Good morning, please do the following: Get out your What is Cellular Respiration? reading for a stamp Get out your Assignment Sheet Get out your concept maps for a check-in If you were absent on Monday, you need: 1-Learning Targets 10 and 11 2-What is Cellular Respiration? reading
In your Journals: Spend a minute adding to your concept maps if you have not already WORK IN YOUR GROUPS FOR THIS. I want you to EXPLAIN what your scientific thinking is!! (I do not want you to tell what you wrote and have others write it down)
12 November, 2014 Today we will: 1. Stamp your Cellular Respiration reading 2. Check your concept maps 3. Quick notes about the test 4. Collect data from the Meal Worms in the bio chambers and do worksheet 5. Cow Cellular Respiration notes/worksheet 6. Molecular modeling of Cellular Respiration 7. Revising models Learning Objectives Examine the movement of atoms and the transformation of energy that occurs during the cellular respiration chemical reaction Go back to your initial models of the person losing weight and add more conceptual understanding of how they are losing weight
Quiz Some things to clarify on the quiz I just graded: LT 8 asked you to draw the biomolecules after complete digestion (not during) Large intestine is not where biosynthesis takes place Most got the first cricket question (#10) wrong so I did not take off points for it, if I did, come see me and I will correct that
Mealworm Lab PART 2 Initial CO 2 Concentration: ppm Initial % O 2 : % Final CO 2 Concentration: ppm Final % O 2 : % Overall change in CO 2 Concentration: Overall change in % O 2 : ppm %
Explaining how mealworms use energy to move 6
Cow Digestion and Cellular Respiration 7
Animals use food in two ways Materials for growth: Biosynthesis Food Digestion Energy: Cellular respiration 8
When a cow eats
The Movement Question for when a cow eats Where are atoms moving from? Where are atoms moving to?
How do oxygen and food help a cow use energy to move? Which atoms and molecules move during cellular respiration? water carbon dioxide oxygen glucose
How do these molecules move through the cow? water carbon dioxide oxygen glucose
What happens inside a muscle cell during cellular respiration? Chemical change
How Atoms Bond Together in Molecules Atoms in stable molecules always have a certain number of bonds to other atoms: Carbon: 4 bonds Oxygen: 2 bonds Hydrogen: 1 bond Oxygen atoms do NOT bond to other oxygen atoms if they can bond to carbon or hydrogen instead.
What does this have to do with energy? Chemical energy is stored in bonds between atoms Some bonds (C-C and C-H) have high chemical energy Other bonds (C-O and O-H) have low chemical energy
Writing a Chemical Equation Chemists use chemical equations to show how atoms of reactant molecules are rearranged to make product molecules Writing the equation in symbols: Chemists use an arrow to show how reactants change into products: [reactant molecule formulas] product molecule formulas] Saying it in words: Chemists read the arrow as yield or yields: [reactant molecule names] yield [product molecule names] Equations must be balanced: Atoms last forever, so reactant and product molecules must have the same number of each kind of atom Try it: can you write a balanced chemical equation to show the chemical change when animals move (use energy)?
Chemical equation for cellular respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O (in words: sugar reacts with oxygen to yield carbon dioxide and water) 17
Making the Reactant Molecules: Sugar and Oxygen Cellular respiration occurs when sugar (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) reacts with oxygen (O 2 ). Make a molecule of sugar and oxygen on the reactant side of your Molecular Models poster: 1. Get the atoms you will need to make your molecules. Can you figure out from the formula for sugar how many C, H, and O atoms you will need? 2. Use the bonds to make models of a sugar molecule (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) and at least 6 oxygen molecules (O 2, with a double bond) 3. Identify the high-energy bonds (C-C and C-H) by putting twist ties on them. How many high energy bonds does a molecule of sugar have? 4. Compare your molecules to the pictures on the next slide. Are they the same?
Photo of reactant molecules: H 6 C 12 O 6 (sugar) and O 2 (oxygen) Start by making the molecules and energy units of the reactants and putting them on the reactants side, then rearrange the atoms and energy units to show the products. Glucose Chemical change Oxygen Reactants Products Remember: Atoms last forever (so you can rearrange atoms into new molecules, but can t add or subtract atoms). Energy lasts forever (so you can change forms of energy, but energy units can t appear or go away). 19
Rearranging the Atoms to Make Product Molecules: Carbon Dioxide and Water Cellular respiration occurs when sugar (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) reacts with oxygen (O 2 ) to produce carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water (H 2 O). Show how this can happen: 1. The reaction breaks the bonds in the molecules, so their bonds can break. Now they can recombine into carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water vapor (H 2 O). Make as many of these molecules as you can from one sugar molecule. 2. Figure out numbers of molecules: a) How many O 2 molecules do you need to combine with one sugar molecule? b) How many CO 2 and H 2 O molecules are produced by respiring one molecule? 3. Remember, atoms last forever. So you can make and break bonds, but you still need the same atoms. 4. Remember, energy lasts forever. What forms of energy do the twist ties represent now? 5. Compare your molecules to the pictures on the next slide. Are they the same?
Photo of product molecules: CO 2 (carbon dioxide) and H 2 O (water) Start by making the molecules and energy units of the reactants and putting them on the reactants side, then rearrange the atoms and energy units to show the products. Chemical change Carbon dioxide Water Reactants Products Remember: Atoms last forever (so you can rearrange atoms into new molecules, but can t add or subtract atoms). Energy lasts forever (so you can change forms of energy, but energy units can t appear or go away). 21
Comparing photos of reactant and product molecules Start by making the molecules and energy units of the reactants and putting them on the reactants side, then rearrange the atoms and energy units to show the products. Glucose Chemical change Carbon dioxide Water Oxygen Reactants Products Remember: Atoms last forever (so you can rearrange atoms into new molecules, but can t add or subtract atoms). Energy lasts forever (so you can change forms of energy, but energy units can t appear or go away). 22
What happens to atoms and energy in cellular respiration? Carbon Dioxide Glucose Reactants Chemical change Water Products Oxygen Motion and heat energy 23
What happens to carbon atoms and chemical energy in cellular respiration? Carbon Dioxide Glucose Reactants Chemical change Oxygen Carbon atoms become part of carbon dioxide molecules and Chemical energy is transformed into energy for cell work and heat energy. Water Products Motion and heat energy 24
Tracing every atom through cellular respiration Optional Slides 25
What happens to atoms and energy during cellular respiration? Carbon Dioxide Glucose Reactants Chemical change Water Products Oxygen Motion and heat energy 26
What happens to carbon atoms during cellular respiration? Carbon Dioxide Glucose Reactants Chemical change Water Products Oxygen Carbon atoms become part of carbon dioxide molecules. Motion and heat energy 27
What happens to oxygen and hydrogen atoms during cellular respiration? Carbon Dioxide Glucose Reactants Chemical change Water Products Oxygen Oxygen and hydrogen atoms become part of carbon dioxide and water molecules. Motion and heat energy 28
What happens to chemical energy during cellular respiration? Carbon Dioxide Glucose Reactants Chemical change Water Products Oxygen Chemical energy is transformed into energy for cell work and heat energy. Motion and heat energy 29
What happens to atoms and energy during cellular respiration? Carbon Dioxide Glucose Reactants Chemical change Water Products Oxygen Atoms last forever! Energy lasts forever! Motion and heat energy 30
Three Questions Poster Question Rules to Follow Evidence to Look For The Movement Question: Where are atoms moving? Where are atoms moving from? Where are atoms going to? The Carbon Question: What is happening to carbon atoms? What molecules are carbon atoms in before the process? How are the atoms rearranged into new molecules? The Energy Question: What is happening to chemical energy? What forms of energy are involved? How is energy changing from one form to another? Atoms last forever in combustion and living systems All materials (solids, liquids, and gases) are made of atoms Carbon atoms are bound to other atoms in molecules Atoms can be rearranged to make new molecules Energy lasts forever in combustion and living systems C-C and C-H bonds have more stored chemical energy than C-O and H-O bonds When materials change mass, atoms are moving When materials move, atoms are moving The air has carbon atoms in CO 2 Organic materials are made of molecules with carbon atoms Foods Fuels Living and dead plants and animals We can observe indicators of different forms of energy Organic materials with chemical energy Light Heat energy Motion
Can you answer the Three Questions for cellular respiration now? What are your ideas? The Movement Question: Where atoms moving? (Where are atoms moving from? Where are atoms going to?) The Carbon Question: What is happening to carbon atoms? (What molecules are carbon atoms in before the process? How are the atoms rearranged into new molecules?) The Energy Question: What is happening to chemical energy? (What forms of energy are involved? How is energy changing from one form to another?)
What happens when animals move (use energy)? Where are atoms moving from? Where are atoms moving to? What molecules are carbon atoms in before the change? What other molecules are involved? Chemical change What molecules are carbon atoms in after the change? What other molecules are produced? What forms of energy are in the reactants? What forms of energy are in the products? Remember: Atoms last forever and Energy lasts forever 33
Process Tool for Molecular Models Start by making the molecules and energy units of the reactants and putting them on the reactants side, then rearrange the atoms and energy units to show the products. Chemical change Reactants Products Remember: Atoms last forever (so you can rearrange atoms into new molecules, but can t add or subtract atoms) Energy lasts forever (so you can change forms of energy, but energy units can t appear or go away)
In lungs, O 2 and CO 2 are exchanged in blood Oxygen comes in and carbon dioxide comes out of nose and mouth In all cells, glucose is broken down to release energy in bonds
Closing: Back to your Biggest Loser Models Take a moment to write down one new that you have learned either today or Monday to do with Cellular Respiration In your groups, share out and write down in your journals at least 2 concepts, equations, or vocabulary that has to do with losing weight Once you have that, please add these to your posters in a different color pen/pencil