Outline Session 2: Analog Circuits Lab Power / Energy Series / Parallel Small Signal Applications Lab hits Power Supply, Oscilloscope, Breadboard, Multimeters Energy Power an Energy for, L, C Series / Parallel LTI & NLTI uality 1-port 2-port Networks Piecewise linear Small Signal Bias point, small signal model iode example Applications ectifier, Voltage limiter Zener 1 2 Power Supply 001 Lab I short current limit -31 + 27.9 3 4 1
Breadboard Oscilloscope Trigger:? Vcc GN? 6 Oscilloscope Probe igital Multimeters o not use oscilloscope probe for power cables! 7 8 2
Energy and Power Voltage definition: Power in electrical eng! H 2 O High Pressure, Low Pressure Passivity esistance II III 0 IV I efinition: Passive always in I, II 0 receives power ; consumes power Active: not passive a point in III or IV 0 delivers power ; generate power Generator Network 0 9 Active Active 10 Energy stored in TI Capacitor capacitance NLTI, Energy stored in TI Inductor inductor NLTI, Assume at 0: 0, 0 Assume at 0: 0, 0 ( no hysteresis ) 0 If 2 Only for LTI Cap 0 If 2 Only for LTI Inductor 11 12 3
4 th Element, Memristor Series / Parallel LTI air wet water hot cold fire dry earth voltage resistor current capacitor inductor charge memristor flux 13 14 Series / Parallel NLTI Series / Parallel NLTI V 0 V 0 adding voltages at equal currents true for current controlled V 0 Ideal diode analysis adding currents at equal voltages true for voltage controlled 1 everse the diode direction and fine curve synthesis 16 4
Series / Parallel NLTI uality V 0 S S* open circuit 1 short circuit series KVL parallel KCL 17 18? parallel/series combination of linear resistors will be linear parallel/series combination of nonlinear resistors will be nonlinear parallel/series combination of bilateral resistors will be bilateral parallel/series combination of voltage controlled resistors will be voltage controlled 19 2-port equal resistance 1-port / 2-terminal Y 2-port: 3 eqs, 3 unknown T Π 20
Piecewise Linear Approximation Technique Synthesis Piecewise Linear Approximation Technique Synthesis voltage controlled V 0 voltage controlled 1 2 G 2 current controlled 21 E 1 E 2 22 Quiescent Point Quiescent (Bias) Point for NLTI Linear 2-terminal network 1/ T dc ac dc ac Small signal regime Thevenin equivalent V T T 4 23 24 6
Small-Signal Analysis (for NLTI) Small-Signal Analysis (for NLTI) Taylor series: Small-signal condition Small-signal condition dc ac 2 1 small signal resistance 26 Small-Signal Analysis (for NLTI) Example iode Small-signal condition 1 1 Step1: Find Bias Point! Step2: Small Signal Analysis! 1 27 LN bias small signal Forward biased diode: 1 NLTI: iode 28 1 26 1 small signal resistance 1 1 7
Example iode iode Large Signal small signal resistance 8 x 10-3 NLTI: iode 2 6 4 1 bias small signal?how to solve bias (large signal) 1 2 0 0. 0. 0.6 0.6 ideal 26 ideal ideal ~0.60.7V 29 30 iode Large Signal Example iode Large Signal 1?How we should bias a diode? LN V Load line 1,1Ω, 10, 26 31 iteration 0 ln 0.68 4.341 ln 0.64864 4.34 ln 0.64889 32 8
Example iode Large/Small Signal Example iode Large/Small Signal 10.1 ; 0.7 100Ω C / bias 100Ω 0.7 100Ω 0.7 Bias: Small signal: small signal resistance 33 200Ω V AC / small signal 100Ω 0.1 120Ω 300Ω 1V V 0.11.7 220 200Ω 300Ω 1V 3V 120Ω 310.7 100120 6.36 3.9Ω 0.71.7 34 Example 01 Example 01 Find assume 0,0.7 ON (F) Find assume 0,0.7 ON (F) 1: (F) If 0 () OFF 1: (F) If 0 () OFF condition 0 0 0 0 1: () If 0 OFF ON condition 0 0 0 0 1: () If 0 OFF ON 0 condition 0 0 0 3 0 condition 0 0 0 36 9
Example 01 Example 01 37 38 Example 01 Voltage Limiter 1v 1v 1 V 2 V 1 1v 1 1:OFF, 2:OFF 0 1v V V 0 0 0 0 39 condition 0 0 0 40 10
Voltage Limiter Voltage Limiter 1 V 2 V 1 2 1 V 2 V 1 2 2 1:ON, 2:OFF 3 1:OFF, 2:ON 3 V V V V 100 0 100 0 41 42 Peak etector Zener iode 1 1F Z breakdown region 1 ~1 ~20 In breakdown region: Z 43 44 11
Zeneriode Voltage egulator Zeneriode Voltage egulator Z Z 1 ~ 1 1 ~ 1 ~ 20 ~ 20 large signal Small signal 4 46 12