Unit 02 Modules Systems Marcus Rennhofer marcus.rennhofer@ait.ac.at
Content: Systems & System System types Module & Inverter Solar batteries Electric circuit Technology Families Crystalline solar cells Thin film solar cells next generation Resources Abundancy of resources
1. SYSTEM TYPES
1. System types: Grid connected Type of installation: (Austria) Free-field Roof-Top Buildingintegrated
1. System types: Grid connected Typical applications: residential houses industrial roof tops free field installations Augsburger Passive house center ATB-Becker
1. System types: Grid connected Feed in the grid Sur-plus feed in (ETECH, 2012) (ETECH, 2012)
1. System types: roof top mounted - Roof hooks - Clamps - Mounted onto common rafter (Schletter, 2013)
1. System types: mounting types - Point mounted - Line mounted - Fast mounting (Schletter, 2013)
1. System types: grid connected: free field - Fixed mounting - 2-Axial Tracker
1. System types: grid connected: free field - Fixed mounting 13 MW 7 MW (AIT, 2014)
1. System types: grid connected: free field: X-Module mounted (Enerparc 2017)
1. System types: grid connected: free field: PV for horizontal agricultural areas Can be installed on the farmland water and irradiance control Double use of area
1. System types: grid connected: free field: PV for horizontal agricultural areas PV as wind shield small foot print PV-Magazin.de, next2sun
1. System types: Grid connected: Inverter Module-Inv. (300W) String-Inv. (kw) Central-Inv. (MW) (Power One, 2014) (Power One, 2014) (Power One, 2014)
1. System types: Grid connected
1. System DC switch Grid connected Connection box / over voltage protection
1. System types: Island system Typical applications: Free standing houses (mountain huts) Rural areas (not grid connected) Decentralized infrastructure ( weather stations, traffic signals, ) House boat with PV Mongolian Neue Donau, yurt with Vienna PV ATB-Becker
1. System types: Island system
1. System Island system
1. System Types: Hybrid Decentralized components & Grid connection Several power units Schiestlhaus Hochschwab ATB-Becker
2. TECHNOLOGY FAMILIES
2. Technology Types: Family - Tree Cell types Metal-Oxide Perovskite Crystalline Hybrid Thin Film Poly crystalline (pc) Mono crystalline / Wafer M. c. / back contacted M. c. / spherical grains HIT (mono + a-si) µsi/a-si (Multi-Junction) Mono Si Thin Film Inorganic / organic Mono / GaAs Tandem: two oth. types Amorphous Silicide, a-si CuInSe / Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 CdTe GaAs / InGaAs organic Dye sensitized CZTS
2. Technology Types: Cyristalline ~ 250 m Si cell Czochralski: Purity >99.9999% (6N) Up to Semi- Conductor-Si > 9N Si single crystal Poly crystaline cell ( multi cyristaline ) Single crystal corns domains
2. Production: Solar cell grow: Czochralski (epull from crucible)
2. production : crystaline Si Module
2. Technology Types: Crystalline h > 20% Modules up to: 345 W
2. Production: Thin film photovoltaics (TF)
2. Processes: TF-PV via chemical bath deposition (CBD) non-vacuum, low-cost, up-scalable, R2R compatible, min. material consumption
2. Technology Types: a-si, CdTe, CIGS
2. Technology Types: a-si, CdTe, CIGS
2. Technology Types: next gen. : dye-sensitized (DSSC) / Grätzel Technical problems: e-transport Ion - mobility ohmic losses fluid dynamics corrosive Advantages: cheap low-tech abundant ressources flexible substrate transparent H.glass
2. Technology Types: next gen. : Organic Polymer- fullerene- Nanoparticle - mixture: low efficiency fast ageing (< 5a) Merck
2. Technology Types: next gen. : CZTS Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 Low efficencies Abundant elements IBM
2. Technology Types: next gen. : Mono crystalline CZTS crystalsol
2. Technology Types: next gen. : Metal oxides (CuO 2 ) 1 µm (c) (d) Abundant Vivid colors
2. Technology Types: next gen. : Perovskites
2. Technology Types: next gen. : Mono crystalline Si sphere
2. Technology Types: next gen. : GaAs / GaInAs h > 30% ESA-goal 2017: 34-37% Helmholzzentrum Berlin 10.000 EUR /m 2
2. Technology Types: next gen. : X on Y Old: New: c-si / a-si c-si / Pero c-si / OPV CIGS / Pero Pero / OPV High voltages High currents Band gap matching
3. Resources & Abundancy
3. Abundancy Faulstich, TU-München
3. Abundancy Faulstich, TU-München
3. Abundancy Faulstich, TU-München
3. Abundancy Faulstich, TU-München
3. Abundancy In-Prize: (99.99%) 2002: 97 $/kg 2012: 900 $/kg 2016: 1200 $ /kg Te production: 400 t/a (2016) Side product of Cu, Ni- Industry SiO 2 27% earth crust = Si
Thank you for your attention! AIT (CuO 2 / ZnO-nw)