CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY Department of Biological Sciences Manila*Malolos*Makati SYLLABUS PRBS 115 Bio. Sci 115 General Physiology 5 3 hrs. lec; 6 hrs. lab Subject Code Subject Title Descriptive Title Credit (unit (s) Hour(s)/Week I. COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course deals with the study of how plants and animals function, ranging from the most basic unit of organisms, the cell, to the more complex organs and organ systems. The abnormalities in structure and function are also discussed together with their causes and remedies. Preventions are suggested so that these abnormalities can be avoided. An understanding of these physiological and biochemical reactions will give a better appreciation of their roles in the maintenance of life and other processes. Pre-requisites: Botany 11; Zoology 11; Zoology 12 and Chemistry 131 II. COURSE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the course, the students 1. relate anatomy with physiology and its application by: 1.1 discussing the fundamental principles of the body structure and functions that will lead to an understanding of animals and man in particular. 1.2 listing the causes of human diseases and malfunctioning of organs and how to prevent them. 1.3 explaining the major metabolic/physiological processes in plants (photosynthesis, mineral nutrition, nutrient transport, hormonal control of flowering, growth and development) and in animals with emphasis on man. 2. appreciate the complexity of how life manages to cope up with all the stress present in the environment where organisms live. 3. cultivate a sense of gratitude for the beauty and greatness of all organisms. 4. relate the economic conditions to diseases and motivate to do something about it. 5. apply the different laboratory techniques in interpreting basic concepts in order to act more intelligently when faced with issues involving bodily function. 6. demonstrate behavior that is consistent with the core values of the University and that of the School of Science and Technology. Page 1 of 9
III. COURSE CONTENT : 1. describe the cell structure, its parts, functions and different processes. 2. understand the importance of the different cellular processes in the life of an organism. 3. maintain actions that will positively affect our own body. 4. construct flowcharts to show the sequence of events of the different cellular processes. Unit 1- Cellular Physiology and Life 1. Structure of the Cell 2. Cellular Processes 2.1 Cell Reproduction 2.2 DNA Replication 2.3 Cellular Respiration 2.4 Photosynthesis 2.5 Protein Synthesis 3. Organization 4. Homeostasis 1. The Cell 2. The Chemistry of Life 3. Cellular Process: Photosynthesis 4. Paper Chromotographic Separation of Chloroplast Pigments 5. Physiologic Functions of Tissues a. epithelial b. connective c. muscular d. nervous Use of prepared slides or specimens Cooperative learning Simulation game Powerpoint presentation 2 weeks Theoretical and practical quiz Oral reports 1. describe the different effects of stimulus to membrane. 2. discuss with the effects of the different forms of stimuli in a muscle nerve preparation. 3. outline of the mechanisms of transport across membranes. Unit 2 - Membrane Physiology, Nerve and Muscle 1. Transport through cell membrane a. Active transport b. Passive transport 2. Membrane Potential and Action Potential 3. Neuromuscular transmission Research reading on relevant topic Use of illustrated materials/ prepared acetates Concept mapping 1 week Research workcritic a journal on Membrane Physiology, Nerve and Muscle
4. display the proper technique of obtaining a muscle nerve 1. Transport Mechanisms of the cells preparation. 2. Muscle-nerve preparation Page 2 of 9 1. relate the effect of nerves to the action of the different organs in each system. 2. explain the consequences of a damaged nerve to an organ. 3. describe the process of myelination. 4. demonstrate the different responses of reflex. Unit 3 - Nervous System 1. Functions of the system 2. Brain and Cranial nerves 3. Spinal cord and Spinal nerves 4. Peripheral and Autonomic nervous system 5. Special senses 6. Disorders associated with the system 1. Different forms of stimuli 2. Reflexes in man Use of illustrated materials/ prepared acetates Case analysis Film viewing 3 weeks Short and long quizzes Reporting (graded with Reflection paper (graded with 1. distinguish the layers of the skin. 2. discuss the importance of regulating temperature. 3. relate the effects of environmental hazards to the integrity of the skin. 4. make a table of common skin disorders and its treatment Unit 4 - Integumentary System 1. Skin Structure and Function 2. Thermoregulation in animals a. heat exchange interaction between animals and the environment b. mechanism of heat production 3. Skin Disorders and Treatment 1. Human Secretions Lecture demonstration Analysis of the diff. integument of selected organisms Reporting of different diseases of the skin Film viewing 1 week Presentation of Reports (Graded with Rubrics) Page 3 of 8
1. describe the mechanism of Unit 5 - Skeletal System 1. Organization and Functions 2. Bone formation Role-playing Symposia on relevant and current issues 2 weeks Reporting Participation on cartilage growth, bone a. Intramembranous given activities formation, bone remodeling and repair. 2. explain how the cellular and extracellular components of cartilage or bone contribute to the structure and function of these tissues. 3. make a table of classification of the different joints in the body b. Endochondral 3. Type of Joints 3. Bone Disorders and First Aid Treatment (Graded with 1. explainthe functional difference between the three types of muscles. 2. describe the components of skeletal muscle and understand their function 3. show confidence in manipulation of kymograph and apply the muscle nerve preparation. 4. interpret the readings made by the kymograph on its effect to a muscle. Unit 6 - Muscular System 1. Structure of Skeletal Muscle 2. Physiology of Contraction a. All or None Law b. Sliding Filament theory c. Muscle Fatigue 3. Complete/Incomplete tetanus 4. Representative disorders 1. The Simple Muscle Contraction 2. Isotonic and Isometric Contraction 3. Tetanus 4. The Tracings of a Fatigue Curve Film / Video viewing Lecture demo Prepared slides/ acetates 2 weeks Individual reporting Reflection Journal Graded with Page 4 of 9
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT OUTLINE TEACHING STRATEGIES Unit 7 - Respiratory System Reading on relevant topics 1. Organization and Functions Concept mapping 1. recognize and describe the 2. Physiology of Respiration Module structural elements of the 3. Nervous Regulation of Respiration conducting and respiratory 4. Common Respiratory diseases portions of the system. 2. trace the blood flow through the lungs including the bronchial and pulmonary paths. TIME 1 week Concept map (Graded with 1. distinguish and describe the 3 layers of the wall of the heart. 2. recognize the layers of the blood vessel and the nature and organization of their components. 3. explain the structural changes occurring in the layers of the blood vessels as blood passes thru it. 4. demonstrate the correct technique of blood extraction. Unit 8 - Circulatory system 1. Parts and Functions of the System a. Blood b. Blood vessels c. Heart 2. Physiology of Circulation 3. Nervous Regulation of the heart and blood vessel 1. The Effects of Temperature on Cardiac Contractions using the frog s heart 2. The Study of the Heart Sounds in Man 3 The Pulse Rate in Man 4. The Relation of the Heart Sounds with the Pulse 5. Blood Pressure in Man 6. Blood Counting 7. Blood Typing Film viewing Cooperative learning Demonstration on blood extraction 3 weeks Long quiz Reflection journal (graded with Skills on: 1. Getting Blood Pressure 2. Blood extraction (Graded with
Page 5 of 9 1. explain the digestion and absorption process occurring to the different types of food as it passes through the alimentary tract. 2. perform the test for saliva efficiently and relate its significance. 3. make a concept map of how food is metabolized in the body. Unit 9 - Digestive System 1. Structure and Functions 2. Physiology of Digestion 3. Disorders Associated with the System Prepared acetates Role-playing Class discussion Concept mapping on how food is metabolized 1 week Individual reporting (graded with Submitted concept map (graded with 1. illustrate the structure of the renal corpuscle and its component. 2. recognize and describe the various segments of the nephron by its structural function. 3. trace the circulation of blood through the kidney. 4. perform the different chemical tests in urine and relate its significance. Unit 10 - Excretory System 1. Physiologic Anatomy of the Kidney 2 Urine formation 3 Common Diseases of the System 1. Urine Analysis Reading on relevant topics Concept mapping Class discussion 1 week Assignments Reflection journal(graded with
Unit 11 - Reproductive system Concept mapping 1. Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis Prepared acetates 1. explain the process of 2. Female and Male Reproductive Lecture spermatogenesis and oogenesis Organs by making a concrete outline. 3. Menstrual Cycle Film viewing 2. compare and contrast the structure and function of the male and female reproductive organs. 1. understand the principle governing hormone synthesis and secretion into the circulatory system and its regulation by the pituitary 3. make a table of the different endocrine glands and the functions of the hormones secreted by each Unit 12 - Endocrine System 1. Glands and Its Secretion 2. Functions of Hormones 3. Abnormalities of the System Film viewing Case analysis Lecture Prepared acetates Page 6 of 9 1 week Individual reporting Reflection journal (graded with 2 weeks Reflection journal (graded with Case presentation
should be able: 1. appreciate the body s defense mechanism against diseases 2. uphold the body to prevent infectious diseases 3. make a table of classification of the body s defense mechanisms and immune responses. Unit 13. Lymphatic System and Immunity 1. Lymphatic Organs 2. Immunity 2.1 Innate 2.2 Adaptive 2.2.1 Active 2.2.2 Passive Film Viewing Lecture discussion Module 1 week Reflection journal (graded with Page 7 of 9 Cooperative learning Reporting 1. outline the pathway of nutrients in Lecture discussion plants. Power point presentation 2. illustrate the structure of a stem and its components. Unit 14 - Internal transports in Plants 1. Organisms Without Special Transport System 2. Vascular Plants: Structure of Stems, the Ascent of Sap, Translocation of Solutes 1. Lateral Water Movements 2. Transpiration 3. Guttation 1 week Presentation of the reports
1. list down and describe the different types of plant hormones. 2. identify and explain the effects of hormones to the growth of a plant. Unit 15 - Chemical Control in Plants 1. Plant Hormones 2. Control of Flowering 1. Effects of Light on Stem and Leaves 2. Effects of Gravity on Stem and Leaves Prepared acetates Lecture discussion 1 week Page 8 of 9
REFERENCES: Fox, Stuart Fundamentals of Human Physiology, McGraw Hill, 2009 Hill, Richard; Animal Physiology, Sinauer Associates Inc., 3 rd Ed, 2012 Hopkins, William G. Introduction to Plant Physiology. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley, 2009. Koeppen, Bruce & B. Stanton; Berne & Levy Physiology 6 th Ed, CV Mosby Co., 2010 Meyer, Bernard; Plant Physiology: A Textbook for Colleges & Universities, Literary Licensing LLC, 2012 Miller, Edwin C. Plant Physiology: with reference to the green plant. 2 nd ed. New Delhi: Biotech Books, c. 2005 Scott, Peter; Physiology and Behaviour of Plants, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2008 Sherwood, Lauralee; Human Physiology: From Cells to System, 8 th Ed, Brooks/Cole USA, 2013 Sherwood, Lauralee; Fundamentals of Human Physiology, 4 th Ed, Brooks/Cole USA, 2013 Simon, Eric; Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, 4 th Ed, Pearson, 2013 Taiz, Lincoln; Plant Physiology, Sinauer Associates Inc., 5 th Ed, 2010 Prepared by: Approved by: Dr. Eufrecina Jean R. Ramirez Dr. Zenaida D.R. Los Baños Chair, Faculty Committee on Preparation/Review of Syllabus Head, Biological Sciences Department (General Physiology) April 30, 2015 Biological Sciences Department Page 9 of 9