Unit 1 Introduction Chapter 1 The Nature of Life https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=vyuokb3go7e
Unit 1: Standards 1. Explain how events in the natural world are discovered. 2. Distinguish how the scientific community and society influence the process of science. 3. Explain the role of science in the study of life.
Unit 1 Standard #1 A. Explain the goals of science. B. Describe the steps of a controlled experiment using scientific methodology. Where did plants and animals come from? How did I come to be? What is Science?
Standard 1 A. Explain the goals of science. Science- is an organized way of gathering and analyzing evidence about the natural world Process not a thing Includes all of the scientific knowledge gathered over the years Base explanations on evidence, not belief. Goals of Science: provide natural explanations for events in the natural world use those explanations to understand patterns in nature make useful predictions
Standard 1: B. Describe the steps of a controlled experiment using scientific methodology. Observing and asking questions Inferring and forming a hypothesis Designing controlled experiments Collecting and analyzing data Drawing conclusions
Observation-act of noticing and describing events of processes in a careful, orderly way a statement describing a fact use your senses (see, hear, taste, smell, touch) 2 types: 1. Quantitative- a factual statement containing numbers(a measurement, count, etc.) 2. Qualitative- a factual statement containing descriptions (color, smells, etc.)
Inference- logical interpretation based on what scientists already know based on the interpretation of facts; usually an opinion What is the difference between an observation and inference? Examples: The temperature at noon today was 83 o F It is very warm today.
Hypothesis (Claim)- scientific explanation for a set of observations that can be tested in ways that support or reject it Proper format of a hypothesis If premise and dependent variable then independent variable.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zrzmhu_4m-g Designing Controlled Experiments: Aspects of a controlled experiment-test of a hypothesis with one variable Independent variable-manipulated variable; the variable that the scientist changes Dependent variable- responding variable; the variable that is observed and changes in response to the independent variable Constants-aspects of the experiment that stay the same for both groups Control group- constants Experimental group- variable that is different (changed)
Data (Evidence)- information collected during an experiment Qualitative Quantitative Research Tools Simple: Meter sticks and calculators Complex: Computers and probes Data Tables-organized method of presenting data Graphs-visually represent the data
Basic Scientific Units Measurement: SI - International System of Units (Metric) 1. standard measurement system used by all scientists 2. base units a. length - meter b. mass gram c. volume liter d. time second e. temp. - celsius or kelvin (-C + 273)
Conclusion/Reasoning: Did the data support the hypothesis(claim)? Use evidence to explain why your hypothesis (Claim) was supported Sources of error Ways to improve
Standard 2 Distinguish how the scientific community and society influence the process of science. A. Explain how scientific attitudes can generate new ideas. B. Describe the importance of peer review. C. Compare and contrast a scientific theory and a scientific law. D. Explain the relationship between science and society
Standard 2 A. Explain how scientific attitudes can generate new ideas. How are new scientific ideas generated? Curiosity Skepticism (questioning existing ideas) Open-mindedness Creativity Scientific methodology starts with questioning problems that leads to Exploration and discoveries New technologies Solving problems
Standard 2 B. Describe the importance of peer review Peer Review
What is Peer Review? scientific papers are reviewed by anonymous, independent experts. Reviewers are looking for: oversights, unfair influences, fraud, or mistakes in techniques or reasoning (errors) Purpose of peer reviews is: to provide an expert assessment of the work to ensure that the highest standards of quality are met. To find errors in the experimental design
Standard 2 C. Compare and contrast a scientific theory and a scientific law. Scientific Theories-well tested explanation for a range of phenomena evidence from many scientific studies may support several related hypotheses unifies a broad range of observations and hypothesis that enable scientists to make accurate predictions Law- statement based on repeated experimental observations that describes some aspect of the universe. proven and supported with data
Standard 2 D. Explain the relationship between science and society. Many questions that affect our lives require scientific information to answer and inspired important research Cancer, food allergies Scientific questions involve: the society in which we live our economy our laws and moral principles. Examples Climatic changes causing polar bears to change habitats Should all polar bears be put in zoos? Should we clone humans?
Standard #3 Explain the role of science in the study of life. A. List characteristics of living things. B. Identify the central themes of biology. C. Explain how life can be studied at different levels.
Standard #3 A. List characteristics of living things. Biology-study of life (Bio- Life, Ology- study of) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=om3la1-svbg Characteristics of Living Things: 1. Living things are based on a universal code. DNA-genetic code that holds the information about growth, form and structure 2. Living things grow and develop. Growth is the result of cell division and enlargement cell division - formation of 2 cells from one development - due to cell division and cell differentiation stages organism goes through to reach adulthood
3. Living things respond to their environment. stimulus - any change in surroundings that causes a reaction response - way an organism reacts to a stimulus 4. Living things are made up of cells. unicellular and multicellular organisms highly organized; contain specialized structures for cell functions differentiation - cells become specialized for various functions http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=98ra2q1zquu&mode=relate d&search
5. Living things reproduce. Asexual-single organism, clone of parent Sexual-2 parents, offspring like parents in kind but not in detail has traits of both parents 6.Living things maintain a stable internal environment. Homeostasis. Ex. ph of blood, heart and breathing rate adjustments, temperature (shiver, sweat, fluff feathers, layer of fat, raise or sleek hair, water level, glucose level, urea level)
7. Living things obtain and use material and energy. autotrophs plants, algae, some bacteria use light or chemicals to make their own food. heterotrophs animals, fungi, most protists, most bacteria must take in food to obtain energy can t make own food Metabolism- sum of all chemical processes occurring in an organism 8. Taken as a group, living things evolve. HEC ROGER Homostasis, Energy use, cells, reproduction, organization, grow and development, evolution, and response to stimulus.
Evolutionary theory is the central organizing principle of all biological and biomedical sciences. Evidence of this shared history is found in: comparing fossils and living organisms physical features (similar bone structures, appearance) chemical structures of proteins to sequences of information in DNA
Standard 3 B. Identify the central themes of biology. Central Themes of Biology: 1. Cellular Basis of Life Unicellular- single cell Multicellular- multiple or many cell 2. Information and Heredity 3. Matter and Energy Autotroph Heterotroph 4. Growth, Development and Reproduction 5. Homeostasis Biosphere 6. Evolution 7. Structure and Function (cells) 8. Unity and Diversity of Life Similar on the molecular level Different on the variety of forms 9. Interdependence in Nature 10. Science as a Way of Knowing
Divide students into 10 groups. Give each group a theme of biology. The group must make a poster and a memorable presentation to teach the class about their theme of biology.
Standard 3 C. Explain how life can be studied at different levels. Use your textbook on pages 22-23 to complete the chart. Field of biology What is it? Give an example Global Ecology Biotechnology Building tree of life Ecology and evolution of infectious diseases Genomic and molecular biology