The Nineteenth-Century Visual Culture Reader Edited by Vanessa R. Schwartz and Jeannene M. Przyblyski O Routledge g^^ Taylor & Francis Group NEW YORK AND LONDON
Contents List of illustrations Notes on contributors Permissions Preface by the editors x xiii xvii xxi PART ONE Visual Culture and Disciplinary Practices 1 1 V I S U A L C U L T U R E ' S H I S T O R Y : T W E N T Y - F I R S T C E N T U R Y I N T E R D I S C I P L I N A R I T Y A N D I T S N I N E T E E N T H -C E N T U R Y O B J E C T S 3 2 Margaret Cohen and Anne Higonnet COMPLEX CULTURE 15 3 Michael L. Wilson V I S U A L C U L T U R E : A U S E F U L C A T E G O R Y OF H I S T O R I C A L A N A L Y S I S? 2 6 PART TWO Genealogies INTRODUCTION TO PART TWO 35 4 Charles Baudelaire THE PAINTER OF MODERN LIFE (1863) 37 5 Karl Marx COMMODITIES AND MONEY (1867) 42
vi 6 Sigmund Freud THE DREAM-WORK (1900) 47 7 Georg Simmel T H E M E T R O P O L I S A N D M E N T A L L I F E ( 1 9 0 3 ) 5 1 8 Alois Riegl T H E M O D E R N C U L T O F M O N U M E N T S : I T S C H A R A C T E R A N D I T S ORIGIN (1928) 56 9 Siegfried Kracauer PHOTOGRAPHY (1927) 60 10 Walter Benjamin T H E W O R K O F A R T I N T H E A G E O F ' M E C H A N I C A L R E P R O D U C T I O N ( 1 9 3 6 ) 6 3 PART THREE Technology and Vision INTRODUCTION TO PART THREE 7 1 11 Michel Foucault PANOPTICISM 73 12 Gisele Freund PRECURSORS OF THE PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAIT 79 13 Jonathan-Crary TECHNIQUES OF THE OBSERVER 82 14 Wolfgang Schivelbusch PANORAMIC TRAVEL 92 15 Tom Gunning ' A N I M A T E D P I C T U R E S ' : T A L E S OF T H E C I N E M A ' S F O R G O T T E N F U T U R E, A F T E R 1 0 0 Y E A R S OF F I L M 1 0 0 PART FOUR Practices of Display and the Circulation of Images INTRODUCTION TO PART FOUR 115 16 Tony Bennett THE EXHIBITIONARY COMPLEX 117
Vii 17 Daniel J. Sherman T H E B O U R G E O I S I E, C U L T U R A L A P P R O P R I A T I O N, A N D T H E A R T M U S E U M IN N I N E T E E N T H - C E N T U R Y F R A N C E 1 3 0 18 James R. Ryan ON VISUAL INSTRUCTION 145 19 Erika Rappaport A NEW ERA OF SHOPPING 151 PART FIVE Cities and the Built Environment Vanessa R. Schwartz and Jeannene M. Przyblyski INTRODUCTION TO PART FIVE 165 20 Carl E. Schorske T H E R I N G S T R A S S E, ITS C R I T I C S, A N D T H E B I R T H OF U R B A N M O D E R N I S M 1 6 7 21 T.J. Clark THE VIEW FROM NOTRE-DAME 178 22 David Henkin W O R D ON T H E S T R E E T S : E P H E M E R A L S I G N A G E IN A N T E B E L L U M N E W Y O R K 1 9 4 23 Judith Walkowitz URBAN SPECTATORSHIP 205 24 David Nye ELECTRICITY AND SIGNS 211 25 Jennifer Watts P I C T U R E T A K I N G IN P A R A D I S E : LOS A N G E L E S A N D T H E C R E A T I O N OF R E G I O N A L I D E N T I T Y, 1 8 8 0-1 9 2 0 2 1 8 PART SIX Visualizing the Past Vanessa R. Schwartz and Jeannene M. Przyblyski INTRODUCTION TO PART SIX 233 26 Pierre Nora BETWEEN MEMORY AND HISTORY: LES LIEUX DE MEMOIRE 235
viii 27 Maurice Samuels THE ILLUSTRATED HISTORY BOOK: HISTORY BETWEEN WORD AND IMAGE 238 28 Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby REVOLUTIONARY SONS, WHITE FATHERS AND CREOLE DIFFERENCE: GUILLAUME G U I L L 0 N - L E T H I E R E ' S OATH OF THE ANCESTORS (1822) 249 29 Kirk Savage MOLDING EMANCIPATION: JOHN QUINCY ADAMS WARD'S THE FREEDMAN AND THE MEANING OF THE CIVIL WAR 262 30 Joy S. Kasson STAKING A CLAIM TO HISTORY. 276 PART SEVEN Imagining Differences INTRODUCTION TO PART SEVEN 287 31 Linda Nochlin THE IMAGINARY ORIENT 289 32 S. Hollis Clayson PAINTING THE TRAFFIC IN WOMEN 299 33 Eric Ames FROM THE EXOTIC TO THE EVERYDAY: THE ETHNOGRAPHIC EXHIBITION IN GERMANY 313 34 Marcus Verhagen BOHEMIA IN DOUBT 327 PART EIGHT Inside and Out: Seeing the Personal and the Political INTRODUCTION TO PART EIGHT 339 35 Lisa Tickner BANNERS AND BANNER-MAKING 341 36 Sharon Marcus T H E P O R T I E R E A N D T H E P E R S O N I F I C A T I O N OF U R B A N O B S E R V A T I O N 3 4 8
ix 37 Shawn Michelle Smith " B A B Y ' S P I C T U R E IS A L W A Y S T R E A S U R E D " : E U G E N I C S A N D T H E R E P R O D U C T I O N OF W H I T E N E S S IN T H E F A M I L Y P H O T O G R A P H A L B U M ~ 3 5 8 38 Debora L. Silverman PSYCHOLOGIE NOUVELLE 371 Index 393