Biology Semester One Final Exam Review PART ONE: CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE 1) Define Biology. (Remember to break words down into the prefix and suffix to determine the meaning if needed.) The study of life 2) List the eight characteristics that all living things have in common. (Use your foldable from the beginning of the school year to help.) Grows & Develops Made of Cells Adapts & Evolves Over Time Reproduces Obtain & Use Energy Responds to Stimuli Based on a Genetic Code (DNA) Maintains Homeostasis 3) Define the term homeostasis. (**Textbook Glossary or Characteristics of Life Foldable) Maintaining a stable, internal environment 4) Provide one example of a stimulus and a response. (**Characteristics of Life Foldable) **Answers will vary; A person puts their hand on a hot stove; the person pulls their hand backs and screams, Ouch! 5) The universal genetic code that organisms are based upon is DNA (Hint: three letters, **Characteristics of Life Foldable) 6) What is the difference between growth & development? (**Characteristics of Life Foldable) Growth= Gaining mass; getting larger Development= Natural changes in living organisms PART TWO: PHOTOSYNTHESIS (**Use your green Photosynthesis Picture Note Page, Why Leaves Change Colors Article & Lab Sheet for this Section) 1) Define the following prefixes: a. Hetero- : Other/Different b. Auto- : Self c. Chloro- : Green d. Photo- : Light 2) Fill in the blanks for the equation for the process of Photosynthesis Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sun Glucose + Oxygen
3) In the equation above (question #2) circle the product that is considered the food for the plant and underline the product is that is considered the waste product of the process of photosynthesis. 4) In what part of the cell does the process of photosynthesis mainly occur? Chloroplast 5) What are the two terms that are used to refer to an organism that creates its own food through the process of photosynthesis or chemosynthesis? Autotroph or Producer 6) What are the three main examples of types of organisms that create their own energy? Plants/Algae/Bacteria 7) What is the ultimate source of energy for the Earth? Sun 8) Water enters a plant through its Roots and Carbon Dioxide enters a plant through its Leaves. 9) What are the two main events that trigger leaves to change their colors in the fall? Temperature Drops/Daylight Hours Decrease 10) True or False: The orange & yellow colors of leaves that we see in the fall are actually present in the leaves all year long. True 11) What is the name of the lab technique that we used to separate the pigments from the leaves? (**Leaves Changing Color Lab) Chromatography PART THREE: CELLULAR RESPIRATION 1) Fill in the blanks for the equation for the process of Cellular Respiration Glucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP 2) In the equation above (#1) circle the reactant that we must obtain from the food that we eat. Underline the reactant that we get from the process of photosynthesis. 3) What part of the cell does the majority of the process of cellular respiration occur in? Mitochondria 4) How many total ATPs are created in the process of Celluar Respiration? What is ATP a form of?
36/Energy 5) If oxygen is present (aerobic process) then the Krebs Cycle & Electron Transport Chain will occur after the process of Glycolysis in Cellular Respiration. What occurs after Glycolysis if oxygen is not present (anaerobic process)? Fermentation 6) What two products are produced in the process of Fermentation? What organism performs fermentation and aids in the making of beer & bread? Alcohol/Carbon Dioxide; Yeast 7) What causes the intense burning sensation in your muscles during exercise due to a lack of oxygen? Lactic Acid PART FOUR: Food Webs & Food Chains/Energy Transfer in the Ecosystem 1) An organism that does not have ability to create its own energy and must eat in order to obtain the energy can be referred to as a Consumer or a Heterotroph. 2) Label the type of consumer being described for each description below: a. Only eats meat: Carnivore b. Only eats plants: Herbivore c. Eats both plants & animals: Omnivore 3) Define the following terms: a. Biotic Factor: Living Thing b. Abiotic Factor: Non- Living Thing 4) In an energy pyramid, ten percentage of the energy in one level can be transferred to the next level. Why? Energy is lost in the form of heat 5) Where can you find an organism in a food web that gets the least amount of energy? Top 6) Where can you always find an autotroph or a producer in a food chain? Base/Bottom PART FIVE: Biogeochemical Cycles 1) Nitrogen makes up 78% of the atmosphere. 2) What organism performs denitrification & Nitrogen fixation in the Nitrogen cycle? Bacteria 3) Label each description below with the biogeochemical cycle that is being described:
a. Lightning coverts into different forms, bacteria in soil converts into different forms, fertilizers add more to the cycle: Nitrogen b. Weathering & Breaking Down of Rocks & Absorption into the Soil: Phosphorus c. Released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned, released into atmosphere from volcanic activity, taken in by plants during photosynthesis: Carbon PART SIX: Human Impacts on the Environment For numbers 1-6 below, use the following terms to fill in the blank of the human impact that is being described: Invasive Species, Overexploitation, Overpopulation, Pollution, Habitat Destruction, Climate Change 1) The presence or introduction into the environment of a substance or thing that has harmful or poisonous effects: Pollution 2) A plant or animal that is brought to an environment that is non- native to an environment and has a tendency to spread and effects the environment negatively: Invasive Species 3) The hunting or using species from the environment to the point where the population of the species is decreased: Overexploitation 4) The change in global climate patterns from the late 1900 s to the present- day due to an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere produced by the use of fossil fuels: Climate Change 5) When a population of a certain species exceeds the carrying capacity (amount of organisms that an environment can support): Overpopulation 6) When a natural habitat is affected to the point where it is unable to support the species present and species are forced to leave their habitat or the species is destroyed: Habitat Destruction 7) What is the main cause of climate change worldwide? Burning of Fossil Fuels 8) What are some possible solutions to decrease the rate of climate change? Carpooling, Using Clean Energy Sources PART SEVEN: POPULATIONS 1) What type of growth does this graph display? Logistic
2) Does the graph in question one reach a carrying capacity? If so at what number does it reach it? Yes; 2000 3) What type of growth does this graph display? Exponential 4) Label each image below with the type of geographic distribution that is displayed. Clumped Uniform Random 5) What are the three main factors that affect a population s growth rate? Birth Rate, Death Rate, & Migration 6) Circle the factors below that causes a population to have a carrying capacity - Limited Food Source - Predation - Immigration - Disease 7) If a birth rate is quicker than the death rate & immigration is occurring more quickly than emigration then a population will Increase (Increase or Decrease) 8) What type of factors has lead to an increase in the human population worldwide? Improved Medical Care, Technology, Agriculture, & Ability to Alter Land for Our Needs
9) A gradual change in living communities following a disturbance is known as ecological succession. 10) The scientific study of interactions among organisms and organisms and their environment or surroundings is known as Ecology. PART EIGHT: CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 1) What are the three parts that make up the cell theory? - New cells are created from pre- existing cells - All living things are made up of cells - Cells are the basic unit of life 2) What type of cell does not have a nucleus, is usually small & simple, and usually makes up unicellular organisms? (Bacteria is an example.) Prokaryote 3) What are two main differences between an animal and a plant cell? Animals do not have a cell & plants have a cell wall Animals do not have chloroplast & plants have chloroplasts 4) List the cell part that is being described for each description below: a. Comparable to the lakes, streams, & rivers of a city; organelles float in this: Cytoplasm b. Comparable to a power plant; converts molecules of fuel into usable energy: Mitochondria c. Comparable to storage units in a city and stores water, proteins, & enzymes in the cell: Vacuole d. Comparable to the mayor s office in a city; stores the DNA and is the control center for the cell: Nucleus e. Comparable to a factory; makes proteins in the cell: Ribosomes f. Comparable to a garbage company; digests worn out organelles: Lysosome g. Comparable to a solar power plant; uses the Sun s energy to produce usable energy for the cell: Chloroplast h. Comparable to the highway and road system of a city; transports materials within the cell (has a smooth & rough section): Endoplasmic Reticulu i. Comparable to the post office of a city; sorts, transports, & packages proteins: Golgi Apparatus j. Provides protection for the cell & is selectively permeable: Cell Membrane k. Comparable to the foundations of buildings & supports the cell and provides structure: Cytoplasm PART NINE: CELLULAR TRANSPORT
1) Draw a simple diagram of the cell membrane s phospholipid bilayer. Include the following parts: phospholipid head, phospholipid tail, protein channel, carbohydrate chain 2) Label each image below with the type of transport that is being displayed: Facilitated Diffusion Exocytosis Endocytosis 3) The process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated and does not require energy is known as diffusion. 4) The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane is known as osmosis. 5) The process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are less concentrated to an area where they are more concentrated and requires energy is known as active transport.