Thermodynamic Properties of Low-GWP Refrigerants for Centrifugal Chiller July 11-14, 2016
Contents Introduction Experimental and Result Vapor-liquid coexistence curve in the critical region Vapor Pressure and PVT properties Saturated liquid density Discussion July 11-14, 2016 Purdue 2 Conferences
Contents Introduction Experimental and Result Vapor-liquid coexistence curve in the critical region Vapor Pressure and PVT properties Saturated liquid density Discussion July 11-14, 2016 Purdue 3 Conferences
Introduction Environment issue Next Generation! CFCs, HCFCs Protect Ozone Layer HFCs Prevent Global Warming HFOs, HCFOs Europe: MAC Directives (Mobile-air conditioning) F-gas Regulation Japan revise the low: Comprehensive approach for whole lifecycle of fluorocarbons North America Proposal: Gradual reduction of HFCs in the Montreal Protocol US: change SNAP list July 11-14, 2016 Purdue4 Conferences
Originally developed gas:hcfo-1224yd(z) HCFO-1224yd(Z) Manufacturer: Asahi Glass Co., Ltd Purity: 98.4% (Z/E isomer =91/9) Water content: less than 5ppm Normal boiling point [ o C] 15 Flammable range [vol%] None Atmosphere Lifetime [year] 21days * GWP(ITH=100) [CO 2 =1] 1 * Ames test Negative LC 50 [ppm] >200,000 July 11-14, 2016 Purdue 5 Conferences * Measured by Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
Character of HCFO-1224yd(Z) Low-GWP GWP under 1 Non- Flammable Zero-ODP Zero-ODP(0.00012) LC 50 >200,000ppm AEL=500ppm (as AGC) Low-toxicity HCFO- 1224yd(Z) Stable Same thermal stability as HFCs, more stable than other HFOs Properties are similar to or better than HFC-245fa, especially in refrigeration performance Performance Good compatibility with most oils, metals, plastics and elastomers July 11-14, 2016 Purdue 6 Conferences
Chiller Performance of HCFO-1224yd(Z) Actual machine performance HCFO-1224yd(Z) HFC-245fa Condition:JIS B8621-2011(Centrifugal Chiller); chilled water inlet/outlet 12/7 o C; cooling water inlet/outlet 32/37 o C July 11-14, 2016 Purdue 7 Conferences
Contents Introduction Experimental and Result Vapor-liquid coexistence curve in the critical region Vapor Pressure and PVT properties Saturated liquid density Discussion July 11-14, 2016 Purdue 8 Conferences
Vapor-liquid coexistence curve in the critical region Experimental apparatus E J Uncertainties Temp. ± 20 mk F I K Density ± 3 kg/m 3 C B A H L D G A:Optical cell B:Expansion vessel C:Supplying vessel D:Rocking frame E:Vacuum pump F:Platinum resistance thermometer G:Main-heater H:Sub-heater I:Stirrer J:Thermometer bridge K:PID controller L:Thermostated bath July 11-14, 2016 Purdue 9 Conferences
Vapor Pressure and PVT properties Q E Experimental apparatus N O M D L K J C H B A F G I P Uncertainties Temp. Pressure A:Vessel B:Differential pressure detector C:Platinum resistance thermometer D:Thermometer bridge E:Thermostated bath F:Main-heater G:Sub-heater H:Platinum resistance thermometer ± 10 mk ± 3 kpa Density ± 0.2 % I:PID controller J:Stirrer K:Tester L:Digital pressure gauge M:Pressure controller N:Digital pressure gauge O: Differential pressure detector P:N2 bottle Q:Vacuum pump July 11-14, 2016 10 Purdue Conferences
Experimental apparatus Saturated liquid density H C F Uncertainties Density of float at room temp. Temp. ± 1 kg/m 3 ± 20 mk Density ±3 kg/m 3 E G A B D A:Optical cell B:Pyrex glass floats C:Platinum resistance thermometer D:Heater E:Cooler F:Stirrer G:Thermostated bath H:Thermometer bridge July 11-14, 2016 11 Purdue Conferences
Results 430.0 Vapor-liquid coexistence curve in the critical region T[K] 429.5 429.0 428.5 428.0 427.5 T[K] r[kg/m3] 427.71 371.20 428.25 414.70 428.66 417.01 429.19 469.29 429.17 530.18 429.02 600.00 427.66 674.13 427.0 426.5 300 400 500 600 700 r[kg/m3] July 11-14, 2016 12 Purdue Conferences
Vapor Pressure and PVT properties P[kPa] Results 3500 3250 3000 2750 2500 2250 2000 400 405 410 415 420 425 430 435 T[K] T[K] P[kPa] 403.25 2124.3 403.25 2126.3 408.42 2339.0 413.22 2551.7 418.35 2795.8 423.26 3049.4 423.31 3049.2 424.29 3103.8 424.38 3109.0 425.40 3157.5 426.34 3211.4 426.39 3220.4 427.35 3271.6 427.42 3274.8 428.31 3324.8 428.41 3332.6 July 11-14, 2016 13 Purdue Conferences
Results 10000 9000 Vapor Pressure and PVT properties 790kg/m 3 8000 7000 590kg/m 3 6000 535kg/m 3 P[kPa] 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 300kg/m 3 200kg/m 3 100kg/m 3 r= 50kg/m 3 0 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 T[K] July 11-14, 2016 14 Purdue Conferences
Contents Introduction Experimental and Result Vapor-liquid coexistence curve in the critical region Vapor Pressure and PVT properties Saturated liquid density Discussion July 11-14, 2016 15 Purdue Conferences
Critical parameter Critical point measurement 430.0 Vapor pressure measurement 3500 429.5 429.0 3250 3000 T[K] 428.5 428.0 427.5 427.0 P[kPa] 2750 2500 2250 426.5 300 400 500 600 700 r[kg/m3] 2000 400 405 410 415 420 425 430 435 T[K] Critical temperature 429.18 ±0.05 K Critical density 530 ±5 kg/m 3 Critical Pressure 3.380 ±0.005 MPa July 11-14, 2016 16 Purdue Conferences
Vapor pressure correlation lnp vpr (MPa) =(A 0 τ + A 1 τ 1.5 +A 2 τ 2.5 +A 3 τ 5 /Tr(K)) Eq.(1) τ =1-(T(K)/Tc) A 0 A 1 A 2 A 3 RMS Dev.(%) /Number of data points T C P C ρ C -7.6720 1.9095-2.6381-5.5113 0.51 / 116 429.18 K 3.380 MPa 530 kg/m 3 100(Pexp-Pcal)/P'exp) [%] 2.5 Tc 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0-0.5-1.0-1.5-2.0-2.5-3.0 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 T[K] July 11-14, 2016 17 Purdue Conferences
Saturated liquid density Correlation ρ (kg/m 3 )/ρ c =1+B 0 τ 1/3 +B 1 τ 2/3 +B 2 τ+b 3 τ 4/3...Eq.(2) τ=1-(t(k)/tc) B 0 B 1 B 2 B 3 RMS Dev.(%) /Number of data points T C P C ρ C 0.51475 9.6947-18.564 12.138 1.97 / 13 429.18 K 3.380MPa 530 kg/m 3 100(r'exp-r'cal)/r'exp) [%] 5.0 Tc 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0-1.0-2.0-3.0-4.0-5.0 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 T[K] July 11-14, 2016 18 Purdue Conferences
Summary Newly determine the thermodynamic properties and critical parameters for HCFO-1224yd(Z) Critical temperature 419.18 ±0.05 K Critical density 530 ±5 kg/m 3 Critical Pressure 3.38 ±0.005 MPa Develop the correlations of vapor pressure and saturated liquid density based on the present data Next Action Measure High purity of HCFO-1224yd(Z) Make EOS of HCFO-1224yd(Z) July 11-14, 2016 19 Purdue Conferences
Acknowledgement This study was implemented by NEDO Project Development of high-efficiency non-cfc and HCFC air-conditioning equipment technology For their valuable support Professor Eiji Hihara of Tokyo University as project leader National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) July 11-14, 2016 20 Purdue Conferences
Thank you all for your attention July 11-14, 2016 21 Purdue Conferences