Name The Sun-Earth-Moon System Section 28.3 The Sun-Earth-Moon System Date Main Idea Details Read the title of Section 3. List three things that might be discussed in this section. 1. 2. 3. Review Vocabulary Use your text to define the following ter m. rilles New Vocabulary Use your text to define each ter m. summer solstice winter solstice autumnal equinox ver nal equinox solar eclipse lunar eclipse Academic Vocabulary Define the following ter m. distribute 340 Section 28.3 The Sun-Earth-Moon System
Name Date Section 3 The Sun-Earth-Moon System Main Idea Phases of the Moon Use with page 763. Solar and Lunar Eclipses Use with page 765. Details Sequence the phases of the moon as it orbits Earth. The first phase has been done for you. first quarter full moon 1 new moon third quarter waning crescent waning gibbous waxing crescent waxing gibbous Identify the eclipses below as either solar or lunar. Then label Earth, the Moon, the Sun, the umbra, and the penumbra in each figure. Eclipse Eclipse REA L-WORLD CONNECTION Hypothesize the effect there would be on the tides if Earth s and the Moon s rotations were not synchronous. 342 Section 28.3 The Sun-Earth-Moon System
NAME DATE CLASS Chapter 18 Use with Section 2 ENRICHMENT Comparing Eclipses Earth s Moon The following observations were made during two eclipses. Study each sketch. Then answer the questions. Note that the moon revolves eastward in its orbit and goes eastward across the sky during an eclipse. Total solar eclipse Total lunar eclipse 1. What makes the shadow during a solar eclipse? During a lunar eclipse? 2. When a person experiences the third stage, or a total solar eclipse, where is he standing? 3. Is the east side or the west side of the sun covered first during a solar eclipse? 4. Is the east side or the west side of the moon covered first in a lunar eclipse? 5. Which of the above eclipses helps show that Earth is a sphere? Why? 6. Why does a lunar eclipse last longer than a solar eclipse? Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 53
Name Class Date CHAPTER 28 STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY SECTION 28.3 The Sun-Earth-Moon System In your textbook, read about the motions of Earth, the Sun, and the Moon. In the space at the left, write if the statement is ; if the statement is false, change the italicized word or phrase to make it. 1. All societies base their calendars and timekeeping systems on the apparent motion of the Sun and Moon. Earth latitude 2. The Sun, Moon, and stars appear to rise in the east and set in the west because of the rotation of the Moon. 3. You can demonstrate that Earth rotates through the use of a Foucault pendulum. 4. The period from one sunrise or sunset to the next is called the solar day. 5. The length of time it takes for the Moon to go through a complete cycle of phases is called the lunar month. 6. Annual variations in the length of the day and in temperatures are dependent on the longitude where you live. ecliptic summer lunar eclipse higher 7. The plane of Earth s orbit about the Sun is called the solstice. 8. The seasons are caused by Earth s orbit around the Sun in combination with the tilt of Earth s axis. 9. The hemisphere that is tilted toward the Sun experiences winter. 10. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes through Earth s shadow. 11. On the summer solstice, the number of daylight hours for the northern hemisphere is at a maximum. 12. During the northern hemisphere s summer, the sun appears lower in the sky than it does in winter. 13. On the winter solstice, the number of daylight hours is at its minimum. Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 14. The lengths of day and night are equal for both the northern and southern hemispheres on the vernal equinox. 180 Chapter 28 Earth Science: Geology, the Environment, and the Universe Study Guide for Content Mastery
Name Class Date CHAPTER 28 STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY SECTION 28.3 The Sun-Earth-Moon System, continued In your textbook, read about the phases of the Moon. Label each phase of the Moon below. Choose from the following phases: waning gibbous, waxing crescent, third quarter, first quarter, waxing gibbous, waning crescent, full moon. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 15. waxing crescent 16. first quarter Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 17. waxing gibbous 18. full moon 19. waning gibbous 20. third quarter 21. waning crescent Answer the question. 22. Why is the Moon invisible from Earth during a new moon? because of the Sun s glare and because the Moon s sunlit side is facing away from Earth. Study Guide for Content Mastery Chapter 28 Earth Science: Geology, the Environment, and the Universe 181
Name Class Date CHAPTER 28 STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY SECTION 28.3 The Sun-Earth-Moon System, continued In your textbook, read about the phases and motions of the Moon and about eclipses. For each item in Column A, write the letter of the matching item in Column B. g e d h a i b c f Column A 23. The closest point to Earth in the Moon s orbit 24. The inner portion of the shadow cast on Earth by the Moon 25. Blocking of the Sun s light by the Moon passing between Earth and the Sun 26. Farthest point from Earth in the Moon s orbit 27. State at which the Moon s orbital and rotational periods are equal 28. Occurs when the Moon passes through Earth s shadow 29. Length of time it takes for the Moon to go through a complete cycle of phases 30. The daily rise and fall of Earth s oceans caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun 31. Outer portion of the shadow cast on Earth by the Moon Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement. 32. The fact that Earth observers always see the same side of the Moon is explained by the Moon s a. eclipse. c. gravity. b. penumbra. d. synchronous rotation. 33. The tides on Earth are caused by the gravitational pull of the a. the Moon only. c. both the Moon and the Sun. b. the Sun only. d. neither the Moon nor the Sun. 34. During an annular solar eclipse, the Moon a. is near perigee. b. does not completely block the Sun. c. passes through Earth s shadow. d. always appears reddish in color. Column B a. synchronous rotation b. lunar month c. tides d. solar eclipse e. umbra f. penumbra g. perigee h. apogee i. lunar eclipse Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 182 Chapter 28 Earth Science: Geology, the Environment, and the Universe Study Guide for Content Mastery