Earth s Landforms
A physical feature of the Earth s surface
A physical feature of the Earth s surface LANDFORM
Highest of Earth s physical features
Highest of Earth s physical features MOUNTAIN
Low area between mountains or hills
Low area between mountains or hills VALLEY
Wide flat areas of land
Wide flat areas of land PLAINS
Large flat area higher than the land around it
Large flat area higher than the land around it PLATEAU
Earth s largest bodies of saltwater
Earth s largest bodies of saltwater OCEAN
Natural streams of flowing water that empty into lakes, oceans
Natural streams of flowing water that empty into lakes, oceans RIVERS
Body of water with land all around it
Body of water with land all around it LAKE
Large underwater area between continents
Large underwater area between continents OCEAN BASIN
Gently sloping part of the ocean floor along the coast
Gently sloping part of the ocean floor along the coast CONTINENTAL SHELF
The sharp drop from the continental shelf to the continental rise
Sharp drop from the continental shelf to the continental rise CONTINENTAL SLOPE
Wide flat area covering about 40% of the ocean floor
Wide flat area covering about 40% of the ocean floor ABYSSAL PLAIN
Takes measurements used to make maps
Takes measurements used to make maps SURVEYOR
Map where elevations are shown with shading
Map where elevations are shown with shading RELIEF
Map where elevations are shown using lines
Map where elevations are shown using lines CONTOUR
Layer of air around the Earth
Layer of air around the Earth ATMOSPHERE
Earth s waters make up the.
Earth s waters make up the HYDROSPHERE
Earth is made of 3 layers the the and the.
Earth is made of 3 layers the CRUST the MANTLE and the CORE
Part of Earth that is home for living things
Part of Earth that is home for living things BIOSPHERE
The crust and the top of the upper mantle
The crust and the top of the upper mantle LITHOSPHERE
Plate Tectonics
Geologist Alfred Wegener formulated the theory
Geologist Alfred Wegener formulated the theory CONTINENTAL DRIFT
Wegener s theory stated that Earth s were once joined in one landmass, but drifted apart.
Wegener s theory stated that Earth s CONTINENTS were once joined in one landmass, but
The age and composition of rocks in the on S. America s east coast matched those on Africa s west coast
The age and composition of rocks in the MOUNTAINS on S. America s east coast matched those on Africa s west coast
. In Africa and South America were once joined
FOSSILS In Africa and South America were once joined
model explains how continents have moved over millions of years
PLATE TECTONICS model explains how continents have moved over millions of years
Earth s lithosphere is made of huge pieces of solid rock called
Earth s lithosphere is made of huge pieces of solid rock called PLATES
Solid pieces of rock rest on the hot slippery rock of Earth s
Solid pieces of rock rest on the hot slippery rock of Earth s ASTHENOSPHERE
rises up through the crack where plates move apart under the ocean
MAGMA rises up through the crack where plates move apart under the ocean
The ocean floor spreads at the plate boundary, the resting on the plates also move apart.
The ocean floor spreads at the plate boundary, the CONTINENTS resting on the plates also
Hot rocks cool at the surface forming the mid-ocean ridge and the along its top
Hot rocks cool at the surface forming the mid-ocean ridge and the RIFT VALLEY along its top
When plates push toward each other, a force called. results
When plates push toward each other, a force called COMPRESSION results
Compression forces the ground upward to form. Mountains.
Compression forces the ground upward to form FOLDED Mountains.
A mountain range in Asia, the began to form this way, as folded mountains
A mountain range in Asia, the HIMALAYAS began to form this way, as folded mountains
In places where one plate rubs past another, a tearing force called.. results
In places where one plate rubs past another, a tearing force called SHEAR results
A shear force can cause blocks of crust to break apart along deep cracks in the crust called
A shear force can cause blocks of crust to break apart along deep cracks in the crust called FAULTS
When rock on one side of a fault moves down and rock on the other side moves up, a mountain is formed
When rock on one side of a fault moves down and rock on the other side moves up, a FAULT BLOCK
One example of a fault-block mountain is the..mountain range in California
One example of a fault-block mountain is the SIERRA NEVADA mountain range in California
Volcanoes
Most of Earth s volcanoes are located at edges of..
Most of Earth s volcanoes are located at edges of PLATES
A string of volcanoes at plate boundaries around the Pacific Ocean
A string of volcanoes at plate boundaries around the Pacific Ocean RING OF FIRE
Volcanoes often erupt at places where one plate. The other.
Volcanoes often erupt at places where one plate DIVES UNDER The other.
The bottom edge of the diving plate melts in the heat of the..
The bottom edge of the diving plate melts in the heat of the MANTLE
Melted rock rises within the crust, forming a hot pool of..
Melted rock rises within the crust, forming a hot pool of MAGMA
Magma that reaches Earth s surface
Magma that reaches Earth s surface LAVA
When magma hardens inside Earth s crust, it can form vertical and horizontal.
When magma hardens inside Earth s crust, it can form vertical DIKES and horizontal SILLS
Magma pushed into a thick sill can form a.
Magma pushed into a thick sill can form a LACCOLITH
The largest underground magma formations are. Which can form large hills
The largest underground magma formations are BATHOLITH Which can form large hills
A volcano that can erupt
A volcano that can erupt ACTIVE
When a volcano stays quiet for a time
When a volcano stays quiet for a time DORMANT
A volcano that no longer erupts
A volcano that no longer erupts EXTINCT
Hawaiian Islands formed over a stationary pool of magma called
Hawaiian Islands formed over a stationary pool of magma called HOT SPOT
When mountains grew high enough to break the ocean s surface they became volcanic
When mountains grew high enough to break the ocean s surface they became volcanic ISLANDS
As the plate moved away from the hot spot, a new. formed
As the plate moved away from the hot spot, a new ISLAND formed
Where two ocean plates meet and one is pushed uner, an island may form
Where two ocean plates meet and one is pushed uner, an island ARC may form
Magma from edge of the lower plate rises and builds volcanic islands along the plate
Magma from edge of the lower plate rises and builds volcanic islands along the plate BOUNDARY
An example of an island arc is the.. In Alaska
An example of an island arc is the ALEUTIAN ISLANDS In Alaska
Earthquakes
Earthquakes happen when the layers of rock on both sides of a suddenly slip
Earthquakes happen when the layers of rock on both sides of a FAULT suddenly slip
Waves of energy spread out from the the place where the slipping began
Waves of energy spread out from the FOCUS the place where the slipping began
Waves spread out from the of the earthquake, the point directly above the focus
Waves spread out from the EPICENTER of the earthquake, the point directly above the focus
Most earthquakes happen at faults that are near the boundaries of..
Most earthquakes happen at faults that are near the boundaries of TECTONIC PLATES
Scientists use to detect and measure earthquake waves.
Scientists use SEISMOMETER to detect and measure earthquake waves.
The fastest earthquake waves that pass through solids and liquids
The fastest earthquake waves that pass through solids and liquids PRIMARY
Slower earthquake waves that move through only solid layers
Slower earthquake waves that move through only solid layers SECONDARY
Slowest moving earthquake waves, move across surface, cause the most damage
Slowest moving earthquake waves, move across surface, cause the most damage SURFACE
Magnitude measures the amount of. An earthquake releases
Magnitude measures the amount of ENERGY An earthquake releases
Scientists use the. Scale to measure the magnitude of an earthquake
Scientists use the RICHTER Scale to measure the magnitude of an earthquake
Scientists use the. Scale to measure an earthquake s effects.
Scientists use the MERCALLI Scale to measure an earthquake s effects.
An underwater earthquake can produce a large wave called a
An underwater earthquake can produce a large wave called a TSUNAMI
Underwater earthquakes with a magnitude of. or greater are most likely to cause Tsunamis
Underwater earthquakes with a magnitude of 6.5 or greater are most likely to cause Tsunamis
Layers of rubber and steel between a building and its foundation allow to reducing earthquake damage
Layers of rubber and steel between a building and its foundation allow to SWAY reducing earthquake damage
Before an earthquake,. Objects to prevent them from falling and causing injury
Before an earthquake, SECURE Objects to prevent them from falling and causing injury
Shaping Earth s Surface
Process that breaks down rock into small pieces
Process that breaks down rock into small pieces WEATHERING
Temperature changes, ice expanding in cracks, and impacts are examples of.
Temperature changes, ice expanding in cracks, and impacts are examples of PHYSICAL WEATHERING
Acid rain, oxidation, hydrolysis are examples of...
Acid rain, oxidation, hydrolysis are examples of CHEMICAL WEATHERING
Pieces of weathered rock are moved from place to place by
Pieces of weathered rock are moved from place to place by EROSION
Loose rock and soil moving downhill
Loose rock and soil moving downhill LANDSLIDE
A Large mass of flowing ice that erodes the rock and soil beneath it
A Large mass of flowing ice that erodes the rock and soil beneath it GLACIER
Process of dropping eroded sediment in a new place
Process of dropping eroded sediment in a new place DEPOSITION
Running water of erodes rock and soil and washes it downstream
Running water of RIVERS erodes rock and soil and washes it downstream
Slow moving rivers that flow in gentle loops
Slow moving rivers that flow in gentle loops MEANDER
Waves wash away at the sides of a headland forming an
Waves wash away at the sides of a headland forming an ARCH
During floods, rivers deposit sediment on. Along their banks.
During floods, rivers deposit sediment on FLOODPLAINS Along their banks.
Wind deposits sand along the shoreline in hills of sand called.
Wind deposits sand along the shoreline in hills of sand called DUNES
People build walls called. Along rivers to prevent floods
People build walls called LEVEES Along rivers to prevent floods
To slow erosion,. Can be built in the water along the beach
To slow erosion, BARRICADES Can be built in the water along the beach
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