International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2017, pp.217 223, Article ID: IJCIET_08_05_025 Available online at http://www.ia aeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtyp pe=8&itype=5 ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316 IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed EVALUATION OF LAND USE/LAND COVER CHANGES IN VIJAYAWADA CITY BY USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS Y. Ravi and D. Santhosh B.Tech Final Year, Civil Department KL University, AP, India. D. Satish chandra Asst.Professor, Civil Engineering, KL Univeristy, AP, India. ABSTRACT Evaluation of land use and land cover using remote sensing and GIS techniques is an area of interest that has been attracting increasing attention. This paper is an attempted to show the changes in land use and land cover in some parts of Vijayawada city over a 6 year period. The study made use of land sat imageries of 2010 to 2016. Images classifications are supervised and unsupervised on satellite images. The results show that degraded disturbed and forest constituted the most wide type of land use and land cover in the study area. The increasing population and economic activities were noted that they are keeping pressure on the available land resources. This paper highlights the importance of remote sensing and GIS techniques in apprehending the situation in Vijayawada city. Key words: attention, attracting, changes, pressure, Importance, supervised. Cite this Article: Y. Ravi, D.Santhosh and D. Satish chandra Evaluation of Land Use/Land Cover Changes in Vijayawada City by Using Remote Sensing and GIS. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(5), 2017, pp. 217 223. http://www.iaeme.com/ijci IET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&ITy ype=5 INTRODUCTION The purpose of Land use is to serve the needs of the human activities which are carried on land. The Land cover refers to vegetation and water bodies and rock soil and others resulting due to land transformation Identifying, delineating and mapping land cover is important for global monitoring studies and planning activities this knowledge will help develop strategies to balance conservation, differing uses, and developmental pressures. Issues driving land use studies include the removal and disturbance of productive land urban violation and reduction of forests. It is important to differentiate this variation between land use and land cover and the information that can be ascertained from each. http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 217 editor@iaeme.com
Evaluation of Land Use/Land Cover Changes in Vijayawada City by Using Remote Sensing and GIS The properties measured with remote sensing techniques relate to land cover, from which land use can be inferred, particularly with ancillary data or a priori knowledge. Land cover/use studies are multidisciplinary in nature, and thus the participants involved in such work are numerous and varied, ranging from international wildlife and conservation foundations, to government researchers, and forestry companies. Regional government agencies have an operational need for land cover inventory and land use monitoring, as it is within their mandate to manage the natural resources of their respective regions. Figure 1 Study area. The purpose of this paper was to study the changes in land use and land cover over a period of 6 years in Vijayawada city using remote sensing and GIS techniques and deriving factors behind the changes and the adverse effects of these changes on the livelihood of the people and the local environment. Study area Vijayawada city situated at the geographical centre of Andhra Pradesh state in India on the banks of Krishna River with latitude 16 31'N and longitude 80 39' E. http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 218 editor@iaeme.com
Y. Ravi, D.Santhosh and D. Satish chandra The topography of Vijayawada is flat with a few small to medium sized hills. Vijayawada city is the present capital of the state of Andhra Pradesh due to this the population growth has been rapidly increasing day by day. The city s population is expected to increases to 16.5 lakhs by 2021.With ever increasing population and record growth of urban area the city s landscape is undergoing unwanted changes. Build up of such excess heat in the urban area due to concentrated increased built-up surfaces with concrete, asphalt, etc. and vegetative cover. The city is facing severe land use troubles like shortage of disposal sites for garbage whose daily production is around 600 metric tons. with the above mentioned problem related to the unplanned growth of the city the study on land use and land cover. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data sources An area of 61.88sqkm was delineated on the landsat scene covering the study area.the land use and land cover mapping for the area was based primarily on land sat 5 Thematic Map (TM) of December 2010 and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Map (ETM) data of January 2016. The images were geometrically corrected to Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinate system. The selection of images of the same season was to minimize the influence of seasonal variations on the result. Digital image processing Digital image processing study depended upon the use of computer-assisted explanation of Land Sat imageries. Survey was performed throughout the study area using Global Positioning System (GPS). This survey was performed in order to obtain accurate location point data for each LULC class included in the classification scheme as well as for the creation of training sites and for signature generation. In order to obtain the required information from satellite image data, processing and interpretation were made systematically. Satellite image Pre- processing Enhancement & transformation in ERDAS Image Classification Analysis http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 219 editor@iaeme.com
Evaluation of Land Use/Land Cover Changes in Vijayawada City by Using Remote Sensing and GIS Table 1 Land use/land cover classes identified in the study area LULC TYPES Water body Settlement/bare surface Agricultural Land Description Areas covered with water such as dams and rivers. such as dams and rivers. Areas that have been populated with permanent residents or covered with scanty grass and exposed rocks, and bare lands. Areas that covered with agricultural land. Sn.No Class Area(Hectares) 1 River 748 2 Settlement 36105 3 Agriculture 28683 Settlement Agriculture River Figure 2 Satellite image of 2010 Sn.No Class Area(Hectares) 1 River 600 2 Settlement 38265 3 Agriculture 24581 Settlement Ag Agriculture Figure 3 Satellite Image of 2016 R River http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 220 editor@iaeme.com
Y. Ravi, D.Santhosh and D. Satish chandra The classification scheme is as described in Table 1. The post interpretation phase included preparation of LULC maps and detection of their changes. The change detection technique, which was employed in this study, was the post- classification compare- son. The overlay consisting of LULC maps of 2010 and 2016 were made through ERDAS IMAGINE software. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION There are two image classifications. They are supervised and unsupervised. They are as follows Figure 4 Supervised classification image of 2010 Figure 5 Unsupervised classification image of 2010 http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 221 editor@iaeme.com
Evaluation of Land Use/Land Cover Changes in Vijayawada City by Using Remote Sensing and GIS Figure 6 Supervised classification image of 2016 Figure 7 Unsupervised classification image of 2016 Figure 4 and 5 shows the land use/land cover area by supervised and unsupervised images of 2010 and Figures 6 and 7 shows the land use/land cover images of 2016. Charts provide a complete data set in terms of the overall landscape the types and extent of changes. CONCLUSION By comparing the images of Vijayawada city, Andhra Pradesh. From the years 2010 to 2016 by using the image classification methods like supervised and unsupervised for identifying the changes in amount of land occupied by rivers, settlements and agricultural lands. After comparing we got the amount land occupied by river in 2010 to 2016 is decreased from 748 to http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 222 editor@iaeme.com
Y. Ravi, D.Santhosh and D. Satish chandra 600. The settlements are increased from 36105 to 38265 and agricultural land has been decreased from 28683 to 24581. This changes indicates that the amount of land occupied by both rivers and agriculture is getting decreased. The settlements are increasing day by day due to the increase in population. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors would like to thank Dr.Siva Sankar and D.Satish Chandra our respected faculty members for guiding and supporting us for the completion of our project and also we thank department of civil engineering KL University. REFERENCES [1] Land Use and Land Cover Changes Around The Rivermouths Of Mangalore, West Coast Of India Gumageri Nagaraj Research Scholar, Applied Mechanics And Hydraulics Department, Nitk Surathkal 575025, Email:Gumageri.N@Gmail.Com. [2] Vegetation modification and man-induced environmental change. Salami AT (1998). [3] Land Use And Land Cover Mapping Madurai District, Tamilnadu, India Using Remote Sensing And Gis Techniques Alaguraja.P 1, Durairaju.S. 2 Yuvaraj.D 1, Sekar.M 1 Muthuveerran.P 1 Manivel.M 1. 529,Issn 0976 4380. [4] Land Use And Land Cover Change Detection Through Remote Sensing Prakasam.C (2010)Approach: A CaseStudy of Kodaikanal Taluk, Tamil Nadu International Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences. Volume 1, No 2, 2010 Pp.150-158, ISSN 0976 4380. [5] Land Use/Cover Change Detection of Tiruchirapalli City, India, Using Integrated Remote Sensing and GIS Tools Suribabu C.R & J. Bhaskar & T. R. Neelakantan (2012), Journal of Indian Society of Remote sensing, Doi 10.1007/S12524-011-0196-X, ISSN 0974 3006. [6] Land Use Change Analysis in the Zhujiang Delta of China Using Satellite Remote Sensing is And Stochastic Modeling Qihao Weng (2002) Journal of Environmental Management Vol. 64, 273 284, ISSN: 0301-4797. [7] Identification Of Urban Sprawl Pattern For Madurai Region Using Gis Saravanan.P, Ilangovan.P (2010) International Journal Of Geomatics And Geosciences. Volume 1, No 2, Pp.141-149 2010, ISSN 0976 4380. http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 223 editor@iaeme.com