Scientific Literacy/ Nature of (embedded throughout course) Scientific Inquiry is the process by which humans systematically examine the natural world. Scientific inquiry is a human endeavor and involves observation, reasoning, insight, energy, skill, and creativity. Scientific inquiry is used to formulate and test explanations of nature through observation, experiments and theoretical or mathematical models. Scientific explanations and evidence are constantly reviewed and examined by others. Questioning, response to criticism and open communication are integral to the process of science. 1. Why is it important to be scientifically literate? 2. Why is it important to be able to analyze data and draw conclusions? Students will be able to answer questions about data and produce charts, illustrations and/or graphs from data. Students will be able to record an investigation which includes a purpose, results, and analysis Students will be able to perform a scientific investigation Purpose Hypothesis Results Analysis Data table Graph Scientific Literacy Competency Lab investigations Scientific Literacy Competency Douglas County School District Page 1 DRAFT April 2010
Motion/ Newton s Laws (Ch. 2 & 3) science P.12.B.1 P.12.B.4 Interaction between Motion and Forces Force and Motion The laws of motion are used to describe the effects of forces on the movement of objects. What are speed, velocity and acceleration? What are Newton s 3 laws of Motion? Students will: Explain the difference between speed, velocity and acceleration. Calculate, graph, and interpret graphs for speed, velocity and acceleration. Explain inertia/newton s First Law and how it relates to everyday life. Motion Distance Velocity Speed Acceleration Force Inertia Newton s 1 st Law Newton s 2 nd Law Newton s 3 rd Law Friction Air Resistance Gravity Golf Ball/Ramp Lab (calculate speed) Cheetah/Snake Running Lab (calculate speed/ acceleration) Elephant/Mouse Lab (dropping softball, tennis ball, flat paper, crumpled paper) Newton s 1 st Law Lab (pennies, clothespin) See Describe how Newton s 2 nd law explains how forces cause a change in motion. (F=ma) Explain how friction affects the motion of an object. Spring Scale Lab Marble Momentum Lab Newton s 3 rd Law (balloon racers, rockets) Douglas County School District Page 2 DRAFT April 2010
Recognize how mass and distance affect gravitational pull. Discriminate between mass and weight. In your own words, explain Newton s 3 rd law. Douglas County School District Page 3 DRAFT April 2010
Energy (Ch. 4) P.12.B.4 P.12.C.2 P.12.C.3 P.12.C.6 All events involve the transfer of energy in one form or another. Energy The total energy of the universe is constant. All events involve the transfer of energy in one form or another. In all energy transfers, the overall effect is that energy is spread out uniformly. Why is energy never lost or gained? (conservation of energy/conversion of energy) Can I calculate a moving and a still object s energy? (KE & GPE) Diagram energy form transfers. Describe the law of conservation of energy. Identify the components of GPE (mass and height) and KE (mass and velocity). Gravity Energy Forms Gravitational Potential Energy Kinetic Energy Law of Conservation of Energy Electricity Energy Resources Energy Poster Roller Coasters Straw Rocket (GPE) Bouncing Ball See Douglas County School District Page 4 DRAFT April 2010
Thermal Energy (Ch. 6) P.12.C.5 Differences between heat and temperature. Energy The total energy of the universe is constant. All events involve the transfer of energy in one form or another. In all energy transfers, the overall effect is that energy is spread out uniformly. What s the difference between heat and temperature? (Identify uses of insulators and conductors). Distinguish between heat and temperature. Know that temperature measures kinetic energy. Thermal Energy Heat Temperature Insulator Conductor Make a thermometer. Make a thermos. See Douglas County School District Page 5 DRAFT April 2010
Electricity/ Magnetism (Ch. 8&9) P.12.B.2 P.12.B.3 Energy is created by using electrical current and magnets. Force and Motion The laws of motion are used to describe the effects of forces on the movement of objects. What are the parts of the electromagnetic force? How can we change the strength of an electrical force? (Identify series and parallel circuits and their parts review from 6 th grade.) Identify magnetic forces and electrical forces are parts of the electromagnetic force. Know that the strength of the electric force between two objects increases with charge and decreases with distance. Magnetic Force Electric Force Electromagnetic Force Current Make an electromagnet. See Douglas County School District Page 6 DRAFT April 2010
Waves (Ch. 10) P.12.C.1 Waves transfer energy, but not matter. Energy The total energy of the universe is constant. All events involve the transfer of energy in one form or another. In all energy transfers, the overall effect is that energy is spread out uniformly. What do waves transfer? What are the 2 types of waves? How do waves interact? Know that waves transfer energy. Identify and describe the parts of transverse and longitudinal (compressional) waves. Describe how waves behave when they meet an obstacle, pass into another medium, or encounter another wave. Wave Transverse Longitudinal Compressional Wavelength Amplitude Slinky Lab See Douglas County School District Page 7 DRAFT April 2010
Properties of Matter (Ch. 15)- Classification P.12.A.3 The makeup of matter Matter has various states with unique properties that can be used as basis for organization. The relationship between the properties of matter and its structure is an essential component of study in the physical sciences. The understanding of matter and its properties leads to practical applications, such as the capability to liberate elements from ore, create new drugs, manipulate the structure of genes and synthesize polymers. What are the three compositions of matter? How can you separate a mixture? What are chemical and physical properties of matter? What is the law of conservation of mass? Identify elements, mixtures (homogeneous and heterogeneous), & compounds. Describe how to separate a mixture using chemical and physical properties of matter. Describe that the total mass of matter in any reaction stays the same. Element Mixture Homogeneous Heterogeneous Compound Pure substance Physical property Physical change Chemical property Chemical change Law of conservation of mass Composition ID lab Trail Mix (sciencespot lab) Conservation of Mass Lab (open/closed containers) Chemical/Physical Changes Lab (paper cutting, burning) See Douglas County School District Page 8 DRAFT April 2010
Properties of Matter (Ch. 16) Solid, Liquid, Gas P.12.A.1 States of Matter Matter has various states with unique properties that can be used as basis for organization. The relationship between the properties of matter and its structure is an essential component of study in the physical sciences. The understanding of matter and its properties leads to practical applications, such as the capability to liberate elements from ore, create new drugs, manipulate the structure of genes and synthesize polymers. What are the 3 states of matter? How are the molecules arranged in the 3 states of matter? (speed and closeness) (Gas laws/fluid properties) Diagram the molecular structure of solids, liquids and gases. Analyze the motion of molecules in a solid, liquid and gas using the kinetic-molecular theory. Solid Liquid Gas Kinetic-Molecular Theory Matter Poster Phase Change Lab (with graph) Gas Law Labs Fluid Law Properties See Douglas County School District Page 9 DRAFT April 2010
Atoms & Bonding Ch. 17/20 P.12.A.2 P.12.A.4 P.12.A.8 P.12.A.9 Atomic Structure and Atom Bonding Matter has various states with unique properties that can be used as basis for organization. The relationship between the properties of matter and its structure is an essential component of study in the physical sciences. The understanding of matter and its properties leads to practical applications, such as the capability to liberate elements from ore, create new drugs, manipulate the structure of genes and synthesize polymers. How is the periodic table organized? What are the parts of the atom? How are compounds formed? What is an isotope? What is an ion? Describe trends and patterns in the periodic table. Differentiate between ionic and covalent bonding. Define and give examples of isotopes. Describe the electron structure of ions. Groups Metal Non-metal Atomic Number Atomic Mass Proton Neutron Electron Ion Isotope Covalent Bond Ionic Bond ABC Book of Periodic Table Element Flier Alien Periodic Table How to clean a penny? Flame Test (elements) Flinn Kit See Douglas County School District Page 10 DRAFT April 2010
Chemical Reactions P.12.A.5 P.12.A.6 P.12.A.7 Chemical Reactions Matter has various states with unique properties that can be used as basis for organization. The relationship between the properties of matter and its structure is an essential component of study in the physical sciences. The understanding of matter and its properties leads to practical applications, such as the capability to liberate elements from ore, create new drugs, manipulate the structure of genes and synthesize polymers. How can you change the rate of a chemical reaction? What is the law of conservation of energy? What is a balanced chemical equation? Describe factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions (including catalysts and inhibitors). Explain that chemical reactions involve energy and are commonly labeled endothermic and exothermic. Balance simple chemical reaction equations using simple whole number rations and the conservation of mass principle. Chemical Rxn Exothermic Endothermic Catalyst Inhibitor Coefficient Subscript Law of Conservation of Energy Law of Conservation of Mass Endo/Exothermic Lab (Yeast and H 2 O 2 ) Catalysts in Action (liver/potato) Law of Conservation of Mass (D. Anderson) Balancing Act (worksheets and game) Douglas County School District Page 11 DRAFT April 2010
Nuclear Energy & Rxns P.12.C3 P.12.C4 Nuclear energy and reactions Energy The total energy of the universe is constant. All events involve the transfer of energy in one form or another. In all energy transfers, the overall effect is that energy is spread out uniformly. What is the difference between nuclear fission and fusion? What are the impacts (positive & negative) of using radioactive elements? Explain nuclear reactions are at the atomic level. Identify the strengths of alpha, beta, gamma rays. Recognize application and impacts of radioactivity. Nuclear fission Nuclear fusion Alpha ray Beta ray Gamma ray Half-life Radioactive Decay Nuclear Decay (1/2 life) ------popcorn, pennies Douglas County School District Page 12 DRAFT April 2010