Year 1 Physics Holiday Work 1. Coplete questions 1-8 in the Fields assessent booklet and questions 1-3 In the Further Mechanics assessent booklet (repeated below in case you have lost the booklet).. Revise and review the entire Year 1 course. This will all be assued knowledge in Year 13, and you can expect a test in the first couple of weeks back.
Fields Assessent Booklet 1. (a) State, in words, Newton s law of gravitation. () (b) Soe of the earliest attepts to deterine the gravitational constant, G, were regarded as experients to weigh the Earth. By considering the gravitational force acting on a ass at the surface of the Earth, regarded as a sphere of radius R, show that the ass of the Earth is given by gr M =, G where g is the value of the gravitational field strength at the Earth s surface. () (c) In the following calculation use these data. radius of the Moon = 1.74 10 6 gravitational field strength at Moon s surface = 1.6 N kg 1 ass of the Earth M = 6.00 10 4 kg gravitational constant G = 6.67 10 11 N kg Calculate the ass of the Moon and express its ass as a percentage of the ass of the Earth. (3) (Total 7 arks)
. Which one of the following graphs correctly shows the relationship between the gravitational force, F, between two asses and the distance, r, between the? F F A r B 1 r F F C r D 1 r (Total 1 ark) 3. A sall ass is situated at a point on a line joining two large asses l and such that it experiences no resultant gravitational force. If its distance fro the ass 1 is r 1 and r1 its distance fro the ass is r, what is the value of the ratio r? 1 1 A B C D 1 1 (Total 1 ark)
4. (a) The graph shows how the gravitational potential varies with distance in the region above the surface of the Earth. R is the radius of the Earth, which is 6400 k. At the surface of the Earth, the gravitational potential is 6.5 MJ kg 1 0 distance fro centre of Earth 0 R R 3R 4R gravitational potential/mj kg 1 0 40 60 80 Use the graph to calculate (i) the gravitational potential at a distance R fro the centre of the Earth, the increase in the potential energy of a 100kg satellite when it is raised fro the surface of the Earth into a circular orbit of radius 3R. (4) (b) (i) Write down an equation which relates gravitational field strength and gravitational potential. By use of the graph in part (a), calculate the gravitational field strength at a distance R fro the centre of the Earth.
(iii) Show that your result for part (b) is consistent with the fact that the surface gravitational field strength is about 10 N kg 1. (5) (Total 9 arks) 5. Which one of the following has different units to the other three? A B C D gravitational potential gravitational field strength force per unit ass gravitational potential gradient (Total 1 ark) 6. A satellite is in orbit at a height h above the surface of a planet of ass M and radius R. What is the velocity of the satellite? GM ( R h) GM ( R h) GM A B C D R R R h) GM ( R h) (Total 1 ark) 7. Counications satellites are usually placed in a geo-stationary orbit. (a) State two features of a geo-stationary orbit. () (b) Given that the ass of the Earth is 6.00 10 4 kg and its ean radius is 6.40 10 6,
(i) show that the radius of a geo-stationary orbit ust be 4.3 10 7, calculate the increase in potential energy of a satellite of ass 750 kg when it is raised fro the Earth s surface into a geo-stationary orbit. (6) (Total 8 arks) 8. (a) State, in words, Newton s law of gravitation. (3) (b) By considering the centripetal force which acts on a planet in a circular orbit, show that T R 3, where T is the tie taken for one orbit around the Sun and R is the radius of the orbit. (3) (c) The Earth s orbit is of ean radius 1.50 10 11 and the Earth s year is 365 days long.
(i) The ean radius of the orbit of Mercury is 5.79 10 10. Calculate the length of Mercury s year. Neptune orbits the Sun once every 165 Earth years. distance fro Sun to Neptune Calculate the ratio. distance fro Sun to Earth (4) (Total 10 arks)
Further Mechanics Assessent Booklet 1. A cheical centrifuge consists of two test-tube holders which can be spun round in a horizontal circular path at very high speed as shown. The centrifuge runs at a steady speed of 3000 revolutions per inute and the test-tube holders are horizontal. 95 axis of rotation test-tube holders (i) Calculate the angular speed of the centrifuge in rad s 1...... Calculate the agnitude of the acceleration at a point on the centrifuge 95 fro the axis of rotation....... (iii) State the direction of the acceleration in part.... (Total 5 arks) 11. In a football atch, a player kicks a stationary football of ass 0.44 kg and gives it a speed of 3 s -1. (a) (i) Calculate the change of oentu of the football. The contact tie between the football and the footballer s boot was 9. s. Calculate the average force of ipact on the football. (3)
(b) A video recording showed that the toe of the boot was oving on a circular arc of radius 0.6 centred on the knee joint when the football was struck. The force of the ipact slowed the boot down fro a speed of 4 s -1 to a speed of 15 s -1. Figure 1 (i) Calculate the deceleration of the boot along the line of the ipact force when it struck the football. Calculate the centripetal acceleration of the boot just before ipact. (iii) Discuss briefly the radial force on the knee joint before ipact and during the ipact. (4) (Total 7 arks)
3. For a particle oving in a circle with unifor speed, which one of the following stateents is correct? A B C The displaceent of the particle is in the direction of the force. The force on the particle is in the sae direction as the direction of otion of the particle. The oentu of the particle is constant. D The kinetic energy of the particle is constant. (Total 1 arks)