Physical Science A study of chemistry and physics -Classifying Matter
Classifying Matter Inquiry Cubes Classifying assorted objects
Classification of Matter Matter Specific to General Pure Substance Homogenous Homogenous Mixture Heterogeneous Heterogeneous Mixture Element Compound Solution Colloid Mixture Order to Disorder
Pure Substances Elements- a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance by physical or chemical means. Can be found on the periodic table. Fe, H, O, N Compounds-pure substance composed of two or more elements that are chemically combined. Have their own formula H 2 O, CO 2, NaCl
Compounds Formed when 2 or more elements join together-must react or go through a chemical change. (Compound is the new substance that is formed) Elements in a compound join together in a specific ratio. Every compound has a unique set of properties that are different from the elements that formed it. Compound can be broken down into simpler substance through a chemical change. Compounds CANNOT be broken down by physical change.
Mixtures Substances in a mixture retain their identity because no chemical change has occurred. Mixtures can be separated physically. Distillation Magnet Heat/evaporation Centrifuge Filtration Components in a mixture do not have a definite ratio.
Mixture vs. Compounds Made of elements, compounds or both Keep original properties Separated by physical means Formed using any ratio of components Made of elements Loses original properties Separated by chemical means Definite ratio of components
Types of Mixtures Solutions Suspensions Colloids
Solutions Appears to be a single substance by is composed of 2 or more substances that are distributed evenly amongst each other. Example: salt water Solute-substance that is dissolved (salt) Solvent-substance that does the dissolving (water) Water is the UNIVERSAL SOLVENT!
Mixtures: Solutions Solute Solvent (water is the universal solvent) Sample solutions Gas in gas: dry air (oxygen in nitrogen) Gas in liquid: soft drinks (carbon dioxide in water) Liquid in liquid: antifreeze (alcohol in water) Solid in liquid: brass (zinc in copper) Concentration Solubility Heat Mixing crushing
Solutions Soluble-able to be dissolved Insoluble-unable to be dissolved Solutions can be liquids, solids or gases Gas in gas- dry air (O 2 in N 2 ) Gas in liquid-soft drinks (CO 2 in water) Liquid in liquid-antifreeze (alcohol in water) Solid in liquid-salt water (salt in water) Solid in solid-brass (zinc in copper)
Solutions Particles in a solution are so small that they don t settle and cannot be filtered. Soluability Affected by temperature, mixing and crushing
Mixtures: Solutions A Tasty Change/Jolly Rancher Lab By Gosh, by Golly, by Gum Lab Alka-Seltzer Lab
Suspensions Mixture in which particles are dispersed throughout a liquid or gas but are large enough that they can settle out. Particles are insoluable so they do not dissolve in a liquid or gas. Example: snow globe, salad dressing, muddy water
Mixtures: Suspensions Snow Globe Lab
Colloids Have properties of both solutions and suspensions Particles are dispersed throughout but are not heavy enough to settle. Cannot be separated by filtration Example: jelly, milk, mayonnaise, toothpaste, whipped cream
Mixtures: Colloids Jello Whipped Cream Mayonaise