1.1.A.a Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter Objects, and the materials they are made of, have properties that can be used to describe and classify them Measure the volume and mass of regular and irregular objects and calculate their respective densities 33 measure volume of regular and irregular objects using several methods 33 compare objects based on volume 33 investigate density of fluid 36 compare objects using mass and density 36 density of fluids 37 compare objects based on density 37 measure densities 38 density of fluids 39 measure and compare densities 136 compare densities 271 why density varies 271 density is a physical property of matter 276 density of fluids 286 compare objects using density 287 density of fluids 287 compare objects based on density 1 volume measurement 11 density of objects 11 volume measurements 11 measuring density 12 finding the density 13 density 14 investigating density 14 compare mass and volume and density 14 volume and mass are different 66 find the volume 68 apparent density 182 density and clay boats 184 changing the density of a fluid 239 measure volume of regular objects 239 volume 240 volume of regular objects 241 volume 241 measure volume of regular objects 242 volume Page 1 of 66
288 compare objects based on density 288 properties of fluids density 289 compare objects based on density 242 measure volume of regular objects 243 volume 243 measure volume of irregular objects 244 mass 245 mass 246 mass Page 2 of 66
1.1.A.b Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter Objects, and the materials they are made of, have properties that can be used to describe and classify them Identify pure substances by their physical and chemical properties 228 matter is composed of atoms 229 what are elements 229 definition of atom 230 compare and contrast elements and compounds and molecules 177 freezing point of a stable mixture 178 pure substances vs. mixtures 230 definition of compound 230 understanding mixtures 270 chemical properties of matter 318 understand how atomic structure determines the identity of elements atomic number 335 idea of atomic mass 340 physical and chemical properties 347 melting and boiling points 347 classify by chemical and physical properties 360 mixtures can be separated by physical means 472 atoms are the source of electric charge 473 matter is made of atoms Page 3 of 66
1.1.A.c Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter Objects, and the materials they are made of, have properties that can be used to describe and classify them Classify a substance as being made up of one kind of atom (element) or compound when given the molecular formula or structural formula (or electron dot diagram) for the substance 359 know how to draw Lewis dot structures 360 Lewis dot structure 364 apply rules for writing formulas of simple chemical compounds 369 rules for writing formulas 389 finding formula mass 89 predict chemical formulas 90 name chemical compounds 1.1.B.a Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter Properties of mixtures depend upon the concentrations, properties and interactions of particles Classify solutions as dilute, concentrated, saturated 442 understanding solutions 444 properties of solutions including roles of solvent and solute 444 various factors influence solubility including temperature 103 role of solute and solvent 103 solubility and temperature 104 solubility curve 203 investigate the solubility of carbon dioxide 447 solubility curve 448 practice making solutions 451 various factors affect solubility temperature 453 properties of solutions solvent and solute 453 factors that affect solubility temperature 453 making solutions Page 4 of 66
1.1.B.b Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter Properties of mixtures depend upon the concentrations, properties and interactions of particles Compare and contrast the properties of acidic, basic, and neutral solutions 454 acids donate H ions 454 differentiate between acids and bases 455 bases accept H ions 455 differentiate between acids and bases 106 identify solution as acid or base 107 ph indicators and daily life 107 using ph indicators 456 acids donate H ions and bases accept H ions 456 differentiate between strong and weak acids and bases 457 determine ph ranges of solutions 460 ph range 461 strong acids and bases 461 ph ranges 462 acids and bases 463 strong and weak acids 463 ph ranges 463 differentiate between acids and bases Page 5 of 66
1.1.B.c Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter Properties of mixtures depend upon the concentrations, properties and interactions of particles Predict the effect of the properties of the solvent or solute on the solubility of a substance 436 why water is a nearly 103 solubility of KNO3 universal solvent 440 solvent affects solubility 203 solubility of CO2 445 identify how factors influence solubility including nature of solvent 445 factors that affect solubility including the solute 451 factors that affect solubility solute 1.1.D.a Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter Physical changes in states of matter due to thermal changes in materials can be explained by moving particles Using the kinetic theory model, explain the changes that occur in the distance between atoms/molecules and temperature of a substance as energy is absorbed or released during a phase change 242 heat energy and molecular motion 242 phase changes 439 hydrogen bonding and the gaseous state of water 57 phase change graphs Page 6 of 66
1.1.D.b Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter Physical changes in states of matter due to thermal changes in materials can be explained by moving particles Predict the effect of a temperature change on the properties of a material 60 observe and explain that objects at different temperatures reach an intermediate temperature 252 understanding the difference between heat and temperature 58 how heat and temperature are different 179 thermal conductivity and insulators 258 thermal equilibrium 259 thermal conductivity 1.1.D.c Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter Physical changes in states of matter due to thermal changes in materials can be explained by moving particles Predict the effect of pressure changes on the properties of a material 277 how pressure is created on a molecular level 278 atomic level explanation of pressure 279 Bernouilli s principle and the airfoil 72 investigate pressure and temperature of a gas Page 7 of 66
1.1.E.a Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter The atomic model describes the electrically neutral atom Describe the atom as having a dense, positive nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negative electrons 314 atoms are made up of protons and neutrons and electrons 315 protons neutrons and electrons 316 basic properties of an atom and the three subatomic particles 319 structure of an atom and three smaller particles 75 Bohr model 75 understand the structure of an atom based on protons and neutrons and electrons 78 understand the structure of an atom based on protons and neutrons and electrons 78 structure of an atom 321 three subatomic particles and their charge 326 electron shells 85 review subatomic particles 201 build atomic models 1.1.E.b Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter The atomic model describes the electrically neutral atom Calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons of an element (or isotopes) given its atomic mass (or mass number) and atomic number 318 understand how atomic structure determines the identity of elements atomic number 335 idea of atomic mass 337 atomic number on the periodic table 75 atomic symbol and atomic number and mass number 79 identify symbols and atomic number and mass number 82 identify symbol and atomic number and mass number of elements Page 8 of 66
1.1.E.c Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter The atomic model describes the electrically neutral atom Describe the information provided by the atomic number and the mass number (i.e. electrical charge, chemical stability) 314 atoms are made up of protons and neutrons and electrons 315 protons neutrons and electrons 316 basic properties of an atom and the three subatomic particles 319 structure of an atom and three smaller particles 75 understand the structure of an atom based on protons and neutrons and electrons 75 what isotopes are 78 understand the structure of an atom based on protons and neutrons and electrons 78 structure of an atom 320 explain what isotopes are 79 what isotopes are 321 three subatomic particles and their charge 321 explain what isotopes are 85 review subatomic particles 199 research and investigate carbon-14 337 explain what isotopes are 200 play nuclear reactions game and identify isotopes 201 build atomic models Page 9 of 66
1.1.F.a Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter The periodic table organizes the elements according to their atomic structure and chemical reactivity Explain the structure of the periodic table in terms of the elements with common properties and repeating properties 335 common chemical properties in relation to the periodic table 335 recognizing groups or families on the periodic table 335 describe periodic table 338 describing periodic table 338 recognizing groups and families of periodic table 338 common chemical properties of elements based on relation to periodic table 77 periodic table 80 build and describe periodic table 83 recognizing groups or families 83 periodic table 84 periodic table 86 build model of Na and Cl atoms and explain why they bond to form a molecule 191 investigate the reactivity of metals 339 explain common chemical properties in relation to placement on periodic table 340 recognizing groups and families and periodic table 340 describe periodic table 342 properties in relation to periodic table 342 describe periodic table 343 chemical properties in relation to periodic table 343 groups on periodic table Page 10 of 66
347 describe characteristics based on place in periodic table 356 properties of elements in relation to the periodic table 357 explain the chemical properties of elements in relation to periodic table 358 explain chemical properties based on location in periodic table 362 periodic table and oxidation numbers 1.1.F.b Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter The periodic table organizes the elements according to their atomic structure and chemical reactivity Compare and contrast the common properties of metals, nonmetals, metalloids, and noble gases and their location on the periodic table 336 identify metals and nonmetals on the periodic table 338 recognizing metals and nonmetals and and metalloids 83 identify metals and nonmetals and metalloids Page 11 of 66
1.1.F.c Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter The periodic table organizes the elements according to their atomic structure and chemical reactivity Predict the properties of elements and the bonds that may result between elements using the periodic table 342 how electron interactions 86 modeling a chemical bond create bonds 354 how electrons are 87 determining oxidation numbers involved in bonds 355 how electrons are 89 predicting chemical formulas involved in bonds 356 how electron interactions help create chemical bonds 357 how electrons are involved in bonds 358 how electrons are involved in bonding 359 how electrons are involved in bonding 362 chemical bonding and the periodic table 368 qualitative understanding of how electron interactions create bonds 440 compare covalent and ionic bonds Page 12 of 66
1.1.G.a Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter Properties of objects and states of matter can change chemically and/or physically Distinguish between physical and chemical changes in matter 270 chemical properties of 56 investigate phase change matter 273 physical properties 95 investigate chemical change influence the development of everyday materials 190 investigate reactivity of metals 334 difference between chemical and physical changes 340 physical and chemical properties 344 properties that influence development of everyday materials 345 physical and chemical properties used to help make everyday materials 347 melting and boiling points 347 classify by chemical and physical properties 459 identify chemical properties that influence development of everyday products Page 13 of 66
1.1.H.a Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter Chemical bonding is the combining of different pure stustances (elements, compounds) to form new substances with different properties Describe how the valence electron configuration determines how atoms interact and may bond 335 common chemical properties in relation to the periodic table 338 common chemical properties of elements based on relation to periodic table 339 explain common chemical properties in relation to placement on periodic table 86 build model of Na and Cl atoms and explain why they bond to form a molecule 87 oxidation numbers and ions 89 predict chemical formulas 89 predicting ions 90 name chemical compounds 342 how electron interactions create bonds 191 investigate the reactivity of metals 342 properties in relation to periodic table 343 chemical properties in relation to periodic table 347 describe characteristics based on place in periodic table 354 how electrons are involved in bonds 355 how electrons are involved in bonds 355 how ions are formed 356 properties of elements in relation to the periodic table Page 14 of 66
356 how electron interactions help create chemical bonds 357 explain the chemical properties of elements in relation to periodic table 357 how electrons are involved in bonds 358 explain chemical properties based on location in periodic table 358 how electrons are involved in bonding 359 how electrons are involved in bonding 361 electron transfer and oxidation number 362 chemical bonding and the periodic table 362 periodic table and oxidation numbers 363 explain why ions are formed 364 apply rules for writing formulas of simple chemical compounds 368 qualitative understanding of how electron interactions create bonds Page 15 of 66
369 rules for writing formulas 456 how ions are formed 1.1.H.b Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter Chemical bonding is the combining of different pure stustances (elements, compounds) to form new substances with different properties Predict the reaction rates of different substances based on their properties 419 reaction rate 419 catalysts and inhibitors 419 kinetic molecular theory and reaction rates 420 reaction rate and chemical equilibrium 190 investigate reactivity of metals 1.1.H.c Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter Chemical bonding is the combining of different pure stustances (elements, compounds) to form new substances with different properties Compare and contrast the types of chemical bonds 354 difference between 95 naming binary ionic compounds covalent and ionic bonds 363 distinguish between ionic compounds and covalent molecules 440 compare covalent and ionic bonds Page 16 of 66
1.1.H.d Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter Chemical bonding is the combining of different pure stustances (elements, compounds) to form new substances with different properties Identify the consequences of different types of reactions to humans and human activity 394 chemical reactions in 100 chemistry of hot/cold packs living systems 401 research environmental 107 ph in photography impact of fuel cells 422 nuclear reactions 204 CO2 solubility and fish 427 radioisotopes in science and medicine 462 acid rain 1.1.I.a Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter Mass is conserved during any physical or chemical change Compare the mass of 388 law of conservation of mass the reactants to the mass of the products 391 cons. of mass and chem. eq. in a chemical reaction or physical change as support for the Law of Conservation of Mass 95 investigate law of conservation of mass 96 law of conservation of mass 1.1.I.b Changes in properties and states of matter provide evidence of the atomic theory of matter Mass is conserved during any physical or chemical change Recognize whether the number of atoms of the reactants and products in a chemical equation are balanced 391 balanced chemical 93 balancing chemical equations equations 392 balancing chemical 96 balancing a chemical equation equations Page 17 of 66
1.2.A.a has a source, can be transferred, and transformed into various forms but is conserved between and within systems Forms of energy have a source, a means of transfer (work and heat) and a receiver Differentiate between thermal energy, heat, and temperature 60 observe and explain that objects at different temperatures reach an intermediate temperature 234 converting between Fahrenheit and Celsius 234 measuring temperature 238 Kelvin and Celsius scales 252 flow of thermal energy is heat 58 how heat and temperature are different 60 concept of specific heat 62 investigate specific heat 63 specific heat 179 investigate specific heat 237 making temperature measurements 238 temperature changes 252 understanding the difference between heat and temperature 238 make Fahrenheit and Celsius measurements 253 heat and work 254 specific heat explained 255 specific heat 258 thermal equilibrium Page 18 of 66
1.2.A.b has a source, can be transferred, and transformed into various forms but is conserved between and within systems Forms of energy have a source, a means of transfer (work and heat) and a receiver Recongize chemical energy as the energy stored in the bonds between atoms in compounds 356 energy changes that accompany chemical reactions 410 explain how energy is manifested in chemical reactions exothermic and endothermic 411 analyze energy changes that accompany chemical reactions 98 exothermic and endothermic reactions 99 exothermic and endothermic reactions 411 how energy is manifested in chemical reactions 413 endothermic reactions 422 chemical vs. nuclear reactions 428 nuclear vs. chemical reactions 1.2.A.c has a source, can be transferred, and transformed into various forms but is conserved between and within systems Forms of energy have a source, a means of transfer (work and heat) and a receiver Describe the relationship among wavelength, energy, and frequency as illustrated by the electromagnetic spectrum 608 wavelength and frequency of visible light 608 energy and color of light 610 electromagnetic spectrum 617 explain how colors of light relate to wavelength 145 investigate colors of light Page 19 of 66
1.2.A.d has a source, can be transferred, and transformed into various forms but is conserved between and within systems Forms of energy have a source, a means of transfer (work and heat) and a receiver Describe sources and common uses of different forms of energy 61 basic forms of 39 study energy in a system energy heat 164 understanding energy 43 study energy transformations 165 forms of energy 98 energy and chemical changes 166 describe forms of energy from origin 166 forms of energy 175 different forms of energy 1.2.A.e has a source, can be transferred, and transformed into various forms but is conserved between and within systems Forms of energy have a source, a means of transfer (work and heat) and a receiver Identify and evaluate advantages and disadvantages of using various sources of energy for human activity 264 buildings and efficiency 297 fossil fuel formation 398 chemcial reactions and acid rain 401 is hydrogen fuel a viable alternative? 404 fuel cell technology 412 fossil fuels and climate change 425 nuclear vs. fossil fuels 425 using nuclear reactions for energy needs 425 impact of nuclear energy Page 20 of 66
1.2.A.f has a source, can be transferred, and transformed into various forms but is conserved between and within systems Forms of energy have a source, a means of transfer (work and heat) and a receiver Describe the effect of different frequencies of electromagnetic waves on the Earth and living organisms 608 wavelength and frequency of visible light 610 electromagnetic spectrum 1.2.A.g has a source, can be transferred, and transformed into various forms but is conserved between and within systems Forms of energy have a source, a means of transfer (work and heat) and a receiver Interpret examples of heat transfer as convection, conduction, or radiation 258 heat conduction 259 thermal conductivity 260 natural and forced convection 261 thermal radiation 262 apply knowledge of heat transfer to different situations 179 thermal conductivity and insulators 1.2.B.a has a source, can be transferred, and transformed into various Mechanical energy comes from the motion and/or position of an object Relate kinetic energy to an object's mass and its velocity 170 potential to kinetic energy conversions 170 calculating kinetic energy 177 potential to kinetic energy conversions forms but is 192 calculating kinetic energy conserved between and within systems 170 find kinetic energy of car Page 21 of 66
1.2.B.b has a source, can be transferred, and transformed into various forms but is conserved between and within systems Mechanical energy comes from the motion and/or position of an object Relate an object's gravitational potential energy to it weight and height relative to the surface of the earth 169 calculating potential energy 170 potential to kinetic energy conversions 177 potential to kinetic energy conversions 42 find potential energy of car 1.2.B.c has a source, can be transferred, and transformed into various forms but is conserved between and within systems Mechanical energy comes from the motion and/or position of an object Distinguish between examples of kinetic and potential energy with a system 169 potential energy explained 170 potential to kinetic energy conversions 170 kinetic energy explained 177 potential to kinetic energy conversions 177 law of conservation of energy 41 potential and kinetic energy 42 conservation of energy 178 using energy conservation to solve problems Page 22 of 66
1.2.C.b has a source, can be transferred, and transformed into various forms but is conserved between and within systems Electromagnetic energy from the sun is a major source of energy on Earth Describe how electromagnetic energy is transferred through space as electromagnetic waves 322 qualitative concept of absorption and emission of light by electrons 323 qualitative concept of absorption and emission of light by electrons 327 emission of light by electrons 346 concepts of absorption and emission of light by atomic electrons 133 waves carry energy from one place to another 562 waves transmit energy 1.2.D.a has a source, can be transferred, and transformed into various forms but is conserved between and within systems Chemical reactions involve changes in the bonding of atoms with the release or absorption of energy Describe evidence of energy transfer and transformations that occur during exothermic and endothermic chemical reactions 356 energy changes that accompany chemical reactions 410 explain how energy is manifested in chemical reactions exothermic and endothermic 411 how energy is manifested in chemical reactions 98 exothermic and endothermic reactions 99 exothermic and endothermic reactions 411 analyze energy changes that accompany chemical reactions 413 endothermic reactions Page 23 of 66
1.2.E.a has a source, can be transferred, and transformed into various forms but is conserved between and within systems Nuclear energy is a major source of energy throughout the universe Describe how changes in the nucleus of an atom during a nuclear reaction result in the emission of radiation 320 basic concepts of radioactivity and decay 321 radioactivity 422 nuclear reactions 423 radioactivity 424 fusion and fission 76 radioactivity 79 radioactivity 198 investigate coin toss and decay simulation 199 build a radioactive atom 1.2.E.b has a source, can be transferred, and transformed into various forms but is conserved between and within systems Nuclear energy is a major source of energy throughout the universe Identify the role of nuclear energy as it serves as a source of energy for the Earth, stars, and human activity 424 fusion and fission 427 radioisotopes in science and medicine Page 24 of 66
1.2.F.a has a source, can be transferred, and transformed into various forms but is conserved between and within systems can change from one form to another within and between systems but the total amount remains the same Describe the transformations that occur as energy changes from kinetic to potential within a system 169 potential energy explained 170 potential to kinetic energy conversions 170 kinetic energy explained 177 potential to kinetic energy conversions 177 law of conservation of energy 41 potential and kinetic energy 42 conservation of energy 178 using energy conservation to solve problems 1.2.F.b has a source, can be transferred, and transformed into various forms but is conserved between and within systems can change from one form to another within and between systems but the total amount remains the same Compare the efficiency of simple machines 194 efficiency explained 170 investigate efficiency of energy car system 171 calculate efficiency of energy car system Page 25 of 66
1.2.F.c has a source, can be transferred, and transformed into various forms but is conserved between and within systems can change from one form to another within and between systems but the total amount remains the same Classify the different forms of energy that can be observed as energy is transferred and transformed with a system when given a scenario 61 basic forms of 39 study energy in a system energy heat 164 understanding energy 43 study energy transformations 165 forms of energy 98 energy and chemical changes 166 describe forms of energy from origin 166 forms of energy 175 different forms of energy 1.2.F.d has a source, can be transferred, and transformed into various forms but is conserved between and within systems can change from one form to another within and between systems but the total amount remains the same Explain how energy can be transferred or transformed between and within systems as the total amount of energy remains constant 168 calculating work done on objects 169 potential energy explained 170 kinetic energy explained 174 energy transformations and conservation 177 law of conservation of energy 40 energy in a system 41 potential and kinetic energy 42 conservation of energy 63 conservation of energy 173 calculate work 178 using energy conservation to solve problems 181 conservation of energy in a broader context 190 work done by or against gravity Page 26 of 66
2.1.A.a Force and Motion The motion of an object is described by its change in position relative to another object or point The motion of an object is described as a change in position, direction, and speed relative to another object (frame of reference) Represent and analyze the motion of an object graphically 87 position vs. time graph 89 changes in motion can be shown graphically 90 speed vs. time graph 90 changes in motion can be represented graphically 91 speed vs. time graph 26 position vs time graph 27 speed vs time graph 162 speed vs. time graph and two-part motion 95 speed vs. time graph 2.1.A.b Force and Motion The motion of an object is described by its change in position relative to another object or point The motion of an object is described as a change in position, direction, and speed relative to another object (frame of reference) Analyze the speed of two objects in terms of distance and time 78 concept of speed 79 calculating speed 81 compare and contrast speed and velocity 81 speed 82 compare and contrast speed and velocity 87 calculating speed 20 finding speed 22 find speed of car 31 compare speeds of cars 33 calculate speed of car 39 find speed of car 89 position vs. time graphs 89 calculating speed 91 compare and contrast speed and velocity Page 27 of 66
2.1.A.c Force and Motion The motion of an object is described by its change in position relative to another object or point The motion of an object is described as a change in position, direction, and speed relative to another object (frame of reference) Calculate the speed of objects 91 calculations for speed 163 calculate speed of car Page 28 of 66
2.1.B.a Force and Motion The motion of an object is described by its change in position relative to another object or point An object that is accelerating is speeding up, slowing down, or changing direction Measure and analyze an object's motion in terms of speed, velocity and acceleration 78 concept of speed 79 calculating speed 81 speed 87 calculating speed 89 calculating speed 91 constant velocity 91 calculations for speed 92 conceptual understanding of acceleration as describing change in speed 99 quantitative understanding of acceleration as change in speed 124 compare and contrast constant and changing velocity 138 compare and contrast constant and changing velocity 20 finding speed 22 find speed of car 26 position vs time graph 27 calculate car s acceleration 31 compare speeds of cars 33 positive and negative acceleration 33 calculate speed of car 36 quantitative understanding of force as a rate of change of velocity 36 calculate acceleration 36 conceptual idea of acceleration as change in speed 39 find speed of car 163 calculate speed of car 143 acceleration is a rate of change of speed 143 concept of acceleration 147 conceptual understanding of acceleration as change in speed Page 29 of 66
2.1.B.b Force and Motion The motion of an object is described by its change in position relative to another object or point An object that is accelerating is speeding up, slowing down, or changing direction Calculate the 93 calculating acceleration acceleration of an 94 solving acceleration problems object 99 Newton s second law 143 Newton s second law 144 Newton s second law qualitative 144 Newton s second law qualitative 144 Newton s second law qualitative 152 Newton s second law qualitative 34 investigate the 2nd law of motion 34 second law of motion 34 qualitative understanding of F = ma 37 qualitative understanding of Newton s third law 38 Newton s second law 165 calculate acceleration of falling object 168 apply the 2nd law of motion to data interpretation 168 Newton s second law 2.1.C.a Force and Motion The motion of an object is described by its change in position relative to another object or point Momentum depends on the mass of the object and the velocity with which it is traveling Compare the momentum of two objects in terms of mass and velocity 152 law of conservation of 168 collisions and momentum momentum 153 understanding the law of conservation of momentum 2.1.C.b Force and Motion The motion of an object is described by its change in position relative to another object or point Momentum depends on the mass of the object and the velocity with which it is traveling Explain that the total momentum remains constant within a system 152 law of conservation of momentum 153 understanding the law of conservation of momentum Page 30 of 66
2.2.A.a Force and Motion Forces affect motion Forces are classified as either contact forces (pushes, pulls, friction, buoyancy) or noncontact forces (gravity, magnetism) that can be described in terms of direction and magnitude Identify and describe the forces acting on an object 108 understand force as an action with potential to change motion 108 forces needed to change motion 109 understand and use units of force 109 use of force in units of newtons and pounds 113 use of newtons 116 understand units of force 28 force in newtons and pounds 28 understand the sensitivity of a measuring tool 28 use units of force 28 forces as ability to change motion 155 precision and measurements 174 units of force 116 force in newtons 119 changes in motion require application of force 124 net force 125 balanced and unbalanced forces Page 31 of 66
126 concept of net force 127 understand and use units of force 127 use concepts of balanced or unbalanced forces 129 net force 129 net force 129 unbalanced forces cause motion 138 changes in motion require force 138 conceptual understanding of a force as the action with the potential to change motion 138 conceptual understanding of force as a vector 139 concept of net force 139 change in motion requires force 139 concept of net force 141 force is an action with potential to change motion 142 force is an action with potential to change motion 143 concept of net force 145 concept of net force Page 32 of 66
147 net force 148 understand and use concept of balanced and unbalanced forces to create motion 149 balanced and unbalanced forces 168 understanding of force as the ability to change motion 217 pliers as an example of a lever 2.2.B.a Force and Motion Forces affect motion Every object exerts a gravitational force on every other object Describe gravity as an attractive force among all objects 96 effect of gravity on motion 98 projectile explained 111 Earth's gravitational field 113 gravitational force depends on mass 28 weight and gravity 29 strength of gravity on Earth 164 investigate the effect of gravity on falling objects 113 effect of gravity on objects 126 effects of gravity 169 gravitational potential energy 190 work and gravity 296 Earth's mass and gravitational pull Page 33 of 66
2.2.B.b Force and Motion Forces affect motion Every object exerts a gravitational force on every other object Compare and describe the gravitational forces between two objects in terms of their masses and the distances between them 111 Earth's gravitational field 113 gravitational force depends on mass 169 gravitational potential energy 296 Earth's mass and gravitational pull 28 weight and gravity 29 strength of gravity on Earth 2.2.B.c Force and Motion Forces affect motion Every object exerts a gravitational force on every other object Describe weight in terms of the force of a planet s or moon s gravity acting on a given mass 113 difference between weight and mass 139 difference between weight and mass 284 qualitative understanding of the differences between weight and mass 67 mass vs weight 285 qualitative understanding of mass and weight are different 2.2.B.d Force and Motion Forces affect motion Every object exerts a gravitational force on every other object Recognize that freefalling bodies accelerate at a constant rate (neglecting friction) due to gravity 96 effect of gravity on motion 98 projectile explained 113 effect of gravity on objects 126 effects of gravity 164 investigate the effect of gravity on falling objects 190 work and gravity Page 34 of 66
2.2.C.a Force and Motion Forces affect motion Magnetic forces are related to electrical forces as different aspects of a single electromagnetic force Recognize that changing magnetic fields can produce electrical current and electric currents can produce magnetic forces 535 what is an electromagnet? 537 increased current vs. strength of magnetic field 537 building an electromagnet 543 electromagnetic induction explained 124 investigate relationship between magnetism and electricity using electromagnets 211 explore electromagnetic induction 2.2.C.b Force and Motion Forces affect motion Magnetic forces are related to electrical forces as different aspects of a single electromagnetic force Predict the effects of an electromagnetic force on the motion of objects (attract or repel) 535 what is an electromagnet? 537 increased current vs. strength of magnetic field 537 building an electromagnet 543 electromagnetic induction explained 124 investigate relationship between magnetism and electricity using electromagnets 211 explore electromagnetic induction Page 35 of 66
2.2.D.a Force and Motion Forces affect motion The interaction of mass and forces can be explained by Newton's Laws of Motion that are used to predict changes in motion Recognize that inertia is a property of matter that can be described as an 139 141 understand that inertia is the ability to resist motion inertia object s tendency to 148 inertia as the ability to resist a change in resist motion motion and is dependent upon the 153 inertia object s mass 555 inertia and pendulums 35 change the car's inertia 36 how does Newton's 1st law apply to the car's motion? 36 what happens when you double the car's inertia? Page 36 of 66
2.2.D.b Force and Motion Forces affect motion The interaction of mass and forces can be explained by Newton's Laws of Motion that are used to predict changes in motion Describe the effect of a change in mass of an object on the inertia of that object (Newton s First Law of Motion) 93 quantitative understanding of acceleration as a rate of change of velocity 108 forces needed to change motion 119 changes in motion require application of force 35 change the car's inertia 36 how does Newton's 1st law apply to the car's motion? 36 what happens when you double the car's inertia? 126 change in motion require force 127 quantitative understanding of force changing motion 138 Newton's first law 139 change in motion requires force 139 understand that inertia is the ability to judge motion 141 inertia 148 inertia as the ability to resist motion 153 inertia 555 inertia and pendulums Page 37 of 66
2.2.D.c Force and Motion Forces affect motion The interaction of mass and forces can be explained by Newton's Laws of Motion that are used to predict changes in motion Using information about the mass and acceleration of two objects, compare the forces required to move them 99 Newton s second law 143 Newton s second law 144 Newton s second law qualitative 144 Newton s second law qualitative 144 Newton s second law qualitative 34 investigate the 2nd law of motion 34 second law of motion 34 qualitative understanding of F = ma 37 qualitative understanding of Newton s third law 38 Newton s second law 152 Newton s second law qualitative 168 apply the 2nd law of motion to data interpretation 168 Newton s second law 2.2.D.d Force and Motion Forces affect motion The interaction of mass and forces can be explained by Newton's Laws of Motion that are used to predict changes in motion Identify forces acting on a falling object and the factors that affect the rate of fall (i.e., mass, volume, shape, or type of material from which the object is made) 96 effect of gravity on motion 98 projectile explained 113 effect of gravity on objects 126 effects of gravity 190 work and gravity 164 investigate the effect of gravity on falling objects Page 38 of 66
2.2.D.e Force and Motion Forces affect motion The interaction of mass and forces can be explained by Newton's Laws of Motion that are used to predict changes in motion Determine the overall effect (i.e., direction and magnitude) of forces acting on an object at the same time (i.e., net force) 124 net force 34 investigating net force 126 concept of net force 163 is there a net force acting? 129 net force 129 net force 139 concept of net force 139 concept of net force 143 concept of net force 145 concept of net force 147 net force 2.2.D.f Force and Motion Forces affect motion The interaction of mass and forces can be explained by Newton's Laws of Motion that are used to predict changes in motion Predict and explain the effect of a change in force and/or mass on the motion of an object (Newton s Second Law of Motion) 99 Newton s second law 143 Newton s second law 144 Newton s second law qualitative 144 Newton s second law qualitative 144 Newton s second law qualitative 34 investigate the 2nd law of motion 34 second law of motion 34 qualitative understanding of F = ma 37 qualitative understanding of Newton s third law 38 Newton s second law 152 Newton s second law qualitative 168 apply the 2nd law of motion to data interpretation 168 Newton s second law Page 39 of 66
2.2.D.g Force and Motion Forces affect motion The interaction of mass and forces can be explained by Newton's Laws of Motion that are used to predict changes in motion Analyze action/reaction forces acting between two objects (e.g., handball hits concrete wall, shotgun firing) and describe their magnitude and direction 149 Newton s third law action and reaction 150 Newton s third law qualitative 155 Newton s third law 38 Newton s third law action and reaction 168 apply the 3rd law of motion to data interpretation 168 Newton s third law action and reaction 2.2.D.h Force and Motion Forces affect motion The interaction of mass and forces can be explained by Newton's Laws of Motion that are used to predict changes in motion Predict the change in motion of one object when it is acted upon by the equal and opposite force of another object (i.e., action/reaction forces) 149 Newton s third law action and reaction 150 Newton s third law qualitative 155 Newton s third law 38 Newton s third law action and reaction 168 apply the 3rd law of motion to data interpretation 168 Newton s third law action and reaction 2.2.E.b Force and Motion Forces affect motion Perpendicular forces act independently of each other Describe the force(s) acting on a projectile on the Earth 96 effect of gravity on motion 98 projectile explained 113 effect of gravity on objects 126 effects of gravity 164 investigate the effect of gravity on falling objects 190 work and gravity Page 40 of 66
2.2.E.c Force and Motion Forces affect motion Perpendicular forces act independently of each other Predict the path of an object when the forces directing it in a given direction change 108 understand force as an action with potential to change motion 110 quanitative understanding of force as a vector 28 forces as ability to change motion 125 force as vector 125 balanced and unbalanced forces 127 use concepts of balanced or unbalanced forces 129 unbalanced forces cause motion 138 conceptual understanding of force as a vector 138 conceptual understanding of a force as the action with the potential to change motion 141 force is an action with potential to change motion 148 understand and use concept of balanced and unbalanced forces to create motion 149 balanced and unbalanced forces 168 understanding of force as the ability to change motion Page 41 of 66
2.2.F.a Force and Motion Forces affect motion Simple machines affect the forces applied to an object and/or direction of movement as work is done Describe the relationships between work, applied net force and the distance an object moves 168 calculating work done on objects 190 work done by or against gravity 217 pliers as an example of a lever 45 discover mechanical advantage of ropes and pulleys 49 investigate how simple machines work 51 investigate simple machines input and output force 52 investigate how simple machines work 173 calculate work 176 investigate the operation of rope and pulley system 176 work out cannot be more than work in 2.2.F.b Force and Motion Forces affect motion Simple machines affect the forces applied to an object and/or direction of movement as work is done Describe the effect of work on an object s kinetic and potential energy 168 energy is stored work 2.2.F.c Force and Motion Forces affect motion Simple machines affect the forces applied to an object and/or direction of movement as work is done Explain how the efficiency of machines can be expressed as a ratio of work output to work input 194 efficiency explained 170 investigate efficiency of energy car system 171 calculate efficiency of energy car system 176 work out cannot be more than work in Page 42 of 66
2.2.F.d Force and Motion Forces affect motion Simple machines affect the forces applied to an object and/or direction of movement as work is done Describe power in terms of work and time 197 maximum power output of a person 197 calculating power 172 investigating people power 173 calculate power 2.2.F.e Force and Motion Forces affect motion Simple machines affect the forces applied to an object and/or direction of movement as work is done Analyze and describe the relationship among work, power, and efficiency 168 calculating work done on objects 188 calculating work 190 work done by or against gravity 194 efficiency explained 197 maximum power output of a person 197 calculating power 48 calculate work done on block 170 investigate efficiency of energy car system 171 calculate efficiency of energy car system 172 investigating people power 173 calculate power 173 calculate work 7.1.A.a Scientific Inquiry Science understanding is developed through the use of science process skills and scientific knowledge in combination with scientific investigation, reasoning, and critical thinking Scientific inquiry includes the ability of students to formulate a testable question and explanation, and to select appropriate investigative methods in order to obtain evidence relevant to the explanation Formulate testable questions and hypotheses 63 formulate a testable hypothesis 297 why is Earth s atmosphere different from other planets 18 formulate a testable hypothesis 21 make a hypothesis 31 formulate a testable hypothesis Page 43 of 66
7.1.A.b Scientific Inquiry Science understanding is developed through the use of science process skills and scientific knowledge in combination with scientific investigation, reasoning, and critical thinking Scientific inquiry includes the ability of students to formulate a testable question and explanation, and to select appropriate investigative methods in order to obtain evidence relevant to the explanation Analyzing an experiment, identify the components (i.e., independent variable, dependent variables, control of constants, multiple trials) and explain their importance to the design of a valid experiment 46 identifying cause and effect relationships 64 recognizing and controlling variables in observations and experiments 78 variables 88 identify cause and effect relationships 17 identify cause and effect relationships 19 cause and effect relationships 19 recognizing controlling variables 35 recognizing and controlling variables 50 controlling variables 50 controlling variables Page 44 of 66
7.1.A.c Scientific Inquiry Science understanding is developed through the use of science process skills and scientific knowledge in combination with scientific investigation, reasoning, and critical thinking Scientific inquiry includes the ability of students to formulate a testable question and explanation, and to select appropriate investigative methods in order to obtain evidence relevant to the explanation Design and conduct a valid experiment 65 writing lab procedures 469 design experiment including choosing equipment 25 selecting ramp and photogates 46 rigging block and tackle 69 conduct scientific inquiry 97 select materials from list 97 plan procedures and select materials 97 design experiment to find out if mass is conserved 129 plan three experiments to determine which variable affects the period of a pendulum 129 design pendulum experiment 129 perform self-designed experiment 176 rigging block and tackle 230 design experiment that someone else can follow Page 45 of 66
7.1.A.d Scientific Inquiry Science understanding is developed through the use of science process skills and scientific knowledge in combination with scientific investigation, reasoning, and critical thinking Scientific inquiry includes the ability of students to formulate a testable question and explanation, and to select appropriate investigative methods in order to obtain evidence relevant to the explanation Recognize that sometimes it is not possible, for practical or ethical reasons, to control some conditions 64 recognizing and controlling variables in observations and experiments 78 variables 19 recognizing controlling variables 35 recognizing and controlling variables 50 controlling variables 50 controlling variables 7.1.A.e Scientific Inquiry Science understanding is developed through the use of science process skills and scientific knowledge in combination with scientific investigation, reasoning, and critical thinking Scientific inquiry includes the ability of students to formulate a testable question and explanation, and to select appropriate investigative methods in order to obtain evidence relevant to the explanation Acknowledge that some scientific explanations cannot be tested using the standard experimental scientific method due to the limits of the laboratory environment, resources, and/or technologies 62 describe steps of the scientific method 469 scientific method Page 46 of 66
7.1.A.f Scientific Inquiry Science understanding is developed through the use of science process skills and scientific knowledge in combination with scientific investigation, reasoning, and critical thinking Scientific inquiry includes the ability of students to formulate a testable question and explanation, and to select appropriate investigative methods in order to obtain evidence relevant to the explanation Acknowledge that there is no fixed procedure called the scientific method, but that some investigations involve systematic observations, carefully collected, relevant evidence, logical reasoning, and some imagination 5 trace the development of measurement 48 creativity and problem solving 50 design problems and creativity 62 trace development of theories 182 creativity and collaboration 315 history of atomic theory 335 history of periodic table development 475 Benjamin Franklin 7.1.A.g Scientific Inquiry Science understanding is developed through the use of science process skills and scientific knowledge in combination with scientific investigation, reasoning, and critical thinking Scientific inquiry includes the ability of students to formulate a testable question and explanation, and to select appropriate investigative methods in order to obtain evidence relevant to the explanation Evaluate the design of an experiment and make suggestions for reasonable improvements 46 identifying cause and effect relationships 88 identify cause and effect relationships 17 identify cause and effect relationships 19 cause and effect relationships Page 47 of 66