NUCLEUS? ALBUMINOUS CELL SUGAR SIEVE CELL SIEVE AREA SMALL PORES SIEVE CELL PHLOEM L.S.
NUCLEUS S ALBUMINOUS CELL SUGAR SIEVE? CELL SIEVE PLATE LARGE PORES SIEVE? CELL PHLOEM L.S.
NUCLEUS? ALBUMINOUS CELL SUGAR SIEVE MEMBER SIEVE PLATE LARGE PORES SIEVE MEMBER PHLOEM L.S.
NUCLEUS C ALBUMINOUS? CELL SUGAR SIEVE MEMBER SIEVE PLATE LARGE PORES SIEVE MEMBER PHLOEM L.S.
NUCLEUS CAMPANION CELL SUGAR SIEVE MEMBER SIEVE PLATE LARGE PORES SIEVE MEMBER PHLOEM L.S.
GYMNOSPERMS S
A SIEVE CELLS GYMNOSPERMS
^ SIEVE CELLS & ALBUMINOUS CELLS GYMNOSPERMS
ROOT ^
ROOT STELE
P ROOT C.S.
PROTOSTELE A
PROTOSTELE / ACTINOSTELE ^
STEM ^
STEM STELE
S STEM C.S.
SIPHONOSTELE
SIPHONOSTELE E
SIPHONOSTELE / EUSTELE? V
PINUS RESIN DUCT V PERIDERM CORTEX? C.S.
PINUS RESIN DUCT X PERIDERM CORTEX VASCULAR CAMBIUM C.S.
PINUS RESIN DUCT P PERIDERM CORTEX ~2 XYLEM VASCULAR CAMBIUM C.S.
PINUS RESIN DUCT 2 PERIDERM CORTEX ~2 PHLOEM ~2 XYLEM VASCULAR CAMBIUM C.S.
PINUS RESIN DUCT W PERIDERM CORTEX ~2 PHLOEM ~2 GROWTH: PRESENT ~2 XYLEM VASCULAR CAMBIUM C.S.
PINUS RESIN DUCT ^ PERIDERM CORTEX ~2 PHLOEM ~2 GROWTH: PRESENT WOOD VASCULAR CAMBIUM C.S.
^ GYMNOSPERM WOOD ANATOMY
^ MANOXYLIC WOOD VS PYCNOXYLIC WOOD
MANOXYLIC WOOD ANATOMY
CYCAS
LP MANOXYLIC C.S. STEM CYCAS
VC MANOXYLIC LARGE PITH LARGE CORTEX C.S. STEM CYCAS
2 MANOXYLIC VASCULAR CAMBIUM LARGE PITH LARGE CORTEX C.S. STEM CYCAS
SG MANOXYLIC VASCULAR CAMBIUM LARGE PITH LARGE CORTEX ~2 PHLOEM ~2 XYLEM C.S. STEM CYCAS
LX MANOXYLIC VASCULAR CAMBIUM LARGE PITH LARGE CORTEX ~2 PHLOEM ~2 XYLEM C.S. STEM SLOW GROWTH CYCAS
A MANOXYLIC VASCULAR CAMBIUM LARGE PITH LARGE CORTEX ~2 PHLOEM ~2 XYLEM C.S. STEM LIMITED ~2 XYLEM CYCAS
P MANOXYLIC VASCULAR CAMBIUM LARGE PITH LARGE CORTEX ~2 PHLOEM ~2 XYLEM C.S. STEM ~2 XYLEM ANNUAL RINGS: ABSENT CYCAS
PL MANOXYLIC VASCULAR CAMBIUM LARGE PITH LARGE CORTEX ~2 PHLOEM ~2 XYLEM C.S. STEM PARENCHYMA CELLS ABUNDANT CYCAS
^ MANOXYLIC VASCULAR CAMBIUM LARGE PITH LARGE CORTEX ~2 PHLOEM ~2 XYLEM PARENCHYMA CELLS ABUNDANT C.S. STEM POOR LUMBER CYCAS
PYCNOXYLIC WOOD ANATOMY
PINUS
SP PYCNOXYLIC C.S. STEM PINUS
VC PYCNOXYLIC C.S. STEM SMALL PITH SMALL CORTEX PINUS
2 PYCNOXYLIC SMALL PITH C.S. STEM VASCULAR CAMBIUM SMALL CORTEX PINUS
RG PYCNOXYLIC C.S. STEM SMALL PITH ~2 XYLEM VASCULAR CAMBIUM ~2 PHLOEM SMALL CORTEX PINUS
EX PYCNOXYLIC C.S. STEM SMALL PITH ~2 XYLEM VASCULAR CAMBIUM ~2 PHLOEM SMALL CORTEX RAPID GROWTH PINUS
? PYCNOXYLIC SMALL PITH ~2 XYLEM C.S. STEM VASCULAR CAMBIUM ~2 PHLOEM SMALL CORTEX EXTENSIVE ~2 XYLEM PINUS
AR PYCNOXYLIC? C.S. STEM SMALL PITH ~2 XYLEM VASCULAR CAMBIUM ~2 PHLOEM SMALL CORTEX EXTENSIVE ~2 XYLEM PINUS
P PYCNOXYLIC SMALL PITH ~2 XYLEM ANNUAL RING C.S. STEM VASCULAR CAMBIUM ~2 PHLOEM SMALL CORTEX EXTENSIVE ~2 XYLEM PINUS
GL PYCNOXYLIC ANNUAL RING C.S. STEM SMALL PITH ~2 XYLEM VASCULAR CAMBIUM ~2 PHLOEM SMALL CORTEX PARENCHYMA CELLS FEW PINUS
^ PYCNOXYLIC SMALL PITH ~2 XYLEM ANNUAL RING C.S. STEM VASCULAR CAMBIUM ~2 PHLOEM SMALL CORTEX PARENCHYMA CELLS FEW GOOD LUMBER PINUS
LEAF ^
PHYLLOTAXY A
PHYLLOTAXY ALTERNATE GYMNOSPERMS
GYMNOSPERM LIFE CYCLE ^ MITOSIS SPOROCYTES 2N ZYGOTE 2N SYNGAMY SPOROPHYTE SPOROPHYTE 2N PHASE MULTICELLULAR SPORE PRODUCING PHASE MEIOSIS GAMETE SPERM 1N GAMETE EGG 1N SPORES 1N MITOSIS GAMETOCYTES 1N GAMETOPHYTE 1N PHASE MULTICELLULAR GAMETE PRODUCING PHASE MITOSIS
^ GAMETOPHYTE CHARACTERS
MICROGAMETOPHYTE?
MICROGAMETOPHYTE P = PINUS?
MICROGAMETOPHYTE? PINUS POLLEN GRAIN
MICROGAMETOPHYTE P? PINUS POLLEN GRAIN
MICROGAMETOPHYTE? PROTHALLIAL CELLS PINUS POLLEN GRAIN
MICROGAMETOPHYTE G? PROTHALLIAL CELLS PINUS POLLEN GRAIN
MICROGAMETOPHYTE? GENERATIVE CELL PROTHALLIAL CELLS PINUS POLLEN GRAIN
MICROGAMETOPHYTE T GENERATIVE CELL PROTHALLIAL CELLS PINUS? POLLEN GRAIN
MICROGAMETOPHYTE > GENERATIVE CELL PROTHALLIAL CELLS PINUS TUBE CELL POLLEN GRAIN
MICROGAMETOPHYTE ^ GYMNOSPERM MICROGAMETOPHYTE HIGHLY REDUCED POLLEN GRAIN
MEGAGAMETOPHYTE?
OVULE A MEGAGAMETOPHYTE MICROPYLE MEGASPORANGIUM? L.S. PINUS INTEGUMENT
OVULE > MEGAGAMETOPHYTE MICROPYLE MEGASPORANGIUM ARCHEGONIA L.S. PINUS INTEGUMENT
OVULE PT MEGAGAMETOPHYTE POLLINATION 1N MEGASPORANGIUM 1N L.S. EGG PINUS POLLEN GRAINS INTEGUMENT
OVULE S MEGAGAMETOPHYTE MICROPYLE 1N MEGASPORANGIUM 1N L.S. EGG PINUS POLLEN TUBE POLLEN GRAINS INTEGUMENT
OVULE S MEGAGAMETOPHYTE MICROPYLE 1N MEGASPORANGIUM 1N L.S. EGG PINUS SPERM POLLEN GRAINS INTEGUMENT
OVULE Z MEGAGAMETOPHYTE MICROPYLE 2N MEGASPORANGIUM 2N SYNGAMY L.S. PINUS POLLEN TUBE POLLEN GRAINS INTEGUMENT
OVULE M MEGAGAMETOPHYTE MICROPYLE 2N MEGASPORANGIUM 2N L.S. ZYGOTE PINUS POLLEN TUBE POLLEN GRAINS INTEGUMENT
OVULE + MEGAGAMETOPHYTE MICROPYLE 2N MEGASPORANGIUM 2N L.S. MITOSIS PINUS POLLEN TUBE POLLEN GRAINS INTEGUMENT
SEED P MEGAGAMETOPHYTE MICROPYLE 2N MEGASPORANGIUM 2N EMBRYO L.S. PINUS INTEGUMENT
SEED MEGAGAMETOPHYTE POLYEMBRYONY MICROPYLE P 2N MEGASPORANGIUM 2N EMBRYO L.S. PINUS INTEGUMENT
POLYEMBRYONY
GYMNOSPERM POLYEMBRYONY 1+ EMBRYO/SEED GYMNOSPERM POLYEMBRYONY
SEED MEGAGAMETOPHYTE POLYEMBRYONY MICROPYLE 1 2N MEGASPORANGIUM 2N EMBRYO L.S. PINUS INTEGUMENT
SEED MEGAGAMETOPHYTE POLYEMBRYONY MICROPYLE N 2N MEGASPORANGIUM EMBRYO L.S. PINUS INTEGUMENT
NATURAL SELECTION > MEGAGAMETOPHYTE MICROPYLE 2N MEGASPORANGIUM EMBRYO L.S. PINUS INTEGUMENT
^ GYMNOSPERMS EMBRYO UNDERGOES NATURAL SELECTION PRIOR TO GERMINATION
SPERM M
N GYMNOSPERMS SPERM MULTIFLAGELLATED
GYMNOSPERMS SPERM MULTIFLAGELLATED OR NON-FLAGELLATED
GYMNOSPERM LIFE CYCLE ^ MITOSIS SPOROCYTES 2N ZYGOTE 2N SYNGAMY SPOROPHYTE SPOROPHYTE 2N PHASE MULTICELLULAR SPORE PRODUCING PHASE MEIOSIS GAMETE SPERM 1N GAMETE EGG 1N SPORES 1N MITOSIS GAMETOCYTES 1N GAMETOPHYTE 1N PHASE MULTICELLULAR GAMETE PRODUCING PHASE MITOSIS
REPRODUCTION ^
M MONOECIOUS GYMNOSPERM VS DIOECIOUS GYMNOSPERM
MONOECIOUS GYMNOSPERM
GYMNOSPERM > MONOECIOUS MICROSPORANGIA AND MEGASPORANGIA SAME PLANT GYMNOSPERM MONOECIOUS
PINUS
PINUS
PINUS MICROSPORANGIA MICROSTROBILI
MEGASTROBILI MEGASPORANGIA PINUS M MICROSPORANGIA MICROSTROBILI
MEGASPORANGIA PINUS ^ D MONOECIOUS MICROSPORANGIA
DIOECIOUS GYMNOSPERM
GYMNOSPERM > DIOECIOUS MICROSPORANGIA AND MEGASPORANGIA DIFFERENT PLANTS GYMNOSPERM DIOECIOUS
?
GINKGO M
GINKGO M MICROSTROBILI