Unit 6 ~ Learning Guide Name: Instructions: Using a pencil, complete the following notes as you work through the related lessons. Show ALL work as is explained in the lessons. You are required to have this package completed BEFORE you write your unit test. Do your best and ask questions if you don t understand anything! Matter Questions How is matter classified? What is a pure substance? Give an example of a pure substance. What is a mixture? Give an example of a mixture. 4. What are the differences between mixtures and pure substances? Mixtures Pure Substances 4. 4. Pure Substances Questions What are pure substances further broken down into?
Define element and compound? Sketch and colour an example for each. Element Definition: Compound Definition: Example: Sketch and colour a particle of oxygen (Element). Example: Sketch and colour the particles that make up water (Compound). Determine whether each pure substance below is an element or a compound and explain your reason. Pure substance Clear liquid that can be split into two gases with different properties Yellow solid that always has the same properties and cannot be broken down Colourless gas that burns to produce carbon dioxide and water Element or compound Reason H O H O
4. Provide 5 examples of each, mixtures, elements, and compounds. It might be helpful to use information from the section on mixtures. Matter Mixtures Pure Substances 4. 5. 4. 5. Elements Compounds 4. 5. Mixtures Questions Define each type of mixture and give three examples for each one. Suspensions Solutions Mechanical Mixtures Emulsions Definition: Definition: Definition: Definition:
Separating Mixtures Questions Describe the different methods for separating mixtures? Provide an example for each method. Method Description Example Picking Apart Filtering Using Density Using Magnetism Dissolving Evaporating
Choose the best method of separation for each substance. The first one is done for you. Mixture Best Separation Method(s) Worst Separation Method(s) marbles and foam balls Pick apart they look very different. Using Density foam balls would float while marbles sink. Evaporating neither would evaporate. Using Magnetism neither is attracted to a magnet. oil and water wood and brick pieces sand and pebbles aluminum and iron nails Soluability Questions Name the different parts of a solution and what does each one do? What is the concentration of a solution?
Explain saturated, unsaturated, and dilute and give an example of each. Saturated Unsaturated Dilute Meaning Example 4. What is solubility and what are some factors that affect it? Acidity Questions What are the characteristics of an acid and a base? Give 3 examples of each. Characteristics: Acid Characteristics: 4. Base What is used to measure acidity? How does it work? How can you tell is something is acidic, basic, or neutral? What are some examples of substances that are extremely acidic or basic? Neutral? What is their rating on the ph scale?
4. What is litmus paper used for?
Answer Key Matter Answers: Matter is classified as a mixture or a pure substance. A pure substance is the same throughout. Every sample of a pure substance has the same properties and each pure substance has its own kind of particle. Some examples of pure substances are water, sugar, and diamonds. Mixtures are made up of two or more pure substances and any combination of liquid, gases and solids. Most of the substances you see are mixtures. Examples of mixtures are chicken noodle soup, juice, water, and gold. 4. Some differences between mixtures and pure substances are: Pure Substance Has constant physical properties. (Color, odor, density, melting point, boiling point, etc.) Can be described by a formula. (H 2 O, CO 2, etc.) Are chemically combined so that individual component properties are "lost" in compounds. (CuS is neither copper in color nor yellow.) Have one phase. (distinct zone with uniform properties) Mixture May have different physical properties, depending on which part or where is was taken from. Can be described only by a recipe. (salad dressing = 3 parts oil, 1 part vinegar, etc.) Are physically combined so that individual components retain their properties. (Oil and vinegar in the dressing can be detected by eye, nose, and tongue.) May have one or more phases. Pure Substances Answers: Pure substances can be broken down into elements and compounds. Element Definition: It is one of the building blocks of matter. It is just a singular element. Compound Definition: It is a combination of elements that make up each molecule. Example: Sketch and colour a particle of oxygen (Element). Example: Sketch and colour the particles that make up water (a compound). Pure substance Clear liquid that can be split into two gases with different properties Element or compound Compound Reason It is a combination of different elements because it splits into two gases with different properties. Yellow solid that always Element It is an element. It is not combined
has the same properties and cannot be broken down olourless gas that burns to produce carbon dioxide and water Compound with any other element. It is a combination of carbon dioxide and water so it is a compound. H Element It is an element, only hydrogen. O H O Compound Water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen. 4. Matter Mixtures Pure Substances fruit salad pizza 4. juice 5. salad dressing Elements Oxygen 2 Gold 3 helium 5. carbon 6. aluminum Compounds carbon dioxide baking soda sugar 4. alcohol 5. salt Mixtures Answers: Suspensions Definition: the different parts are blended together, but most will separate given time Solutions Definition: a mixture where the different parts are mixed so well that they stay together and look like a pure substance Mechanical Mixtures Definition: see the different parts with the unaided eye Emulsions Definition: a suspension that has been treated so it takes a much longer time to separate Juice Salad dressing Smoky air juice, syrup, salt water granola bar, pizza, salad mayonnaise, paint, mustard
Separating Mixtures Answers: Method Description Example Picking Apart If the particles are large enough they can be picked apart by hand. Different coloured marbles Filtering Using Density Using Magnetism Dissolving Evaporating A liquid or gas mixed with solids can be separated using a filter. Larger particles remain in the filter. It two substances in the mixture have different densities. It is possible that one may float and one may sink. Any substance containing iron will be attracted to a magnet. If one substance is made of iron and the other isn't it will be easy to separate using a magnet. Some substances like salt will dissolve in water, others like sand will not dissolve in water. This makes them easier to separate. If you apply heat to a solution (salt water) the water will evaporate. You will be left with just the solute (salt). Air, water, coffee Foam balls and water. Iron filings and sand Salt and sand mixed with water Salt Water Mixture Best Separation Method(s) Worst Separation Method(s) marbles and foam balls oil and water wood and brick pieces sand and pebbles Pick apart they look very different. Using Density foam balls would float while marbles sink. Using Density the oil would float to the tops and could be skimmed off. Pick apart they look very different. Using Density the wood pieces would float to the tops and could be skimmed off. Using Filtering- use a filter to separate out the larger pebbles. Evaporating neither would evaporate. Using Magnetism neither is attracted to a magnet. Using Pick Apart - neither substance is able to be picked apart Using Magnetism neither is attracted to a magnet. Evaporating neither would evaporate. Using Magnetism neither is attracted to a magnet. Evaporating neither would evaporate. Using Magnetism neither is attracted to a magnet.
aluminum and iron nails Using Magnetism the iron nails would be attracted by the magnet and could be easily separated. Pick apart they look very different Evaporating neither would evaporate. Using Filtration neither is a material that can be filtered. Soluability Answers: A solution is made up of a solute and a solvent. A solute is dissolved and the solvent does the dissolving. The concentration of the solution is the amount of the solute in the solvent. Saturated Unsaturated Meaning When a solution is saturated any more solute added will just settle to the bottom. If you can still add more solute, the solution is unsaturated. Example When there is a solution with too much solute. If there are too many juice crystals in a solution and no more can be added. When you can still add more solute to a solution. If you can still add more drink crystals to the solution it is unsaturated. A low concentration solution is dilute. Low concentration of juice crystals. Dilute The less the solute, the more dilute the solution. 4. Solubility is the amount of solute that can dissolve in a certain solvent at a certain temperature and is a property of a pure substance. This varies with substances, as well as temperature. You can use solubility to identify a substance. Acidity Answers: Acid Characteristics: sour taste corrodes metal cauases burns on skin (can be serious) citrus fruits tomatoaes vinegar Base Characteristics: bitter taste feels slippery causes burns on skin (can be serous) 4.breaks down fat and oil soap oven cleaner amonia A ph scale is used to measure acidity of substances. The acids are the low numbers (between 0 and 7) while the bases are the high numbers (between 7 and 14). This makes 7 the middle value, and the point where we call substances neutral (neither acidic nor basic). Battery Acid is extremely acidic (0 on the ph scale), drain cleaner is extremely basic (14 on the ph scale), and pure water is neutral (7 on the ph scale). 4. Litmus paper is used to test whether a substance is acidic or basic. Litmus paper turns red for acid and blue for base. It is commonly used to test the ph of swimming pools.