C f h Dvp f S S Rh Af C p évpp hh Afq CODESRIA RESEARCH PROGRAMME LES NOUVELLES FRONTIÈRES DE LA RECHERCHE SUR L ENFANCE ET LA JEUNESSE EN AFRIQUE D, C, / / NEW FRONTIERS OF CHILD AND YOUTH RESEARCH IN AFRICA TITRE / TITLE: VIOLENCE AND HARMFUL CULTURAL PRACTICES AGAINST CHILDREN IN THE GAMBIA THROUGH THE PRISM OF LITERARY IMAGINATION AND ETHNOGRAPHIC SURVEY AUTEUR / AUTHOR : PIERRE GOMEZ
I Th q f h h f H Rh Af ph f v y z, NGO Th Gb Gv f h q Th pp fh vv pph f v b f h h f h h by b y hph h p f pz Th h p h h bw L Ehphy p h b f h Th Gb hh p wy Ly p p f px, p xp whh py h hph f y L p f f y h kw fz h f h py f f b hy ( S Cb ) N b, Ch Dk v: T f h Tw C p vy ph h by Fh v Th h y x v -h p Th Gb p Gb k hph vy v h x whh y f h w p H py k hf xp h py f hf p h Gb L p Bb Gh Jw U Cf, Sy S Shy Th S W S Sh, Dy F R h C I h wk, F G M (FGM), y h, p h k pp Th x,, p h w y py h f Th Gb y, p wy - hf p h F h pp f h pp, pz f, bf,, h h p f h hh by p p f pp p I b vw h, v p bhv f p pp p ph C Kp h y x f wh p y h by h w h y hy py y p h h I hy hf by h f whh F Kp p, I p h y x h hf p f h w, whh h pp h h y Thf, w b hw h wk py h f h xp Th h f h p f h pp p hph vy f v -h p h h y pp Th f f hw v pv,, v xp h f hv, h xp h w I jy f hh h f bh by fh wh f pb h h b whh y b ph h f hy Hw h p p y wk hw h y f y hhh f hph vy w hf b h p f h pp
Cx: Th Gb h Eh pk y W Af whh p f B Fby wh f, q k (k) I h k f h W E h f Th Rv Gb Th Rv Gb, whh h h f h y, v w hv: h Nh h Sh Bk I, h pp w pp wh pp wh f % p f h hh pp Af: p p q k (Pv C R) Ov p p ppxy US$ p y Th Gb f f h hhy b p Pvy hf f f h p pb f h pp A h vy y wh h h w p h I f h pp f y v p wh h hf f h pp b f, vk v G h h p b ff vfy hv bh w, whh py w by w R h p f b h y h y h f-ffy p I, p f f xh w f py Th y v byy w wh y % Th Uvy w p Kf M h b f h f h vp f Gb Eh I Th Gb h p vp f Gb L b y f Fk, h w y I h, bh h w w by Bh, A h Af Ty Th Gb b f fw Gb w Gb Th x,, p h w y py h f Th Gb y, p wy - h b D L P h Fh f Gb L Oh p y Gb w Gb Jh Rb, P H J, Sw Ch, N Gy- Jh, H y S I h, Gb w k Sy S Shh, Bb Gh Jw, Jk Jb, Dy F h, hv b h p Gb Mh f Sy: Th h f h y w f F, h h y f y x h h F G M (FGM), h h h pb f y, y, h yp f h h Th h ph wh h x v b h b Th Gb Th h hph vy f h b y whh fz h f y h Th vy wh h f h b p h p f FGM, h x f h h f h h y, b, h Ap f yz x x, h h w k vw, f p, f h, Bf bk h h wk p w p y f fv Th p h p f v p:
My f E, Dp f S Wf, Dp f C S, Ch P A (CPA), GAMCOTRAP, FAWEGAM, NATCOM, W B, h V f h Y F h, h p h -ph vw wh h bw h f I h, fv f p vw w Th x w p wh p Bh h qv qv hp hv f h p f h b Th Gb Th pph w h b b w w p wh f by h h y f h h h M f q w h G Bj A wh f p f h pv, w h pp by h C S CPA A- Rp f V A Ch P Ly Wk Ch: V B FGM T I Jw U Cf, U fh, h P k h xv k U h, R, h bh f Th P f U p vw H h w b y w bb U (h h) -FGM w yh wh h py h h fh hv R H h h fy h w pv, p h fh f Th h f h y I F R h C h h h, -y-, Ay, y D, k j h b h p f h y Sh -hy k p h h h h bhy v p h vy kw wh h h yf w x b Sh wh Mh h f h Sh p h Sh f v h y f h yp Gb w v-à-v h p C h h w w f h k h I h wk, D v hf h by v h Sh f w p f wh wh h h x f Th fy wy hw h h yh pb f k h w p h v f h p v O f h f, A, bh by h ; h bv h h h h b h I h h f h y, D p h h Sh v h f h kw h h f h py Y, h y, h k p h kp h py, h bby, v f h h h v h w Th hp bw h w bk f -k I U Cf, bk h p w f, h h hv y h y v R h C hwv, wh h yh hv h h k f Bh U Cf R h C py x h yp
h f h h I U Cf, h yp h h h h p h Thy bv h wy f h f h p f wh Th h wh h p b Sj ( ) U fh U Cf yp h wh py h qy H f h f h F G M b H h h b h fw : B h b I j N w h f ; w b M (p) Th wh h b hy h j h hy f h Th xp hw k h pp w U fh v h fh h FGM h f q H y h p hf h h h h f jy h f f jy, hv p p p, hv b p wh v bh h - pbby h f h p (p) Th hwv f h w p h pf I y wh h p h f v w h h h h I h p, w h D y h v ff f F G M U b h f pp b h h, hk h f h h v, b b ph h p f FGM F h, h w v b h fh wh k R h bh A U, FGM whh h b y b q I y fhf h f x f H y v f fy, v wh h v (p,, ) U b h N (h w wh ) b w wh b b f F, h, h h h k b f h w H v by y b h h p, fhf Spp f FGM hwv y wy f pfy w wh py f vy Hwv, U v, h ff f h p F y hh h y; wh hv hh fhy hf p y S Ny Th S W S Sh b hh h bb h f Thy bv h G w f y b wh R h C h h h k h ppv Th bk hf v f p k FGM Hwv, D h h h f h v hf p I h h k k h ( wh) Th vy h y h h f y h Gb Dy F p vy vby h h h b h bhv f D h y, M y f h, y bfy ( y vy) wh hy hy y (p & p) Sh w v h y b f f h wbzy b A hv w f h
hy py bf wh hy w h b h y f h f h y kw h (p) I R h C, b p D h f p h-y- Sh y h f D wh kp q Th G Ch h Pb f Dy E Th S W S Sh f h yh h y f h h I py w b f h k pp h bk h Th h h bk hf h w wh I f h h h h, p wh Ny, h h k: k fh k h A hh y f w hy whw f h j wh hy b w I f, U M fh p Ny h h h vy f h h v b h h p x Th b z hw ff f h : h Jb Bh Lw,, Ny, wh h b hhp vy Bh by h p vy qy If f pw w bh w b b w, hk y k j, h ppy v f h f p b f bf h h h p f Gb y A, f f w Th w pp f w ff f: I y h h h y h w bh h w v [---] E, y v, h (Th S W S Sh P) Th ph k f pp f h h p h w, b b pv h wk h Sff pf hv hw h w b k v h h Af v f j xp, h hv ppv h Ny h f A B h v v x- O h pby pv h h y h By h f y f y, [----], p by h v I h pp (P ) A, Ny wk p, w y Th y f w b h vp f I v h y h h f f vp I R h C, E h h Ay k w pp b
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hz by fw f p q Y, I p qy, y pp [ ] I y b wf h (P) Th b h y h h h v I p by p b f wh Ny p by h M H h h v y h fy Sh ff y h p wh Th x pp wh b R h : bv h h f I f h k h h (xp Ay wh h bh h h fy by b p) Tw K wh hy b I h v h f f h Ay by h w (P) V h h Th S W S Sh Ny pp by h hb Sh b f h h h b h y p h O h f py Ny h b b h w pp h Sh f f b b Gb p h h f h Jb, h w bv h R Th C y b x h wk p Ay fh p h y wy wh h M hy y h h; Ay y h f h f hv hb wh p kw f Th h v f h h p hw hv h h h f h by M Bj wh hk h pw y w by h y U S f h v h y xy f h p Sh v h h ypy p f h b wh p h h y by y B- A Ep Ehph Svy f V A-Ch P Th h p hw h hw h v p by p Th v hf f y h hph vy bf h Ey M P Th Gb Ey h wy p h wf f y wh y h v f y Th Gb I, py h p, h v v h ppy h h p b h f p h wh p f h wh h f h bx hp I f, h v h pv f Th Gb whh y () h, h b b h f f f h p
A h S Ay f W Th Gb Rp (), y f ff y f Th p fh h x whh h h h hh, p (, pvy) Hwv, Th Gb Cpv Fy D Svy (), h v f y h y h b Th v f h wh y y h vy Th p f h vy y h y pv h h h b O j f pb f h b b b v pvy v h b w I hf p h j f y j h h f h q h pv hh f h v Th Gb h v v x p wh h x f hh h w y D h h f h Gb y, ff h p hv ff v p wh h f j wh hy pby whh h h b f h pv y My, py h p h, bb h f hv h h h b f h b y w h bf h h b h y vb f hh wh Y xp pv h vy hy A f f, h y vy h x py P f hf bv h y ff h -h y pv py h v h f h b f p f wk A w h, h f h f Ah j f y y f hh h f y f h y Th p h hb kw hw k f h h h h p I h v, p y hppy b v f h pb w h -h h h I h b h v hh y h y pf,, hy h phyy y y h f Whv h yb, y x wh h f h h S pp h bh y w jfy h v f y h h y I b f, h f h w-b b v h f y f pb f kw wh hb f h Th p hf h f wh h h h y h f Th Gb w y w h j I f, f h D Tb A f y v by y w A h, bh p hy p j y wh h pv f y A h w f Wh hwv b h pv h, y h whh h Th p pv by y h w v v h f h h wh pv hh
pp y p F h f h y vy, hy ff f y phy, pb wh h y Th ff f y h v f hv f h q y h v b h f h O f h j pb wh h hh p whh f p p Th y h f h vy y y phyy h h b vy, v hh hy y pp fy phyy vp I x, p vp b h vy wh hby bh h v f h h h A h Fy Ay Ev, C (), v bh hh h b Th h h hh p wh py f y wp h h h b I, f h v f y b p f h wh kw k whh hv b h v Sbqy, h h p ff h py bh hh fy v Thf, f py v wh w A f hh p, py y w, y py pvy h y py h Upy, b f h f vp, y h h v f hv h M Dvp G (MDG) I v h h hh p f py f y y p hh b h Sh hp y p h v p f y pv hh v hh h y F h bv vy, h y j h h p h fb f py h h I k hvy vb y v w h w y T b h v ff f y y, h fw b vy f: ) Dvp p w vy y ; ) ) v) Ipv b y h h; S h h p f y ; C jb pp f h w h f b p; v) B h p bw h h h p hh v v
w v by NGO Ch Sx Ab Exp Th Gb Ch x b xp h b k w p h fb Th Gb xp h Th p Th Gb f f h U N Cv h Rh f h Ch (CRC) h Af Ch h Rh Wf f h Ch A Spb pvy Th Gb, hv f h ff p f h h, h h p x b xp, h h v w k Th Gb by x h w f v p f h Th bz f h w hh h h, f h pvh vp, p y wk, hv b fy h pp vby f p h py h h vy f f x b xp I Th Gb h vp, f w pv v f h p p f h b h f h h; hwv, f h h f p h ffv ff p f h h p, py wh h p f h x b pp I h h pv f hv f h x b h xp f h f h M f h, h fy, h h h v, h p h vw h wh h b f h h H f h x b hv b f p v p wh h xp pp f pv fy y h y f h b, wh bh, v fh h v Th h f h h p f x k b b bj y b ff b h v ph H Th Gb p hv hw h pvy h h ff pp f v py h Thf h v pvy y h b w p-f qy f f h w hv h py ff h ff p h h f h T pv -ph f h h x b Th Gb, h pp w f h fw p: Df f h h h x b F h xp h x b xp Ch x Th f h pv h x b Th Gb R w y h h b f h h Th Gb F If CSA Th Gb Th b f f h xp h x b Pvy b f h f h xp h f k k h vb ff f f x b xp Th pp b pb k bw
pvy h p Th Gb f vp Th y ff h; h p f p f h h p by h wh wh p f y vb f hv h hh f y h I v h h f p f ky hv h b f q f, h h b w hh Ch h f f b hh by wk py pp A h f h p by p by, h hp (y b ) ph f b wk h h h h, h xp h p b A bv h h x xp f h k v f h p M h x b vy f pph p h / h p ff h wh y pb hy y hv S p -v hf b y h x b xp f h w h w by h y bf Fh, h h b f h x b Th b, h h TV h, p wh h pv pvy f f, h pb h k whh fy f v Th h h h k y ph h f h p f p h h b p f bk f h v y f pvy Dp h py y Gb h, h y h xpv f wh vyby xp bk h p B f h, h, wh y f xy f hy h f, w wy z h b wh f h fh Fy, h hf p h f y whh xp h x b xp I f f h h f v f h h f h h whh y h Ch Rh Cv (CRC) f by Th Gb I h y, h vb f f h x b (y ) f by Th pbby b h z by h fy h f h h b Th y f h hz by y p f h h by h - hb wh hy h f h wf f x; h h h w p wh h py f h Th p vy h x pv hh f h h Ch Sx T Th h b h x b xp f h by h pp f h x T f Th Gb vb v whh b fy h GDP Hwv, h b- h b h wy f pph wh v h y wh h v f h x v, k v f h pv pvy Sh h p Gb p f p k h h p h wh hy xy b h v, by h wh hk f y f vb f I
p -y Ep wk h h h TDA wh Th h by CPA b wh T H, Nh (Jy ) h h v k h h, wh h x b xp Y, h hv h h p f b, ffk f h pp f x b xp h CRC Th f h h h b p f h p f h pp f y f f x xp v f h CRC I v h h ffk, b x xp f h by Th Gb T fh b h h x Th Gb, pv w h q whh h x hpp, h v f p pph h by L T D H Nh ( CPA) wh h h: Y hpp, b ff pv Th y v b y b h h h pp v vy w (C by H Ow h TDA) T h f h (x wh h h) Pp h f y by fy h x W vy y (C by L T G) I hv yf h Bk y w fw Th ff h O y b p by ff py f h (C by I Rf Ay Rp) A, h p f h y, h h p h,, G wh w v Th Gb h K w h p p -y wh w h p Ah h h h f h p h h fy y Wh fy b h h, h G w h h w p f w H w vy h p f w y S h S f Ch P Th UNICEF Db y Ch Sx Ab Exp Th Gb v h h p h Sb T A Bj py, h y y h % % f h f h, x hp x Th f v wh p f h A h Db, UNICEF y, h Svy v h f h p f vw p p, % w h f, % w bw h FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION IN THE GAMBIA
F vv h p f v f x My by h v h x f y yp f f Nh, h ff p b w b y: y ( p) fb (v p) I h f, p f h x v Th p v f h v f bh h h p I h p, h v, f h b ff h b j w f Th w f h h h kp by p hy h p f h f k, whh v h h p f h v A f h h pp f wh, h h h fw whh bv b f f: h hy y b hy; fh b w; wh h b; pp b f f ; pz h hb' x p; k v b h ; pv fy pv f y; f vy; fy, b xv x I Th Gb, y h h p F G M, y FGM bw h f, whh hy j b b h xp f h w I f, h h h h wh pp b f h h v f h y I h Mk F b f, wh bhv f h h ( ) f w, h b S p Th py p - wh h f h Thh h p f F G M wy Th Gb, y p by fw b Th b h Mkk, F, Sh J Th pp f - vy f h Ry, b f h y h wh h, f h h p b h p h wh ff A, b f h p w hv, hy FGM f h ky v h h y hh h b hy k Th y vv f h w h p wh, b y ff f h q Ty, FGM pf Th Gb by p w kw Mk Nyb Th w bv p p p pw h b v wy v p f h h wh h w' Th w p h b f h p h f hy x I h b h y vv hv by pv h q kw Kk h v wy h v p f h wy
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f h f p h k ppp h h p wh h h h y Cp ph fq v Q h h h I f p, by h h f h hv : O f y v, wh Q h w b h y ; h p h by w h Q w h f h b h k h Nv Eff f Cp Ph S j by h Mk h h h h h w h bj hy h E h qy f bw p h V h h D h hh C bq pf wh hy by f I h p fy P S f Cp Ph Th Gb A vy by h Ch P A Th Gb h f Sv h Ch Sw p ph h Gb (B h Mp, N h Ch) - w f h p ph w wf h h U w, whh p f Th Gb h w f E (App) A, Cp, p, h p by h h h Cp ph w wf h w S f h E R f E A Cp f h v w f Gb () : F p h b f h, b j ph phb, h h v p ph f y f v h f h pv Th Gb f y whh p ph f h h Th Gb w h wh h f whpp w p by w P S f Cp Ph A h E Py, Cp ph h hv b b Th w p ph h Oy H h p p ph Ev h, h b (p ph) bk f vy A vy by h Ch P A % f h bv h h hv h v hh h y f h % f h hv b p ph h pp % A f p h, % f h pb p % f h wh hk
I h v, h vy hw h h v f ph h v f : % S Sy Sh, % Upp B Sh % Lw B Sh Sy h, h w Q h h h: % f b wh % b f, % b vy f % y b by h h Sh h h C Rv Dv v b (%) h h p h G Bj A (%); y b Lw Rv Dv (%) Th h v v h wh h ph h, h % f h wh % h ff bj, % b wh % wh b Mv, h CPA Rp: Th GBA (%) h CRD (%) LRD (%) Th pp f b wh h b Lw Rv Dv (%) h h b wh h C Rv Dv (%) h G Bj A (%) b Th f LRD () h CRD (%) h GBA (%)
Th y h bf h h h h f G h hf p h vy hy f wh A h b f wh h f w k f f, wh h v f y h pp Ay, wh p, h p h h hy v h ffp bf p hh Th pv ph q h b f h f z Thf, h v h f v f p h h f b b h pb Th h f h b p qvy C Th y h hhh f b h Gb h ff v f h b h h Th fh h h ph b f y x hph vy Ch b hv b ffvy hhh hh h y I Gb, w b vz z f h hw h b v Bb Gh Jw U Cf, Sy Shy Th S W S Sh Dy F R h C h xp f y wk h xpy h b f ppv pvy Sh wk z h pp h f bh py k h pp h f v h Th w hhh h f pp, z xp f h Th Gb Ehph f wk p y xp f f h b Wh w h wk v hf p h y f p f y I bk hph p h b hh b f qv h, w v h h h Th Gb ff z w bj y pv Php h f F G M w f h hz h y pz I h Gb I h wh pp h p by I Fy f h S H
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J S O h h p T E- F G M/C (FGM/C) (P f w wh v h wh h h f (FGM/C) Dh h y f f FGM/C Nb f w - y LGA
Bj Kf Bk Mkk Kw K Jjbh B R Ub R A - - - - - - - Mh E N Py Sy + Wh Ix q P S M Fh Rh
Eh p f h f hh Mk Wf F J S Oh p h T