SIO15 Midterm 1, Monday Oct. 30, 2017 TEST VARIATION: 2 1) Over the last 20 years, which of these natural disasters killed the most people in the U.S.? a) heat waves b) hurricanes c) lightning strikes d) floods e) cold waves 2) Between 1980 and 2003, which of these natural disasters caused the highest total insured losses in the U.S.? a) heat waves and droughts b) wildfires c) tornadoes d) hurricanes e) earthquakes 3) Which of these is an incorrect statement about latent heat? a) energy is released during condensation b) it costs heat to turn water into water vapor c) latent heat is hidden energy d) energy is released during evaporation 4) Which type of energy is stored in an earthquake fault at rest? a) heat b) kinetic c) rotational d) potential 5) Looking down on Earth s orbit, what is the position of Earth, Moon and Sun during Full Moon? a) Sun-Earth-Moon b) Sun-Moon-Earth c) Moon-Sun-Earth d) Sun, Earth, Moon make a right angle e) any configuration makes a Full Moon 6) What kind of tide is specifically related to a New Moon? a) King tide b) high tide c) spring tide d) low tide e) neap tide 7) What is the approximate age of the universe? a) 14 billion years b) 4.5 billion years c) 14 million years d) 5000 years 8) Where is the Kuiper belt located? a) between Venus and Earth b) between Earth and Mars c) between Mars and Jupiter d) beyond Neptune
9) In the five-layer Earth model, which layer floats on the mantle? a) lithosphere b) asthenosphere c) mesosphere d) hydrosphere e) cryosphere 10) What is a meteorite? a) a space object entering Earth s atmosphere b) a remnant of a space object after it impacted on Earth s surface c) the light phenomenon caused by a space object burning up in Earth s atmosphere 11) Which two forces hold a floating body in isostatic equilibrium? a) gravity and friction b) gravity and downslope c) buoyancy and restoring d) gravity and buoyancy e) inertial and gravity 12) What generates Earth s nearly dipolar magnetic field? a) volcanic rocks in the crust b) a bar magnet at Earth s center c) solar wind d) currents in liquid outer core e) convection in solid inner core 13) What is meant by post-glacial rebound? a) lithosphere sinks after ice sheets melt b) lithosphere rises after ice sheets melt c) species migrate back to previous climate zone d) return of vegetation in spring e) volcanoes increase eruption rates 14) Which type of earthquake typically occurs along a subduction zone? a) strike-slip b) normal c) reverse d) deep normal e) shallow strike-slip 15) Relative to the trench along a subduction zone, where do deep earthquakes occur? a) in front of the trench b) above the trench c) behind the trench 16) What is the earthquake activity called that is triggered by human activity? a) induced seismicity b) transferred seismicity c) referred seismicity d) transformed seismicity e) human activity does not trigger earthquakes
17) The largest earthquakes occur along divergent plate boundaries? 18) Which of the following does not cause tsunami? a) earthquakes b) volcanic eruptions c) tides d) submarine landslides 19) About how long does a tsunami travel from Chile to California? a) 11.5 seconds b) 11.5 minutes c) 11.5 hours d) 3.5 hours 20) Which of these disasters cannot be caused by earthquakes? a) fires b) floods c) volcanic eruptions d) hurricanes e) dam bursts 21) What happens during liquefaction? a) a tsunami floods a low-lying area b) shaken ground behaves like a liquid c) solid rock melts while being heated d) liquids are injected into an earthquake fault 22) Stress is a form of a) energy b) force c) deformation d) heat 23) Earthquakes are more likely to occur at night than during the day? 24) The time of day of an earthquake may affect the number of fatalities. 25) How is INSAR used to forecast earthquakes? a) monitors slow ground movement in aseismic periods b) counts number of small earthquakes c) monitors volcanic eruptions d) monitors groundwater movement 26) Which of these volcanic hazards has the highest fatality rate? a) pyroclastic flows b) lava flows c) ash clouds d) ash fall e) lahars
27) Which of these is NOT a volcanic gas? a) CO 2 b) H 2 O c) O 2 d) SO 2 28) Which principal type of eruption is associated with the Plinian type? a) particularly benign b) particularly violent 29) Of which VEI was the humongous eruption of Yellowstone about 630,000 years ago? a) 0 b) 1 c) 5 d) 8 e) 20 30) When molten magma cools, which mineral is first to crystallize? a) Quartz b) Olivine c) both crystallize at the same temperature 31) On which side of the melting curve does mantle rock have to be in order to be molten? a) right b) left 32) The Cascade volcanoes are found along which type of plate boundary? a) convergent b) transform c) divergent d) strike-slip 33) Which of these techniques is NOT used to monitor volcanoes? a) monitoring groundwater chemistry b) monitoring seismic activity c) monitoring radioactive decay d) geodetic survey of volcano s shape 34) Which two forces control the movement of a mass on a slope? a) gravity and buoyancy b) downslope and resistance c) driving and restoring d) kinetic and potential 35) A mass sliding down a slope without rotating loses which type of energy? a) potential b) heat c) kinetic d) latent heat
36) What does the angle of repose describe? a) increase slope angle b) add mass to bottom c) remove mass from bottom d) reduce slope angle e) a) and c) 37) Which of these reduces the slumping risk on unstable ground? a) installing a swimming pool b) installing a drainage pipe c) lowering the groundwater table e) b) and c) 38) What can lower the ground water table? a) excess farming b) installing a drainage system c) droughts e) a) and b) 39) How often do we have spring tides? a) once a day b) twice a day c) once a month d) twice a month e) twice a year 40) Approximately how old is the oldest oceanic lithosphere? a) 14 billion years b) 4.5 billion years c) 450 million years d) 200 million years e) 2000 years 41) Which kind of natural disaster affected the recent California wine harvest? a) wildfires b) lightning strikes c) heat wave d) flood e) a) and c) 42) Which of these plate boundaries can be found in the Gulf of California? a) convergent b) divergent c) transform e) only b) and c) 43) Which of these Atlantic hurricanes did NOT occur in 2017? a) Harvey b) Irma c) Maria d) Katrina