The Frequency of Snowline-region Planets & Free-Floating Planets From 2 nd generation microlensing and beyond Yossi Shvartzvald NPP@JPL Calen Henderson, Sebastiano Calchi Novati Chas Beichman, Geoff Bryden, Sean Carey, Rachel Akeson, Davy Kirkpatrick, Chris Gelino, David Ciardi
Microlensing basics
Microlensing basics
Microlensing basics Event timescale t M, D, D, E L L S r e l
Microlensing basics Event timescale t M, D, D, E L L S r e l 1 d fo r M J 1 h r fo r M
Microlensing basics Planet-Star mass ratio q M M P L Planet-Star separation s a r E Skowron+ (2014)
Exoplanet Demographics Frequency of cold (snowline) planets Earth mass and below, separations of 1-10 AU Galactic distribution of Exoplanets Both disk and bulge systems, distances of 0-8 kpc Free-floating planets No need for light from the lensing object
Snowline planet frequency
Snowline planet frequency
Snowline planet frequency Snowline scaling with mass: R M L e n s S
Second generation microlensing survey Wise Obs., Israel, 1m OGLE, Chile, 1.3m MOA, NZ, 1.8m
The generation-ii network Group OGLE MOA WISE
2011-2014 sample Sample Anomalous Planetary Events 230 35 9
N Frequency Earth Neptune Jupiter Brown dwarfs Mass ratio distribution Two populations, binaries & planets, analogous to the brown dwarf desert Neptunes-mass ratios are ~6 times more common than Jupiters Log (Mass ratio) Shvartzvald+ (2016)
N Frequency Earth Neptune Jupiter Brown dwarfs Mass ratio distribution Two populations, binaries & planets, analogous to the brown dwarf desert Neptunes-mass ratios are ~6 times more common than Jupiters Snowline planet frequency: High occurrence of BD companions: ~4% Log (Mass ratio) Shvartzvald+ (2016)
3 rd generation microlensing Spergel+ (2015)
Free-floating planets
Free floating planets Sumi+ (2011)
Free floating planets Unbound or distant Jupiters are twice ( common as main sequence stars 1.7 1.8 0.8 ) as Sumi+ (2011) Gaudi ARAA (2012)
Free floating planets Henderson+ (2016)
Free floating planets Keck AO followup distant or unbound? Batista+ (2015)
Campaign 9 of Kepler s K2 Mission Joint space- and ground-based microlensing survey
Concurrent Ground-based Resources CFHT UKIRT IRTF Keck Subaru WIYN OGLE LCOGT KMTNet LCOGT MiNDSTEp VST SMARTS MiNDSTEp LT MiNDSTEp LCOGT KMTNet LCOGT MiNDSTEp IRSF Wise LCOGT KMTNet LCOGT SkyMapper PLANET MOA Henderson+ (2016) Automated Survey Multiband Monitoring High-cadence Follow-up Near-infrared Source Fluxes
Concurrent Ground-based Resources CFHT UKIRT IRTF Keck Subaru WIYN OGLE LCOGT KMTNet LCOGT MiNDSTEp VST SMARTS MiNDSTEp LT MiNDSTEp LCOGT KMTNet LCOGT MiNDSTEp IRSF Wise LCOGT KMTNet LCOGT SkyMapper PLANET MOA Henderson+ (2016) Automated Survey Multiband Monitoring High-cadence Follow-up Near-infrared Source Fluxes
Free floating planets Full characterization: Henderson & Shvartzvald (2016)
Free floating planets Full characterization: Henderson & Shvartzvald (2016)
Campaign 9 of Kepler s K2 Mission
Summary Frequency of cold (snowline) planets Earth mass and below, separations of 1-10 AU Galactic distribution of Exoplanets Both disk and bulge systems, distances of 0-8 kpc Free-floating planets No need for light from the lensing object
Summary