NOTES Name: Date: Class: Lesson 13: The Periodic Table Organization of the Periodic Table: Elements on the Periodic table are ordered by. There are three main classes of elements:. Periodic law: Rows on the periodic table ( ) correspond to the number of present in an atom. Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells or energy levels. Columns on the periodic table ( or ) correspond to the number of a neutral atom has. Elements in a group/family have similar and. Some families have names. chemistrywithdrjames.com 1
Practice: Identify the Element 1. In group 2A and period 2 2. In group 4A and period 5 3. In period 5 and group 16 4. 6 electron shells and in group 1A 5. 6 valence electrons and 2 energy levels 6. 2 valence electrons and 6 electron shells 7. In group 8A and period 5 FAMILIES OF THE PERIODIC TABLE: Group 1A: (Lithium to Francium) valence electron at room temperature (can be cut with a butter knife) with water is not considered as an Alkali metal because it behaves differently; is a special case Group 2A: (Beryllium to Radium) valence electrons at room temperature but not as much as alkali metals chemistrywithdrjames.com 2
Group 7A: (Fluorine to Iodine) valence electrons at room temperature group on the periodic table Never found alone as single atoms in nature is not counted because on the planet at any given time and we have been unable to. Group 8A: (Helium to Radon) valence electrons Extremely Produce if an electrical current is applied gases Middle Groups: valence electrons Tend to be,, and have high. o Exception: chemistrywithdrjames.com 3
Top Row on the Bottom: Not a true group (part of transition metals) Used mainly in. Bottom Row on the Bottom: Not a true group (part of transition metals) Many are (man-made) Box 1: Elements that Exist as Diatomic Molecules Hydrogen H 2 colorless gas Fluorine* F 2 pale yellow gas Oxygen O 2 colorless gas Chlorine* Cl 2 yellow-green gas Nitrogen N 2 colorless gas Bromine* Br 2 reddish brown liquid Iodine* I 2 bluish-black solid * = very reactive PRACTICE: Families of the Periodic Table 1. Family of soft metals that are very reactive with water: 2. Family including Cadmium, Tungsten, and Iridium: 3. Family of metals that are reactive but not as much as Alkali metals: 4. Most stable / unreactive family: 5. Elements in this family are various states at room temperature (2 elements are gases, 1 element is liquid, and 1 element is solid): 6. Family including Lutetium and Samarium: 7. Family including Uranium, Thorium, Mendelevium: 8. Family including Manganese, Chromium, and Scandium: 9. Family that is part of the Rare Earth Metals and used in manufacturing and magnets: 10. Family of colorless, odorless gases: 11. Family whose elements are never found alone in nature: chemistrywithdrjames.com 4
PRACTICE: Periodic Table Periods & Families 1. Which element is an Alkali metal and in period 2? 2. Which element is an Alkaline Earth Metal with only 3 electron shells? 3. Which element is a Noble Gas with only 6 electron shells? 4. Which element is a Halogen with only 2 electron shells? 5. Which element is in the same group as Oxygen and only has 5 electron shells? 6. Which element is in the same group as Boron and only has 4 electron shells? 7. Which element is a Transition Metal and liquid at room temperature? 8. Which element is a Noble Gas with only 2 valence electrons? 9. How many valence electrons do each of the Halogens have? Bohr Model of the atom: Electrons travel in groups called. What is considered a full shell? 1 st shell = 2 nd -7 th shell = You can determine how many shells a neutral atom has by finding its. Atoms gain or lose electrons to get a. chemistrywithdrjames.com 5
Element Name Carbon # of protons 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Group # and Name (if applicable) # of electron shells # of valence electrons Will the atom gain or lose electrons to become stable? 4A 2 4 It could gain or lose 4 electrons Draw the ion each atom will form: Use nuclear notation to name ion: C 4+ chemistrywithdrjames.com 6
Changing Atomic Models: Ernest Rutherford and the Gold Foil Experiment: Analyzing Isotopes: chemistrywithdrjames.com 7
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