HIGLEY UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT INSTRUCTIONAL ALIGNMENT Earth and Space Science Quarter 1 Earth and Space Science (Duration 1 Week) Big Idea: Essential Questions: 1. Describe how matter is classified by state of matter and by composition 2. Describe the subatomic particles of an atom 3. Explain the structure of the periodic table 1. What is matter? 2. What are the properties of matter? 3. What are the different subatomic particles of an atom? 4. How do electrons affect bonding? 5. What rules govern the periodic table? 6. What are the different states of matter? See list below 5 1 1 5 1 2 5 1 3 5 1 4 Describe substances based on their physical properties. Describe substances based on their chemical properties. Predict properties of elements and compounds using trends of the periodic table (e.g., metals, non-metals, bonding ionic/covalent). Separate mixtures of substances based on their physical properties., &, &, &, & Page 1 of 2
5 1 5 5 1 6 5 1 7 5 1 8 Bold = Priority vocabulary Regular = Supporting vocabulary that supports the priority standard Italics = Supporting vocabulary that should be taught if time permits, but will not be tested on Describe the properties of electric charge and the conservation of electric charge. Describe the following features and components of the atom: protons neutrons electrons mass number and type of particles structure organization Describe the historical development of models of the atom. Explain the details of atomic structure (e.g., electron configuration, energy levels, isotopes). 1. Matter 2. Atom 3. Element 4. Nucleus 5. Proton 6. Neutron 7. Electron 8. Periodic table 9. Atomic number 10. Mass number 11. Isotopes 12. Radioactive isotopes 13. Compound 14. Chemical formula 15. Chemical bond 16. Covalent bond 17. Molecule 18. Polar molecules 19. Ionic bond 20. Metallic bond 21. Chemical reaction 22. Mixture 23. Solution 24. Acid 25. Base 26. ph 27. States of matter 28. Solid 29. Liquid 30. Gas 31. Changes of state (H2O) 32. Evaporation 33. Condensation 34. Sublimation, &, &, &, & Page 2 of 2
HIGLEY UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT INSTRUCTIONAL ALIGNMENT Earth and Space Science Quarter 1 Minerals (Duration 2 Weeks) Big Idea: Essential Questions: 1. Compare and contrast atomic and mineral structure 2. Explain the interrelationship between minerals and the periodic table 3. Explain the importance of minerals to society 4. Identify minerals using the following: hardness, luster, streak, texture, fracture versus cleavage, specific gravity 5. Compare and contrast rocks and minerals 6. Explain the history of mining copper in Arizona 1. What are the subatomic particles that comprise an atom? 2. What factors determine the structure of the periodic table? 3. Why are many minerals also found as elements on the periodic table? 4. Why are minerals important to society? 5. What are the four characteristics of a mineral? 6. What factors cause a mineral to be classified different from a rock? 7. How can you determine the identity of a mineral by its properties? 8. How can you determine the density of a mineral? 9. How can you determine the hardness of one mineral compared to another? 10. How did the mining of copper influence the development of Arizona, both positively and negatively? See list below 6 1 7 Explain how the geochemical processes are responsible for the concentration of economically valuable minerals and ores in Arizona and worldwide., & Page 1 of 2
3 2 1 3 2 4 Bold = Priority vocabulary Regular = Supporting vocabulary that supports the priority standard Italics = Supporting vocabulary that should be taught if time permits, but will not be tested on Analyze the costs, benefits, and risks of various ways of dealing with the following needs or problems: abandoned mines Analyze the use of renewable and nonrenewable resources in Arizona: minerals 1. Mineral 2. Matter 3. Atom 4. Element 5. Nucleus 6. Proton 7. Neutron 8. Electron 9. Periodic table 10. Atomic number 11. Mass number 12. Inorganic 13. Crystalline structure 14. Composition 15. Compound 16. Chemical formula 17. Rock 18. Streak 19. Luster 20. Cleavage 21. Fracture 22. Texture 23. Density 24. Specific gravity 25. Hardness 26. Moh s hardness scale 27. Silicates 28. Oxides 29. Carbonates 30. Ores 31. Mines 32. Gems 33. Trace elements, &, & Page 2 of 2
HIGLEY UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT INSTRUCTIONAL ALIGNMENT Earth and Space Science Quarter 1 Rock Cycle - Weathering and Erosion (Duration 3 Weeks) Big Idea: Essential Questions: 1. Diagram, and explain, the rock cycle 2. Determine the identity of a rock, based on its properties, from a rock classification table 3. Explain how igneous rocks are formed 4. Explain how sedimentary rocks are formed 5. Compare and contrast weathering and erosion 6. Explain how the effect of mining on Earth s surface has impacted erosion 7. Explain how metamorphic rocks are formed 1. What role does pressure play in the rock cycle? 2. What role does crystallization play in the rock cycle? 3. What role does compaction play in the rock cycle? 4. How does chemistry influence the types of rocks that are formed? 5. What role does weathering play in the rock cycle? 6. How does the process of erosion affect Earth s structure? 7. How does chemical weathering contribute to erosion? 8. How does the process of deposition affect Earth s structure? 9. How does chemical weathering contribute to erosion? 10. How did the mining of copper in Arizona contribute to increased weathering and erosion? See list below 6 1 1 Identify ways materials are cycled within the Earth system (i.e., carbon cycle, water cycle, rock cycle)., & Page 1 of 3
6 1 2 6 1 2 6 1 3 6 1 7 Bold = Priority vocabulary Regular = Supporting vocabulary that supports the priority standard Italics = Supporting vocabulary that should be taught if time permits, but will not be tested on Demonstrate how dynamic processes such as weathering, erosion, sedimentation, metamorphism, and orogenesis relate to redistribution of materials within the Earth system. Demonstrate how dynamic processes such as weathering, erosion, sedimentation, metamorphism, and orogenesis relate to redistribution of materials within the Earth system. Explain how the rock cycle is related to plate tectonics. Explain how the geochemical processes are responsible for the concentration of economically valuable minerals and ores in Arizona and worldwide. 1. Rock cycle 2. Igneous rock 3. Magma 4. Lava 5. Crystallization 6. Extrusive igneous rock 7. Intrusive igneous rock 8. Partial melting 9. Bowen s reaction series 10. Fractional crystallization 11. Basaltic rocks 12. Granitic rocks 13. Texture 14. Crystals 15. Porphyritic texture 16. Vesicular texture 17. Weathering 18. Mechanical weathering 19. Temperature 20. Frost wedging 23. Chemical weathering 24. Chemical reactions 25. Water 26. Oxidation 27. Carbon dioxide 28. Acid precipitation 29. Erosion 30. Rill erosion 31. Gully erosion 32. Glacial erosion 33. Wind erosion 34. Soil 35. Residual soil 36. Transported soil 37. Soil profile 38. Soil horizon 39. Deposition 40. Sedimentary rock 41. Sediment 42. Cementation 45. Bedding 46. Graded bedding 47. Cross-bedding 48. Ripple marks 49. Sand 50. Mud 51. Clastic 52. Coarse-grained rock 53. Medium-grained rock 54. Porosity 55. Fine-grained rock 56. Evaporates 57. Metamorphic rock 58. Metamorphism 59. Recrystallization 60. Foliation 61. Foliated rock 62. Non-foliated rock 63. Regional metamorphism 64. Contact metamorphism, &, &, &, & Page 2 of 3
21. Pressure 22. Exfoliation 43. Compaction 44. Lithification 65. Hydrothermal metamorphism Page 3 of 3
HIGLEY UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT INSTRUCTIONAL ALIGNMENT Earth and Space Science Quarter 1 Biogeology (Duration 3 Weeks) Big Idea: Essential Questions: 1. Explain the evolution of Earth s atmosphere 2. Explain how life most likely evolved on Earth 3. Diagram, and explain, the carbon cycle 4. Diagram, and explain, the nitrogen cycle 5. Explain how biofuels are made, and describe the impact that they can potentially have on the environment 6. Compare and contrast biofuels and fossil fuels 1. What are the three different compositions of Earth s atmosphere throughout history? 2. What was the original composition of Earth s atmosphere? 3. How did the materials of the Earth contribute to the origin of life? 4. What were the earliest life forms, and how did they influence the composition of Earth s atmosphere? 5. What are the different strategies used by scientists to study the Earth s ancient climate? 6. How did early life forms, and current life forms, contribute to the different biogeochemical cycles? 7. What is the carbon cycle, and what is the influence of humans on it? 8. What is the nitrogen cycle, and what is the influence of humans on it? 9. What is a biofuel? 10. How can biofuels potentially influence human lives? See list below 6 1 1 Identify ways materials are cycled within the Earth system (i.e., carbon cycle, water cycle, rock cycle)., & Page 1 of 3
6 3 6 6 3 7 4 5 3 1 3 5 3 2 1 Bold = Priority vocabulary Regular = Supporting vocabulary that supports the priority standard Italics = Supporting vocabulary that should be taught if time permits, but will not be tested on Investigate scientific theories of how life originated on Earth (high temperature, low oxygen, clay catalyst model). Describe how life on Earth has influenced the evolution of the Earth s systems. Diagram the following biogeochemical cycles in an ecosystem: water carbon nitrogen Design models (conceptual or physical) of the following to represent "real world" scenarios: carbon cycle Analyze the costs, benefits, and risks of various ways of dealing with the following needs or problems: various forms of alternative energy 1. Outgassing 2. Carbon dioxide 3. Volcanoes 4. Atmospheric oxygen 5. Cyanobacteria 6. Photosynthesis 7. Oxygen 8. Stromatolites 9. Banded-iron formations 10. Iron oxide 11. Red beds 12. Carbon cycle 13. Carbon dioxide (CO2) 14. Photosynthesis 15. Respiration 16. Decomposition 18. Uptake by humans 19. Constant exchange 20. Phytoplankton 21. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) 22. Marine sediments 23. Deposition 24. Subduction 25. Melting 26. Volcanic activity 27. Nitrogen cycle 28. Nitrogen (N2) 29. Nitrogen fixing bacteria 30. Nitrogen fixation 31. Nitrate (NO3) 32. Uptake by plant roots 33. Decomposers 35. Ammonia (NH3) 36. Nitrification 37. Denitrifying bacteria 38. Denitrification 39. Fertilizer 40. Runoff 41. Fossil fuels 42. Coal 43. Petroleum 44. Natural gas 45. Oil shale 46. Hydrocarbon 47. Biofuels 48. Ethanol 49. Biodiesel 50. Hydrogen fuel, &, &, &, &, & Page 2 of 3
17. Biomass 34. Ammonification Page 3 of 3