ROOT 介绍. 王思广 北京大学物理学院. International Summary School on TeV Experimental Physics, Aug. 20, 2014

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ROOT 介绍 王思广 Email: siguang@pku.edu.cn 北京大学物理学院 International Summary School on TeV Experimental Physics, Aug. 20, 2014

报告内容 ROOT 自由软件网页利用 RooFit 进行重叠峰拟合 ROOT 部分功能展示 ROOT 的安装安装后的运行结束语 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 2

http://root.cern.ch/drupal/ ROOT 自由软件网页 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 3

ROOT 自由软件网页 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 4

ROOT 自由软件网页 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 5

Project Statistics http://root.cern.ch/drupal/content/project-statistics 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 6

利用 RooFit 进行重叠峰拟合 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 7

X 射线能峰形状 本征形状 : f(e) 1 E E 0 2 +0.25Γ 2 产生数据 探测效率曲线 过探测效率曲线 分辨 随能量变化 探测到的峰形 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 8

X 射线能峰形状 ( 产生 ) 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 9

产生并拟合的谱 1 X 2 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 10

拟合函数 (x,, ) (E ) E2 (x,, ) (E ) N G E E 1 1 1 1 N BW ( x, E, ) (x) G(x,0, ) 2 2 N G E E 3 3 3 3 说明 : 1) ---- 卷积功能 利用 FFTW ("Fastest Fourier Transform in the West." ) 2) 分辨是射线能量的函数 ; 对于 X 射线这里近似用峰位分辨. 3) 效率是能量的函数 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 11

实现代码 ( 读入能谱 ) 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 12

实现代码 ( 定义 X- 射线峰 ) 核心代码 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 13

实现代码 ( 定义 1 2 ;3 峰拟合 ) 核心代码 也可以用多 CPU 同时拟合 : RooFitResult *frlt = model.fitto(dh,save(),numcpu(2)); 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 14

实现代码 ( 作图 ) 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 15

较差分辨下能谱的拟合 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 16

更差分辨下能谱的拟合 自由浮动峰位 峰位固定 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 17

2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 18

分辨随能量变化拟合可以实现 分辨随能量的变化 : R = 3% E vis 55 个自由参数的拟合 ; 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 19

ROOT 部分功能展示 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 20

ROOT 自带的能谱分析类 TSpectrum 用 TSpectrum 进行寻峰和计算本底 $ROOTSYS/tutorials/spectrum $ root peaks.c 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 21

TSpectrum 类基本功能之本底估算 const char * Background(float* spectrum, Int_t ssize, Int_t numberiterations, Int_t direction, Int_t filterorder, bool smoothing, Int_t smoothwindow, bool compton) Parameters: spectrum: pointer to the vector of source spectrum ssize: length of the spectrum vector numberiterations: maximal width of clipping window, direction: direction of change of clipping window. Possible values: kbackincreasingwindow, kbackdecreasingwindow filterorder: order of clipping filter. Possible values: kbackorder2, kbackorder4, kbackorder6, kbackorder8 smoothing: logical variable whether the smoothing operation in the estimation of background will be included. Possible values: kfalse, ktrue smoothwindow: width of smoothing window. Possible values: kbacksmoothing3, kbacksmoothing5, kbacksmoothing7, kbacksmoothing9, kbacksmoothing11, kbacksmoothing13, kbacksmoothing15. compton: logical variable whether the estimation of Compton edge will be included. Possible values: kfalse, ktrue. http://root.cern.ch/root/html534/tspectrum.html#tspectrum:background 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 22

本底估算参考代码 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 23

TSpectrum 类基本功能之能谱光滑 const char* SmoothMarkov(float* source, Int_t ssize, Int_t averwindow) Parameters: source: pointer to the array of source spectrum ssize: length of source array averwindow: width of averaging smoothing window 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 24

能谱光滑参考代码 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 25

神经网络 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 26

利用 TMultiLayerPerceptron 内插曲面 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 27

利用 TMultiLayerPerceptron 内插曲面 剩下的是使用和画图 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 28

利用 TMultiLayerPerceptron 内插曲面 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 29

利用 TMultiLayerPerceptron 内插曲面 注 : 在 $ROOTSYS/tutorials/mlp$ root mlpregression.c 的基础上修改 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 30

利用 TMultiLayerPerceptron 内插曲面 可输出 C++ 类作为结果提供使用 testrlt.h testrlt.cxx 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 31

PhaseSpace $ROOTSYS/tutorials/physics/PhaseSpace.C 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 32

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/physics/PhaseSpace.C 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 33

2D 显示 $ROOTSYS/tutorials/spectrum$ root spectrumpainter.c 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 34

画 OpenGL 图 ROOT 替我们做了大量工作! 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 35

图形界面 $ROOTSYS/test/RootShower$./RootShower 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 36

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/fit/fitLinearRobust.C 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 37

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/fit/fitLinearRobust.C 数据准备 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 38

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/fit/fitLinearRobust.C 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 39

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/fit/fitLinearRobust.C 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 40

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/fit/fitMultiGraph.C 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 41

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/roofit/rf501_simultaneouspdf.C 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 42

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/roofit/rf501_simultaneouspdf.C 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 43

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/roofit/rf501_simultaneouspdf.C 共用 sigma 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 44

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/roofit/rf501_simultaneouspdf.C 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 45

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/roofit/rf501_simultaneouspdf.C 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 46

Highlight of non-parametric shapes - histograms Class RooHistPdf a p.d.f. described by a histogram datahist RooHistPdf(N=0) RooHistPdf(N=4) // Histogram based p.d.f with N-th order interpolation RooHistPdf ph("ph","ph",x,*datahist,n) ; Not so great at low statistics (especially problematic in >1 dim) 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 47

RooHistPdf $ROOTSYS/tutorials/roofit/rf706_histpdf.C 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 48

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/roofit/rf706_histpdf.C 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 49

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/roofit/rf706_histpdf.C 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 50

Highlight of non-parametric shapes kernel estimation Class RooKeysPdf A kernel estimation p.d.f. Uses unbinned data Idea represent each event of your MC sample as a Gaussian probability distribution Add probability distributions from all events in sample Sample of events Gaussian probability distributions for each event Summed probability distribution for all events in sample 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 51

Highlight of non-parametric shapes kernel estimation Width of Gaussian kernels need not be the same for all events As long as each event contributes 1/N to the integral Idea: Adaptive kernel technique Choose wide Gaussian if local density of events is low Choose narrow Gaussian if local density of events is high Preserves small features in high statistics areas, minimize jitter in low statistics areas Automatically calculated Static Kernel (with of all Gaussian identical) Adaptive Kernel (width of all Gaussian depends on local density of events) 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 52

Highlight of non-parametric shapes kernel estimation // Adaptive kernel estimation p.d.f RooKeysPdf k("k","k",x,*d,rookeyspdf::mirrorboth) ; Example with comparison to histogram based p.d.f Superior performance at low statistics Can mirror input data over boundaries to reduce edge leakage Works also in >1 dimensions (class RooNDKeysPdf) Data (N=500) RooHistPdf(data) RooKeysPdf(data) 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 53

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/roofit/rf707_kernelestimation.C 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 54

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/roofit/rf707_kernelestimation.C 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 55

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/roofit/rf707_kernelestimation.C. 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 56

TSpline 0.46 0.994 0.48 0.985 0.51 0.993 0.53 0.993 0.56 0.99 0.58 0.995 0.61 0.981 0.63 0.969 0.65 2014/8/200.96 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 57

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/tree/tree0.C 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 58

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/tree/tree0.C 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 59

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/tree/tree0.C 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 60

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/tree/tree0.C 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 61

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/tree/tree1.C 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 62

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/tree/tree1.C 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 63

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/tree/tree2.C 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 64

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/tree/tree2.C 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 65

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/tree/tree2.C 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 66

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/tree/tree2.C 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 67

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/tree/tree2.C 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 68

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/tree/tree2.C 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 69

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/tree/tree2.C 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 70

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/tree/tree2.C 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 71

ROOT 的安装 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 72

ROOT 的安装 快速安装 : 在联网的状态下, 在 Ubuntu Debian 操作系统下执行 apt-get install root-system 即可 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 73

编译源代码安装 从 root.cern.ch 获取源代码后, 执行如下代码解压缩 tar zxvf root root_v5.34.18.source.tar.gz 执行结果是在当前目录下产生一 root 子目录, 然后顺序执行如下 : 注 : 不同环境已经安装的包不同, 在运行 cmake 时, 如果缺 XXX 库什么系统会提醒, 用 apt-cache search XXX 查找, 用 apt-get install XXX 安装 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 74

编译源代码安装 ( 更省事的安装 ) export FFTW_DIR=/scratch/other/wangsg/root64/fftw mkdir tmprootcompile cd tmprootcompile cmake../root -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX =/home/wsg/work/root/534 -Dall=on -Dfailon-missing=OFF make -j40 make install 其中 :../root 指向 root 解压缩后的代码目录 -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX =/home/wsg/work/root/534 指向安装目录 -Dall=on 打开所有选项 -Dfail-on-missing=OFF 如果没有找到需要的外挂库, 继续执行其余安装 make j40 用 40 个核同时编译 make install 进行安装 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 75

检查运行环境 : echo $0 设置环境 如果返回 bash wsg@debian:~$ cd wsg@debian:~$ emacs.bashrc & 在文件中加入 : export ROOTSYS=/home/wsg/work/root/534 export PATH=$ROOTSYS/bin:$PATH export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ROOTSYS/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH 如果返回 -tcsh wsg@debian:~$ cd wsg@debian:~$ emacs.tcshrc & 在文件中加入 : setenv ROOTSYS /home/wsg/work/root/534 setenv PATH $ROOTSYS/bin:$PATH setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH $ROOTSYS/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH 重新开窗口即可输入 root 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 76

安装后的运行 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 77

$ROOTSYS/tutorials/ 在 $ROOTSYS/tutorials/ 下有很多例子程序, 运行方法为 : $cd $ROOTSYS/tutorials/roofit $root rf208_convolution.c 看能否出现左图 如果能, 说明你的 root roofit 软件包 fftw 软件安装成功 如果不能 或许系统差异大 直接安装虚拟机好了 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 78

编译运行 红色为您输入的文字 wsg@debian:~/work/root/534/tutorials/roofit$ root root [0].L rf208_convolution.c++ Info in <TUnixSystem::ACLiC>: creating shared library /home/wsg/work/root/534/tutorials/roofit/./rf208_convolution_c.so RooFit v3.60 -- Developed by Wouter Verkerke and David Kirkby Copyright (C) 2000-2013 NIKHEF, University of California & Stanford University All rights reserved, please read http://roofit.sourceforge.net/license.txt root [1] rf208_convolution() 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 79

编译运行头文件要包含 rf208_convolution.c 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 80

rf208_convolution.c 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 81

rf208_convolution.c 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 82

可以把 ROOT 作为普通库函数进行连接 runtest.c FindROOT.cmake ( http://root.cern.ch/drupal/sites /default/files/event.tgz ) 直接放在主目录下 参照 CMakeLists.txt 建立自己的文件 Include 目录放头文件 (Tools.hh) Src 目录放.cc 文件 (Tools.cc) 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 83

CMakeLists.txt 可以把 ROOT 作为普通库函数进行连接 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 84

可以把 ROOT 作为普通库函数进行连接 编译及运行 >cmake../guiruncode/ >make >./runtest root[0].q 注 : 后者为 CmakeLists.txt 所在的目录注 : 生成可执行程序 runtest 注 : 运行注 :.q 退出 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 85

结束语 今天仅仅汇报了我所了解的 ROOT 部分功能, 希望能对您有一些可取之处 谢谢! 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 86

附 : 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 87

Tools.cc 的部分函数 2014/8/20 Siguang@pku.edu.cn 88