BIO Quiz Game & Midterm Review Rules: Work in groups of 3-4 Put all group members names at top of your paper When asked a question, talk amongst your group, but quietly! You don t want other groups to hear your answer You ll have 1 minute to decide on an answer and write it down When the first round of questions are done, exchange papers with a nearby group and grade each others papers You may NOT use notes or textbooks! Bonus points awarded based on number of rounds your group wins! Round 1 Mitosis & Meiosis Inheritance (10 questions) 1) In pea plants, purple flowers are dominant to white flowers, and yellow seeds are dominant to green seeds. If a PpYy plant was crossed with a ppyy plant, what percentage of the offspring would have white flowers and green seeds? 2) cells have two copies of every chromosome. (haploid or diploid) 3) For this problem, assume incomplete dominance. If a red snapdragon (RR) is crossed with a white snapdragon (rr), the offspring produced will all be pink. If you crossed the pink snapdragons with each other, what percentage of their offspring would be red? 4) If a diploid cell divides and produces two cells that are diploid and genetically identical, it has divided by what process? 1
5) During which stage of the cell cycle is DNA replicated? 6) During which stage of Mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell? 7) During which stage of Meiosis does crossing over occur? 8) During which stage of Meiosis are the sister chromatids separated, resulting in single-stranded chromosomes? 9) Which type of mutation occurs when chromatids fail to separate during meiosis, resulting in either too many or too few copies of a chromosome in the resulting offspring? 10. Consider the X-linked gene for hemophilia, which is recessive. If Mom has hemophilia, and Dad doesn t have hemophilia, what are the chances that their male child will have hemophilia? 2
1. 25% 2. diploid 3. 25% 4. Mitosis 5. Interphase 6. Metaphase 7. Prophase 1 8. Anaphase 2 9. Nondisjunction 10. 100% Answers: Round 2 DNA,Transcription, Translation, and Gene Regulation (10 questions) 1) RNA is similar to DNA, but RNA is single stranded, and it has a different base from DNA. What is the base that is found in RNA, but not in DNA? 2) The process of making mrna from DNA is called. 3) The process of making protein using the information on RNA takes place on what organelle? 4) What is the name of the translator molecule that decodes codons into amino acids? 3
5) How many nucleotides (bases) are in a codon? 6) Name the scientist who discovered that the amount of Adenine was equal to the amount of Thymine, and the amount of Guanine was equal to the amount of Cytosine, in a species DNA. 7) Transcribe this DNA strand into an mrna molecule: TAACGT 8) During initiation of transcription, an RNA polymerase enzyme binds to what region of the DNA molecule? 9) A group of genes in a bacterium that all serve a related function and that can be turned on or off at the same time is called a/an 10) Which gene regulatory mechanism is responsible for tortoiseshell coloration in female cats? transcriptional factors binding to promoters and enhancers; repressor proteins binding to silencers; DNA packing; regulation of translation 4
Answers 1. Uracil (half credit for U ) 2. Transcription 3. Ribosome 4. trna (transfer-rna) 5. 3 6. Erwin Chargaff 7. AUUGCA 8. Promoter 9. Operon 10. DNA packing Round 3 Genetics & Evolution (9 questions) 1) What type of enzyme is used to cut DNA into pieces for genetic engineering or DNA fingerprinting? 2) To make recombinant DNA molecules, small, circular pieces of bacterial DNA are often used. What are these circular pieces of DNA called? 3) Use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to solve this problem: Consider a population of wildflowers, where the red flower allele is dominant to the white flower allele. If the frequency of the red allele is 0.8, what is the frequency of plants with white flowers in the population? 4) Another Hardy-Weinberg problem Consider a population of salamanders, where have a red stripe is the dominant form (R), and not having the stripe is recessive (r). If 36% of salamanders lack the stripe, what is the frequency of the recessive allele? 5
5) Which mechanism of evolution best explains the long tail feathers of a peacock: natural selection, genetic drift, sexual selection, or gene flow? 6) Which mechanism of evolution best explains the loss of an allele for disease resistance in a small population of cheetahs: natural selection, genetic drift, sexual selection, or gene flow? 7) Whose writings about human populations growing exponentially and out-stripping their food resources influenced Charles Darwin? 8) In many animal species, males and females look and behave differently. Which sex (male or female) is usually the choosy sex? 9) Which scientist designed the famous swan-neck flask to disprove the hypothesis of spontaneous generation? Answers 1. Restriction enzymes 2. plasmids 3. 0.04 (or 4%) 4. 0.6 (or 60%) 5. Sexual selection 6. Genetic drift 7. Thomas Malthus (or just Malthus) 8. Females 9. Louis Pasteur 6
Round 4 1) The first life forms on this planet (bacteria) evolved how long ago? Prokaryotes & Protists (9 questions) 2) Prokaryotes with a rod-shape are referred to as what? 3) Organic molecules, and eventually simple cells, were able to spontaneously form on the early earth because was not present in significant amounts in the atmosphere. 4) What is the name of the theory that explains the evolution of complex organelles (mitochondria and chloroplasts) within early eukaryotes? 5) Are ciliates: algae, protozoans, or slime molds? 7
6) Which type of algae includes the species that causes red tides? (diatoms, green algae, dinoflagellates, or euglena) 7) Which type of algae is classified by the sculpturing and shape of their silica shells? (diatoms, green algae, dinoflagellates, or euglena) 8) Which type of protist lacks flagella and cilia, and moves by temporary extensions of the cell called pseudopodia? (amoeba, ciliates, apicomplexans, euglena) 9) What type of algae gave rise to true land plants? (diatoms, dinoflagellates, green algae, or sea weed) Answers: 1. 3.5 billion years ago 2. Bacillus 3. Oxygen 4. Endosymbiont Theory 5. Protozoans 6. Dinoflagellates 7. Diatoms 8. Amoeba 9. Green algae Study Study Study! If you have any questions, e-mail me or stop by my Office during Office Hours I will be posting a copy of this review on Carmen to help you study 8
A Little Inspiration Our greatest weakness lies in giving up. The most certain way to succeed is always to try just one more time. Thomas Edison Don t say you don t have enough time. You have exactly the same number of hours per day that were given to Helen Keller, Pasteur, Michelangelo, Mother Teresa, Leonardo da Vinci, Thomas Jefferson, and Albert Einstein. H. Jackson Brown Jr. 9