Seismic Hazard Assessment Methodologies : Partner s Presentation Greek P2: Selected Seismic Hazard Assessment Methodologies Applied to Specific National Case Studies Basil N. Margaris Dr. Geophysicist-Seismologist
Seismic Hazard Assessment Seismic Sources Ground motion parameters Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis Results of Seismic Hazard Analysis
Seismic Source in Greece (Papazachos etal. 1993)
Seismic Source in Greece (Papazachos etal. 2006) Seismic Faults (Papazachos etal., 2001) Seismci Sources (Papazachos and Papaioannou, 2000)
Active Faults in Area Studied (Pavlidis et al., 2005)
GMPE s: Ground Motion Prediction Equations in Greece (Skarlatoudis etal., 2003; BSSA)
Seismic Hazard Assessment Seismic Hazard Analysis: Estimation of ground-shaking hazards at a particular site Two basic approaches Deterministic (DSHA): Assumes a single scenario Select a single magnitude, M Select a single distance, R Assume effects due to M, R Probabilistic (PSHA): Assumes many scenarios Consider all magnitudes Consider all distances Consider all effects Source 1 Source 3 M 1 Site M 3 GMP Y Source 2 M 3 M 1 M 2 R 3 R 2 M 2 Controlling EQ R 1 Distance 1 2 3 4 R 3 R 1 R 2 Y1 Y2 Y Y N
Comparison of 2 Different PSHA Codes FRISK (McGuire 1998) & HAZ (Abrahamson 2000) 300 250 Location: Point 1 250 200 Location: Point 2 200 PGA (cm/sec2) 150 50 Frisk88 HAZ30 PGA (cm/sec2) 150 50 Frisk88 HAZ30 0 0 0 200 400 600 800 0 Return Period (yrs) 0 200 400 600 800 0 1200 Return Period (yrs) 600 500 Location: Test Site 500 Location: Profitis 400 400 PGA (cm/sec2) 300 200 PGA (cm/sec2) 300 200 0 Frisk88M HAZ30 0 Frisk88M HAZ30 0 200 400 600 800 0 Return Period (yrs) 0 200 400 600 800 0 Return Period (yrs)
PSHA & Dis-Aggregation (Margaris & Κoutrakis 2004) Πόλη Λευκάδας, PGA=333 cm/sec 2 (~52 yrs RP) M-R max at 6.35-5.0 Πόλη Λευκάδας PGA=410 cm/sec 2 (~87 yrs RP) M-R max at 6.35-5.0 0,06 0,04 0,05 0,03 0,04 M-R Conditional PMF 0,02 M-R Conditional PMF 0,03 0,02 0,01 0,01 0,00 4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 6,5 7,0 7,5 Magnitude 5 10 15 20 35 30 25 PGA (cm/sec 2 ) Epicentral distance (km) 800 600 400 0,00 4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 6,5 Magnitude 7,0 7,5 5 10 15 20 35 30 25 Epicentral distance (km) 200 0 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 Περίοδος Επανάληψης (yrs)
Strong Motion Stochastic Siumulation (PSM-FSM) Methodology 1. Point Source Model (PSM) (Hanks, 1979; McGuire & Hanks, 1981; Boore, 1983;Joyner,1984; Boore,1997; Margaris & Boore, 1998; Margaris 2002, Atkinson and Boore 2000, 2006, Boore etal., 2009, among others ). Description Ground Motion Spectrum: R(f) = C S(f) A(f) D(f) I(f) 1. C = (R θφ F V)/ (4πρ 0 β 0 3 R) Scaling Factor 2. S(f) = M 0 /[1 + (f/f 0 ) 2 ] Source Spectrum Factor 3. A(f) = (ρ 0 β 0 / ρ r β r ) Amplification factor 4.D(f)= [(-π f R)/(Q(f) β 0 )] P(f) Diminution factor P(f) = exp(-πκ 0 f) (Anderson and Hough, 1984) 5.I(f) = (2 π f ) n n=1,2 Παράγοντας Απόκρισης Οργάνου
Strong Motion Stochastic Siumulation (PSM-FSM: continued) 2. Finite fault Model (FSM) (Beresnev and Atkinson, 1997; 1998a; 1998b; 1999; Atkinson and Silva, 1997; 2000, Margaris 2001; Boore 2009 ). Description f 0 = (y z / π) β 0 / Δl m 0 = Δσ Δl 3 log Δl = -2.0 +0.4 M Corner Frequency Seismic Momment Relation Fault length vs M Basic Equations f 0 = 4.9 10 6 β 0 (Δσ/Μ 0 ) 1/3 Corner Frequency (Brune,1970) (Margaris & Hatzidimitriou 2002) T w = T s + T d (R) Duration (Hanks & McGuire, 1981; Herrmann,1985; Atkinson, 1993)
Stochastic Simulation Verification with Observed Strong Motion Data ΤΗΕ78-1 (Μargaris & Boore, 1998; BSSA) Acceleration (cm/sec 2 ) 200 150 50 0-50 - -150 O 74.1 cm/sec 2 O 141.1 cm/sec 2-200 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time (sec) THE78-1L Acceleration (cm/sec 2 ) 200 150 50 0-50 - -150 Synthetic, Point Source Model 60.8 cm/sec 2 O O 131.2 cm/sec 2-200 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time (sec) Acceleration (cm/sec 2 ) 200 150 50 0-50 - -150 91.7 cm/sec 2 O O 140 cm/sec 2-200 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time (sec) THE78-1T Acceleration (cm/sec 2 ) 200 150 50 0-50 - -150 O 84.4 cm/sec 2 Synthetic, Finite Source Model O 168.6 cm/sec 2-200 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time (sec)
Stochastic Simulation Verification with Observed Strong Motion Data ΤΗΕ78-1 (Μargaris & Boore, 1998; BSSA) PSV (cm/sec) 10 1 0,1 THE781-A 5% PSV Long Comp THE781-A 5% PSV Trans Comp Sm-Sim PSM 5% PSV 0,01 0,01 0,1 1 10 Event A Event B Period (sec) PSV (cm/sec) 10 1 0,1 THE781-A 5% PSV Long Comp THE781-A 5% PSV Trans Comp Sm-Sim FSM 5% PSV 0,01 0,01 0,1 1 10 Event A Event B Period (sec) PSV (cm/sec) 10 1 0,1 THE781-B 5% PSV Long Comp THE781-B 5% PSV Trans Comp Sm-Sim PSM 5% PSV 0,01 0,01 0,1 1 10 Period (sec) PSV (cm/sec) 10 1 0,1 THE781-B 5% PSV Long Comp THE781-B 5% PSV Trans Comp Sm-Sim FSM 5% PSV 0,01 0,01 0,1 1 10 Period (sec)
PSHA in Serres City Greece (Papazachos etal., 1996) Eqk. Scenarios for PSHA in Serres City Ret.Per : Tr (yrs) 476 980 AMP: PGA (cm/s 2 ) 175.0 215.0 M* 6.2 7.0 D* 13.0 33.0
PSHA in Serres City Greece & Design Response Spectra (Papazachos etal., 1996)
PSHA and Disaggregation Analysis in Serres City (Margaris, 2013) 0 Hazard (pdf) disaggregated in M,D and EPS Ret.Per : Tr (yrs) 476 980 AMP: PGA (cm/s 2 ) 130.0 190.0 PGA (cm/s 2 ) PSHA_PGA (site : Serres) -------------------------------------------------------- M* 6.1 6.2 D* (km) 15.0 10.0 Eps* 0.438 0.563 Mode 0.507E-02 0.723E-02 PSHA (Papazachos etal., 1996) PSHA (pr. st. Sk.ea. 2003) PSHA (pr. st. Sk.ea. 2003) + 1SD 10 0 200 400 600 800 0 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 Mean Return Period (yrs)
Simulated Time Histories in Serres City based on PSHA & Disaggregation results (Margaris, 2013)
Response Spectral Comparison vs Design Spectra (Papazachos etal., 1997: Margaris, 2013)
Issues should be discussed 1. Determination of seismic hazard parameters to be assessed (e.g. Imm, Pga, Psa etc.). 2. Seismicity and seismic zonation of the areas examined (Greece, Turkey etc.). 3. Ground motion predictive equations (GMPE) adopted for seismic hazard assessment. 4. Return periods (or probabilities of exceedence) for Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA). 5. Analytical Description of the seismic hazard input data. 6. Description of the adopted and applied methodological approaches for seismic hazard analysis deterministically or probabilistically