is the marine plant population experiencing? 4. This type of growth curve is represented by the marine plant population graph? A population of chipmunks migrated to an environment where they had little competition. Their population quickly increased but eventually stabilized as shown in the graph. 5. What is carrying capacity? 6. Use the arrows to label the following on the graph: carrying capacity and exponential growth 7. What type of growth curve is represented by the graph? 8. Starting at the star on the graph, draw what the graph would look like if the limiting factor became abundant again